{"title":"A single-domain Ritz approach for buckling analysis of curvilinearly grid-stiffened composite panels","authors":"Ahmad Alhajahmad, Christian Mittelstedt","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditionally, modelling panels with curvilinear stiffeners using the Ritz method requires two separate domains: a 2D plate domain for the skin and a 1D beam domain for the stiffeners. These domains are then assembled to determine the overall structural response. In this paper, a novel single-domain Ritz-based approach is proposed for the semi-analytical modelling of curvilinearly grid-stiffened panels. A variable-stiffness domain is constructed to represent a skin concentrically stiffened with an arbitrary number of tow-placed curvilinear stiffeners, which share the same stacking direction as the skin. The proposed approach is implemented for addressing the buckling problem of panels with curvilinear fibres and stiffeners based on the first-order shear deformation theory. Pre-buckling and buckling responses are derived using the principles of stationary complementary energy and total potential energy, respectively. The elements of the resulting matrices are computed through a special integration strategy based on the Romberg integration rule. The quality of the results obtained with the proposed approach is validated by comparison with finite element simulations. The results demonstrate good agreement, highlighting the potential of the developed approach as a valuable tool for modelling curvilinearly grid-stiffened variable-stiffness composite panels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterial filling structure for train energy absorber under complex boundary conditions","authors":"Kun He, Jimin Zhang, Hechao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Train collisions often cause severe casualties, however, the existing hexagonal honeycomb-filled energy absorbers with unpredictable deformation patterns are highly susceptible to bending under the complex boundary conditions, resulting in a substantial decrease in energy absorption and the accompanying risk of climbing and derailment. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a negative Poisson’s ratio metamaterial filled structure based on topology optimization. Firstly, a functional cell element topology optimization method is proposed, and the effects of complex parameters on the optimization results are considered. 50 optimization results are obtained by using design of experiments. Subsequently, the optimal structure with the higher specific energy absorption and the more stable deformation mode is determined by selective laser melting and simulation; finally, the optimal structure is applied to the energy absorber, and six kinds of working conditions, including centricity, wide range of offset, and angle, are designed on the basis of considering the complex and uncertain boundary conditions. The results show that the proposed lateral compressed negative Poisson’s ratio structure has a more stable deformation pattern and lower initial collision force than the conventional axially compressed hexagonal honeycomb-filled structure, and the degree of bending is significantly less than that of the conventional structure under complex boundary conditions. It is worth pointing out that, due to the extensive bending of the hexagonal honeycomb-filled absorber, the specific energy absorption of the proposed lateral compression absorber is instead higher by about 10.8%, while the degradation rate of the specific energy absorption is lower in the case of offset and angular collisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of a deposit-substrate interface on fatigue crack propagation in WAAM-deposited SS316L: XFEM modeling with orthotropic material properties","authors":"Jignesh Nakrani , Amber Shrivastava , Wenyi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to investigate the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior at the interface of the SS316L deposited with wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) on SS316 substrate. The study considers compact tension specimens with four notch locations along the interface of WAAM deposition and substrate to analyze the overall FCG behavior. Build direction cracks divert from their initial trajectory towards WAAM region due to the uneven material field at the crack tip. Even with mode-I loading, crack path deflection is driven by the uneven stress distribution at the crack tip, which is caused due to WAAM region having smaller elastic modulus in comparison to the substrate. The stress field near the crack front provides insights into the crack-kinking mechanism. Numerical predictions of FCG behavior align well with experimental observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated shape and topology optimization with variable design domain for stiffening structures","authors":"Daiki Yamane , Marc Naguib , Masatoshi Shimoda","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an approach to create stiffeners for thick-walled 3D linear elastic structures by using variable design domain topology optimization. The layout and shape of stiffeners are simultaneously designed within the variable design domain which is optimized by shape optimization at each iteration. The SIMP-based topology optimization determines the generative regions of stiffeners within the variable design domain, and the shape optimization determines the optimal detailed shape while sequentially growing the stiffeners. Under the volume and equilibrium equation constraints, compliance is minimized to stiffen a structure. After formulating this design optimization problem as a distributed-parameter optimization problem, the sensitivity functions for shape and topology are derived using the Lagrange multiplier method, the material derivative method and the adjoint method. The derived sensitivity functions are applied to the vector and scalar types of H<sup>1</sup> gradient method to determine the optimal shape and topology of stiffeners. The both types of H<sup>1</sup> gradient method serve, enabling the achievement of a smooth optimal external shape while concurrently addressing potential issues related to grayscale and checkerboard patterns, as well as reducing the objective function. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through several design examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahao Zhong , Yang Xia , Hongjiang Wang , Han Dong , Weizhe Wang
{"title":"A boundary displacement-based defect identification method inspired by topology optimization","authors":"Jiahao Zhong , Yang Xia , Hongjiang Wang , Han Dong , Weizhe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nondestructive testing is crucial for appropriate structural health monitoring. This paper proposes a density-based topology optimization method for defect identification. The proposed numerical method maintains the integrity of structures by utilizing only boundary displacement data. Due to the sensitivity to material distribution, Young’s modulus is used as the criterion for defect detection. Specifically, defect identification is transformed into an optimization problem targeting the distribution of Young’s modulus. The solid isotropic material with penalization method is employed to establish a nonlinear interpolation model for Young’s modulus. Moreover, a hyperbolic tangent projection strategy is applied to suppress the intermediate-state distributions of Young’s modulus. It significantly shrinks the transition zones between the intact material and the defect, improving the accuracy of the defect geometry reconstruction. An iterative four-stage defect identification framework that involves adjusting the projection slope is formulated, which enhances the model’s defect detection capability. The model identifies distributed defects and defects featuring complex geometries with mean relative errors below 2%, which verifies its accuracy. Numerical results demonstrate that the reconstruction results are only correlated with the boundary displacements. Furthermore, the model is unaffected by the initial conditions and excels in distinguishing adjacent defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rotational collision dynamics of a spherical shell: frictional dissipation and stick-slip transition","authors":"Yanhong Du , Qing Peng , Xiaoming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impact of a spinning shell on a wall is a common dynamic phenomenon such as table tennis. During such contact, most of the energy is dissipated by friction; however, previous studies have focused on the spinless impact problem of shell on wall rather than the tangential behavior induced by spin and friction. One difficulty is that the tangential behavior couples with the nonlinear normal contact force by friction, and thus makes predicting the tangential behavior more challenging. In the present work, considering the Coulomb friction during a rotational collision, the friction states were classified into two categories: (1) pure slip (PS) and (2) first pure slip and then stick–slip (PS-SS), depending on initial angular velocity. The primary source of energy dissipation in the system is frictional dissipation, determined predominantly by the slip magnitude and frictional force. By revisiting and refining Bao’s model, we achieved a more accurate estimation of contact time and modeled a rotational collision of a spherical shell with rigid wall model, enabling the prediction of rebound behaviors in PS cases. Additionally, we predicted the transition time from PS to PS-SS for cases where either the initial angular velocity is sufficiently small, or the friction coefficient is sufficiently large.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaowei Chen , Bin Wu , Yanzheng Wang , Jun Zhu , Huaping Wu
{"title":"Tunable topological states of one-dimensional dielectric laminates","authors":"Shaowei Chen , Bin Wu , Yanzheng Wang , Jun Zhu , Huaping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the tunable topological states in one-dimensional dielectric elastomer (DE) laminates, aiming to explore active control mechanisms for topological phononic crystals (PCs). Utilizing DE materials capable of significant deformation under external electric fields, the study examines how interface modes are influenced by energy band transitions induced by breaking spatial-inversion symmetry. A theoretical model of the incremental wave in the DE laminate based on nonlinear electroelasticity is developed, and numerical calculations are performed using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and Finite Element Method (COMSOL). Key findings reveal that the position of topological phase transition points can be precisely controlled by changing the external electric field, thereby enabling the opening and closing of bandgaps (BGs) and the emergence of interface states. The results demonstrate the potential of DE-based PCs for advanced applications in acoustic manipulation and adaptive materials, highlighting their transformative role in dynamic wave control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing plasticity modeling of DC04 steel using strain-dependent Hill 1948 and BBC 2005 yield criteria: a novel 2D-DIC approach to track anisotropy","authors":"Shahram Amirabdollahian, Mahdi Gerdooei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The texture evolution during deformation significantly influences the mechanical properties of metals, including strength, formability, and anisotropy. Neglecting the evolution of anisotropy due to texture changes in plasticity models can lead to inaccurate stress predictions, unrealistic material behavior, limited formability assessments, and challenges in material optimization. This study addresses these limitations by enhancing the quadratic Hill 1948 and nonquadratic BBC 2005 yield criteria, incorporating strain-dependent anisotropy parameters to accurately represent the mechanical behavior of DC04 steel. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at 22.5° intervals relative to the rolling direction to extract the material’s mechanical properties. The quadratic Hill 1948(<span><math><mover><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math></span>) and nonquadratic BBC 2005(<span><math><mover><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math></span>) yield functions were employed, with their parameters evolving as a function of equivalent strain. A novel approach utilizing a 2D digital image correlation (2D-DIC) system was introduced to track anisotropy evolution by analyzing the behavior of multiple points across the deformation region. The anisotropy parameters of the BBC 2005 yield criterion were determined through uniaxial tensile test data and optimization of an error function via the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The strain-hardening behavior of the material was described via the Swift hardening law. After validation, the models were implemented into a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) for finite element simulations in ABAQUS, and the results were compared with experimental data. This study demonstrates a significant improvement in the accuracy of modeling the plastic behavior of DC04 steel by incorporating the evolution of anisotropy within the yield criterion, driven by texture evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employing spinning conditions to control the mechanical response of spider silk fibers","authors":"Renata Olivé, Noy Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spider silk is an extraordinary bio-material known for its exceptional combination of strength, stiffness, and extensibility. As such, it inspires the design of high-performance biomimetic fibers. Interestingly, experimental evidence suggests that the mechanical response of silk fibers is highly sensitive to the spinning conditions (which include naturally spun fibers, fibers forcibly silked in air, and fibers forcibly silked in water), as well as the reeling speed and silking stress. On a microstructural level, this occurs since the spinning environment, process, and conditions affect the intercrystallite distance, the initial chain length, and the network alignment. In this work, we present a microscopically motivated energy-based model that links the spinning conditions to the microstructure, and therefore enables a better understanding of its influence on the macroscopic mechanical behavior. Our model captures key physically interpretable features of the silk network, including the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, chain alignment, initial chain stretch, and crystallite size. The proposed framework is validated against various experimental data of uniaxially stretched silk fibers retrieved under different spinning conditions. These findings offer a mechanistic foundation for the rational design of synthetic silk-like fibers with tunable mechanical properties through controlled processing, highlighting the critical interplay between microstructure and macroscopic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Image-based modelling of open cell polymeric foams as simplified beam structures","authors":"Shaoheng Feng , Luca Andena , Michele Nacucchi , Fabio De Pascalis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2025.113598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymeric foams have many important applications in various industrial sectors, thanks to an excellent combination of properties. The study of the mechanical behavior of this type of material has important academic value and application prospects but poses important challenges because of their complex topology; numerical models faithful to their geometrical microstructure suffer from very high computational costs. This paper aims to develop a simplified beam element model of open-cell polymer foams based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) images, able to describe their compressive response with significantly improved computational efficiency. The images of the microstructure of a PPI20 polyurethane foam were obtained through CT scan. These images were then converted to 3D solid model, from which key morphological features were extracted. Based on these morphological features, an equivalent simplified beam element model was generated. A good quantitative agreement was found between simulations carried out with the two numerical models (solid and beam) and the compression experiments. In-situ compression tests performed in combination with CT scans also confirmed the ability of numerical models to describe the real deformation mechanisms of the foam. This simplified model demonstrates an accuracy comparable to the 3D solid model with vastly reduced computational effort, allowing for an efficient and accurate prediction of the mechanical properties of open cell foams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14311,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solids and Structures","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 113598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}