SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy最新文献_第9页

Partial shade stress test for thin-film photovoltaic modules 薄膜光伏组件的局部荫蔽应力测试

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1117/12.2188774

T. Silverman, M. Deceglie, C. Deline, S. Kurtz

引用次数: 19

Electrical and photovoltaic properties through a large multicrystalline Si ingot 电学和光伏性能通过一个大的多晶硅锭

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-10-03 DOI: 10.1117/12.733827

S. Martinuzzi, I. Périchaud, O. Palais, D. Barakel, Michel Gaulthier

{"title":"Electrical and photovoltaic properties through a large multicrystalline Si ingot","authors":"S. Martinuzzi, I. Périchaud, O. Palais, D. Barakel, Michel Gaulthier","doi":"10.1117/12.733827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.733827","url":null,"abstract":"Large multicrystalline cast silicon ingots (>310 kg) are cost effective in the photovoltaic industry and attenuate the feedstock shortage. The bulk lifetime τn and diffusion length Ln of minority carriers vary through the height due to the segregation of metallic impurities during the directional solidification. The native impurity concentrations increase from the bottom to the top of the ingot, which is solidified last, while the ingot bottom, which is solidified first, is contaminated by the contact with the crucible. It was found that τn and Ln are the smallest in the top and in the bottom of the ingot. In solar cells, the evolution is similar, however in the central part of the ingot Ln is strongly increased due to the in-diffusion of hydrogen from the SiN-H antireflection coating layer. The variations along the ingot height of the conversion efficiency η and of τn in raw wafers are well correlated, that can predict the values of η, allowing an in-line sorting of the wafers, before solar cells are made. If τn is smaller than 1 μs, as observed at the extremities of the ingot, η will be limited to 10% only; if τn is higher than 2.5 μs η achieve 15 % at least. In addition, impurity segregation phenomena around grain boundaries are observed at the extremities of the ingots, linked to the long duration of the solidification process. Reducing the height of the ingots could suppress these phenomena and not much material must be discarded. Another problem can come from the use of upgraded metallurgical silicon feedstock in which the densities of boron and phosphorus are very close. Due to the difference in the segregation coefficients, ingots may be entirely or partly p or n type, suggesting that a purification step tawards the dopants is required.","PeriodicalId":142821,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131860322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of CPC solar concentrators by a laser method 用激光方法表征CPC太阳能聚光器

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-09-28 DOI: 10.1117/12.733925

A. Parretta, A. Antonini, M. Stefancich, V. Franceschini, G. Martinelli, M. Armani

{"title":"Characterization of CPC solar concentrators by a laser method","authors":"A. Parretta, A. Antonini, M. Stefancich, V. Franceschini, G. Martinelli, M. Armani","doi":"10.1117/12.733925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.733925","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a method of optical characterization of solar concentrators based on the use of a laser beam. The method, even though constrained by lengthy measurements, gives nevertheless interesting information on local mirror surface defects or manufacturing defects, like internal wall shape inaccuracies. It was applied to 3D-CPC-like concentrators and the measurements were supported by optical simulations with commercial codes. The method, simple to apply, requires just a laser to scan the CPC input aperture following a matrix-like path, at a controlled orientation of the beam. Maps of optical efficiency as function of the laser beam incidence angle are obtained by matching the CPC exit aperture with a photodetector with an efficient light trapping. The integration of each map gives the CPC efficiency resolved in angle of incidence, so curves of optical transmission (efficiency) as function of incidence angle can be drawn and the acceptance angle measured. The analysis of the single maps allows to obtain interesting information on light collection by the different regions of CPC input area. It reveals, moreover, how the efficiency of light collection depends on several factors like surface reflectivity, number of reflections of the single beam, local angle of incidence, local surface defects, and so on. By comparing the theoretical analysis with the experimental results, it is possible to emphasize the effects directly related to manufacturing defects.","PeriodicalId":142821,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124496781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Efficiency enhancement in concentrator solar cells by dielectric micro-concentrators 介电微聚光器提高聚光太阳能电池效率

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-09-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.733024

Omer Korech, J. Gordon, E. Katz, D. Feuermann, N. Eisenberg

引用次数: 1

Daily fill factor variation as a diagnostic probe of multijunction concentrator systems during outdoor operation 多结集中器系统在室外运行时的日填充系数变化诊断探头

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-09-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.732604

W. McMahon, K. Emery, D. Friedman, L. Ottoson, M. Young, J. Ward, C. Kramer, A. Duda, S. Kurtz

引用次数: 1

Copper gallium diselenide photocathodes for solar photoelectrolysis 太阳能光电解用二硒化铜镓光电阴极

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-09-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.732737

B. Marsen, B. Cole, S. Dorn, R. Rocheleau, E. Miller

引用次数: 2

Electronic structure characterization and bandgap engineering of solar hydrogen materials 太阳能氢材料的电子结构表征与带隙工程

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-09-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.734618

Jinghua Guo

引用次数: 2

Evaluation of methods to correct for IR loss in Eppley PSP diffuse measurements Eppley PSP漫射测量中红外损耗校正方法的评价

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-09-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.734474

F. Vignola, Ch. D. Long, I. Reda

{"title":"Evaluation of methods to correct for IR loss in Eppley PSP diffuse measurements","authors":"F. Vignola, Ch. D. Long, I. Reda","doi":"10.1117/12.734474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734474","url":null,"abstract":"The IR loss in diffuse measurements made by thermopile pyranometers is examined. Diffuse measurements are used for the study of IR losses because diffuse irradiance is much smaller than the total irradiance and hence the IR effects can be more clearly seen. Specifically, diffuse measurements of an Eppley PSP pyranometer are compared to those made with a Schenk Star pyranometer. Pyranometers with black and white or star type junctions suffer minimal IR loss because the reference and receiving junctions of the thermopile are at the same thermal level. The difference between diffuse values can be attributed to calibration and cosine response errors as well as IR loss. This is a preliminary study over one month when pyrgeometer data are available. Examination of the differences at various times of the year and at more than one location is necessary to generalize the findings in this report. Several methods of correcting for IR loss are examined. First subtracting out the average nighttime offset during the day is tested. Next an extrapolation between early morning and late evening offsets is tested. This should help eliminate the IR offset in both the morning and evening hours, but underestimate the IR losses during the rest of the day. Next, correlations of IR losses calculated using pyrgeometer measurements with temperature, relative humidity, and irradiance are evaluated. Initial results show that it should be possible to use more commonly available measurements rather than prygeometer data to estimate IR loss for Eppley PSP pyranometers.","PeriodicalId":142821,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134027279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Textured, doped, ZnO thin films produced by a new process for a-Si and CIGS solar cell application 采用新工艺制备的织构掺杂ZnO薄膜在a- si和CIGS太阳能电池中的应用

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-09-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.736084

S. Guo, L. Sahoo, G. Sosale, A. Delahoy

{"title":"Textured, doped, ZnO thin films produced by a new process for a-Si and CIGS solar cell application","authors":"S. Guo, L. Sahoo, G. Sosale, A. Delahoy","doi":"10.1117/12.736084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.736084","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) used as a front electrode for thin-film solar cells and modules play a major role in determining the maximum attainable conversion efficiency. Doped ZnO is an important TCO that is widely used in amorphous/nanocrystalline silicon (a-Si/nc-Si) and CIGS thin-film solar cells. In the case of a-Si/nc-Si cells, the ZnO thin film should be textured to promote light trapping to increase the short-circuit current density Jsc. In this work, textured, aluminum-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) thin films have been directly deposited by a sputtering-based method and without the need for post-deposition etching. The morphology, optical properties and electrical properties of the films have been studied. SEM micrographs show that feature sizes around 0.2 - 0.4μm have been achieved at a film thickness of 1μm, and that the morphology can be controlled by the deposition conditions. AFM images were analyzed to extract a set of topographic parameters (amplitude, spatial, and hybrid). The optical transmission, haze, and angle-resolved light scattering of the textured ZnO:Al films were measured and compared to properties of commercially-available textured SnO2:F thin films on glass. Higher haze and reduced absorption could be obtained with the textured ZnO:Al films. Hall effect measurements on these films yielded a carrier concentration and mobility of 2.75 x 1020cm-3 and 24.1cm2/Vs, respectively. We also report that the use of these textured ZnO:Al films as the top TCO for CIGS solar cells results in reduced cell reflectance and increased Jsc. The novel deposition method provides a potential pathway to large area and cost effective production of a textured ZnO TCO for thin-film PV manufacturing operations.","PeriodicalId":142821,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123995769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

The evaluation of four different diffuse radiation correction models applied to shadow ring measurements for Beer Sheva, Israel 四种不同的漫射辐射校正模型在以色列比尔谢瓦阴影环测量中的应用评估

SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2007-09-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.731555

A. Kudish, Efim G. Evseev

{"title":"The evaluation of four different diffuse radiation correction models applied to shadow ring measurements for Beer Sheva, Israel","authors":"A. Kudish, Efim G. Evseev","doi":"10.1117/12.731555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.731555","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of the horizontal diffuse radiation, a priori a straightforward task, is fraught with difficulties. It is possible to measure the diffuse radiation by both direct and indirect methods. The most accurate method is probably the indirect one, which utilizes concurrent measurements of the horizontal global and the normal incidence beam radiation. The disadvantage of this method is the relatively expensive tracking system required for measuring the latter. The diffuse radiation can be measured directly with a pyranometer outfitted with either an occulting disk or shadow ring, which prevent the beam radiation from impinging on the pyranometer sensor. The former method can provide accurate measurements of the diffuse radiation but requires a relatively expensive sun tracking system in the east-west axis. The shadow ring is a stationary device with regard to the east-west axis and blocks the beam radiation component by creating a permanent shadow on the pyranometer sensor. The disadvantage of the shadow ring is that it also blocks a portion of the sky, which necessitates a geometrical correction factor. There is also a need to correct for anisotropic sky conditions. Four correction models have been applied to the data and the results evaluated and ranked.","PeriodicalId":142821,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130554653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0