International journal of paediatric dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Salivary Fluoride Concentrations and Fluoride Intake After Toothbrushing With and Without Rinsing Using Sodium Fluoride Toothpaste: A Crossover Trial in 6-Year-Old Children.","authors":"Thanya Sitthisettapong, Nitiporn Thaisiam, Thamonwan Phooamornrat, Patarasaya Soontornruengyot, Jakratham Wongmuneeworn","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brushing with fluoride-containing toothpaste without rinsing significantly increases salivary fluoride concentration.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the effects of rinsing versus non-rinsing after toothbrushing with 1500 ppm fluoride (ppmF) toothpaste on salivary fluoride concentration up to 90 min and fluoride intake in 6-year-old children.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A crossover clinical trial was conducted in 18 healthy 6-year-old children. Children brushed their teeth with 1500 ppmF toothpaste (0.6 g) with rinsing (WR) or without rinsing (WOR) in a three-day washout period. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and at 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min after toothbrushing. Salivary fluoride concentration was measured using an ion-specific electrode. Fluoride intake was also determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The geometric mean salivary fluoride concentration was significantly higher in WOR than in WR over time (p = 0.023). Pairwise comparisons at specific time points showed a significant difference at 1-min post-brushing (p < 0.001). Fluoride intake was significantly greater in WOR than in WR (0.216 ± 0.046 vs. 0.176 ± 0.056 mgF; p = 0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Toothbrushing with 1500 ppmF toothpaste without rinsing produced higher fluoride intake and total fluoride exposure (AUC) due to a large initial peak; however, salivary fluoride concentrations were comparable between rinsing methods from 5 min onward and remained caries-preventive for up to 90 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validity of the Short Version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) for Spanish Populations.","authors":"María Angeles Velló-Ribes, María Dolores Casaña-Ruiz, Ana Amparo Zaragoza-Fernández, Juan Ignacio Aura-Tormos, Jose María Montiel-Company, Montserrat Catalá-Pizarro","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the short version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire for use in Spanish populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of children aged 3-14 years attending private dental clinics, primary healthcare centers, and a university dental clinic. The adaptation process included forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Psychometric evaluation of 334 valid responses was performed. Exploratory factor analyses examined the seven parenting dimensions and Baumrind's three parenting styles, and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Spanish version showed satisfactory structural validity, replicating the three parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and a coherent seven-dimension structure after removing three items (25, 26, 28) to improve reliability. Subscale internal consistency was acceptable (α = 0.84 authoritative; 0.74 authoritarian; 0.63 permissive). The authoritative style was most prevalent (M = 4.35, SD = 0.45). The final instrument included 29 items and showed improved reliability (α = 0.548).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The short PSDQ was successfully translated and culturally adapted for Spanish-speaking parents, demonstrating adequate validity and reliability. The validated instrument provides a practical and culturally appropriate tool for assessing parenting behaviors, with applications in research, clinical practice, and pediatric dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Mandibular Fractures in Infants and Neonates: A Narrative Review of Growth Preservation, Functional Recovery, and Safeguarding.","authors":"Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Razi, Nabilah Sawani Harith","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mandibular fractures in infants and neonates are rare and present distinct diagnostic and management challenges. Most evidence is derived from isolated case reports and small series, and no age-specific guidance exists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative synthesis was conducted using 26 English-language publications (1985-2025) reporting 50 mandibular fractures in children aged ≤ 12 months, including 10 neonates. PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus and Google Scholar were searched. Data were extracted using the CARE framework to ensure consistency in documenting clinical findings, imaging, management and safeguarding. Themes were organised around diagnosis, imaging, treatment approaches and growth considerations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty fractures were identified, with a slight male predominance. Falls were the main cause in older infants, while traumatic delivery predominated in neonates. Among 53 fractures with a documented site, symphyseal/parasymphyseal fractures were most frequent (62.3%). Of 36 cases with reported management, 75% were managed conservatively and 25% surgically. Over 90% of cases with follow-up demonstrated normal growth. Safeguarding procedures were documented in 30.7% of reports.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Favourable outcomes depend on preserving periosteal integrity, supporting function and performing safeguarding assessments when indicated. Diagnosis should be guided primarily by clinical examination, with selective imaging, and management should prioritise conservative, growth-preserving approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral and Gut Microbiota in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Case-Control Study.","authors":"Airi Iida, Yuki Toyota, Tatsuki Itagaki, Yasutaka Yawaka, Akira Hasebe","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota play important roles in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), potentially influencing the development and severity of the condition. Oral bacteria may be directly or indirectly involved in the biological and symptomatic aspects of ASD through their effect on gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This pilot study aimed to characterise compositional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota of individuals with ASD and to identify bacterial taxa in saliva and faeces that may serve as potential microbial indicators of ASD.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Salivary and faecal samples were collected from 10 individuals with ASD and 10 typically developing controls. The oral and gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S ribosomal RNA marker-gene sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Distinct features of the oral and gut microbiota were identified that differed between individuals with ASD and typically developing controls. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size, the relative abundances of the genera Neisseria were higher in the oral microbiota of the ASD groups, whereas the genera Faecalibacterium were enriched in the gut microbiota. These findings highlight the potential relevance of the oral-gut-brain axis in ASD. Additionally, non-invasive sampling of saliva and faeces may be utilised for early ASD screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weighted Blankets for Special Children: A Randomized Crossover Trial Investigating Effects on Dental Anxiety and Physiological Responses.","authors":"Siddhesh Ajgaonkar, Amarshree A Shetty, Kavita Rai","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental anxiety poses a major challenge in managing children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), often exacerbated by sensory sensitivities. Weighted blankets, through deep touch pressure (DTP) stimulation, are believed to reduce stress via parasympathetic activation. This study evaluated the effectiveness of weighted blankets in reducing dental anxiety in children with mild IDD.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A randomized crossover trial was conducted on 42 children (aged 6-14 years) with mild IDD. Custom-made weighted blankets (10% of body weight, filled with kitchen grains) were used. Participants attended two appointments 1 month apart-Group 1 received the blanket first, while Group 2 served as control, with roles reversed in the second visit. Physiological (pulse rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation) and behavioral (Venham's Anxiety Rating Scale) parameters were recorded at baseline and during Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Use of weighted blankets significantly reduced anxiety and physiological markers across both groups. Group 1 showed reductions in systolic/diastolic pressure (1.99/1 mmHg), pulse rate (4 bpm), improved oxygen saturation (+2.99%), and decreased anxiety scores (0.99). Group 2 showed similar trends when the blanket was introduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Weighted blankets offer a safe, non-pharmacological option to manage dental anxiety in children with mild IDD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical trial registration - Indian was done (CTRI/2023/06/054290) dated 26/06/2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Comorbidity of Dental Phobia in a Representative Population of 16-Year-Olds in Norway.","authors":"Robert Schibbye, Lars Wichstrøm, Göran Dahllöf","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ipd.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although dental fear and anxiety are common in children and adolescents, they are not well-defined constructs and may not capture critical clinical aspects. Dental phobia (DP) is more well-defined as a specific phobia that includes the criteria of functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and covariates of DP.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A representative sample from two birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway (n = 666) was assessed at age 16. A diagnostic interview using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia was conducted with both parent and adolescent. Personality traits, intelligence, and executive functioning were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of DP was estimated to 3.7% (95% CI: 2.7%-5.1%), whereas 8.0% (95% CI: 6.5%-9.9%) had intra-oral injection phobia (I-OIP). Generally, DP was not associated with anxiety, depressive disorders, personality traits, or poor executive functioning. However, DP was comorbid with social anxiety disorder and had more symptoms of ADHD, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and lower verbal intelligence than those without DP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dental phobia is prevalent in adolescence and exists independently from other anxieties, although persons with DP more often experience social anxiety, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and difficulties understanding advanced language. These tendencies could lead to challenges with interaction and comprehension during dental visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"420-430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Puppetry-Based Approaches in Dental and Oral Health Promotion for Children: A Scoping Review of Interventions.","authors":"Lama Ahmed Alosail, Maram Ali Alwadi, Deema Alroweilly, Khalid Saleh Alshayea, Saud Hamad Alzuhair, Basil H Aboul-Enein","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ipd.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Puppetry is a well-established three-dimensional art form of media that has been commonly utilized to tell stories and communicate messages. Its application in educational entertainment has become widespread and gained recognition.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This scoping review aimed to explore puppetry-based approaches in promoting dental and oral health for children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of eight databases was conducted using PRISMA-ScR guidelines, focusing on studies published up to August 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten studies were included in the review. A game-centered educational approach significantly enhanced children's dental knowledge and skills. Human models with mirror feedback were most effective, while giant tooth-brushing models and animal puppets had the lowest imitation rates. Puppet theater improved urban preschoolers' oral health but had no effect on rural children. Hand puppets, pop-up books, and animated videos significantly enhanced toothbrushing skills. Storytelling with hand puppets improved knowledge and attitude more than role-playing. Puppet shows and animated videos yielded notable posttest improvements in oral health knowledge and skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Puppetry-based education appears to be an effective strategy for improving oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among children, particularly in school and clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"468-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Caries as a Potential Risk Factor for Asthma: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Chenchen Wang, Jiaming Liu, Ping Luo, Wanting Wan, Jifang Hui, Wenhui Liang, Jingjing Liu, Hu Qiao","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ipd.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental caries is a widespread oral disease linked to systemic health. Asthma, a chronic airway condition, impacts quality of life and may influence oral health. While evidence on the association between asthma and caries is inconclusive, some studies suggest asthma increases caries risk. This study applies Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate their potential causal relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. Suitable instrumental variables (IVs) were chosen in accordance with three key MR analysis assumptions. The primary method employed was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, with supplementary methods including MR-Egger regression, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, Weighted Mode, and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis showed a significant positive association between dental caries and asthma (IVW OR > 1, p < 0.05). No causal effect of asthma on dental caries was detected (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed no heterogeneity or pleiotropy, supporting the robustness of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that dental caries may contribute to asthma development, while asthma does not directly influence dental caries. Maintaining good oral health could help reduce asthma risk, highlighting the need for integrated oral and respiratory health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"448-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Preoperative Immersive and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Exposure on Dental Anxiety in Children: A Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Leezallini Selvaraj, Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof, Nor Nadia Zakaria, Nurul Zeety Azizi, Noorhidayah Zainal Aalam","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ipd.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preoperative familiarisation using virtual reality (VR) devices before dental treatment is an innovative strategy to manage dental anxiety in children.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative immersive and non-immersive VR exposure in children with dental anxiety and its correlation with physiological response.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A total of 66 children aged 9-12 years with dental anxiety were randomised into immersive VR exposure (IVRE), non-immersive VR exposure (NIVRE), and control groups. Before receiving a fissure sealant on one permanent molar, IVRE participants navigated a virtual dental clinic, NIVRE participants viewed dental-themed cartoons, and controls waited as usual. Pre- and post-intervention anxiety (Malay-MCDAS_f) and pulse rate were analysed using ANOVA, paired t-tests, and Pearson's correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 66 participants, two dropped out. IVRE and NIVRE significantly reduced dental anxiety compared to control (IVRE vs. Control: p = 0.008; NIVRE vs. Control: p = 0.009), with large effect sizes. No significant differences in PR reductions between groups (p = 0.052, d = 0.09), indicating a small clinical effect. A significant postoperative correlation existed between Malay-MCDAS_f and PR (r = 0.285, p = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VR reduced children's preoperative dental anxiety but did not significantly affect pulse rate. The correlation between self-reported anxiety and physiological response highlights VR's potential as an adjunct in paediatric anxiety management (197 words).</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05854329; National Medical Research Register: NMRR ID-23-01114-ATC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"431-439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transillumination-Aided Infiltration of MIH-Affected Molars: Evaluation of the Clinical Workflow.","authors":"Omar Marouane, Mariem Nefzaoui, David John Manton, Marcus Cebula, Falk Schwendicke, Susanne Effenberger","doi":"10.1111/ipd.70064","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ipd.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enamel affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) exhibits reduced mechanical properties due to its disorganised prismatic structure, lower mineral density and higher protein content. These alterations increase porosity and susceptibility to posteruptive enamel breakdown. Minimally invasive treatments, such as resin infiltration, have been proposed to reinforce enamel integrity. Recent advances suggest that transillumination can guide infiltration more accurately, allowing better visualisation of lesion extent and potentially improving treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This case series evaluated the clinical suitability of transillumination-aided resin infiltration, specifically the utility of using transillumination to support resin infiltration treatment, for MIH-affected molars.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Five MIH-affected first permanent molars from five paediatric patients, diagnosed according to EAPD criteria for MIH, were included. One molar presented with two distinct lesions, leading to the inclusion of six lesions in total. Transillumination was used to assess the lesion appearance, to assist with selective surface removal and to monitor the resin infiltration process to assess when it was completed, that is, when the lesion either fully disappeared visually or no change was visible anymore under transmitted light.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transillumination was employed successfully to assist with resin infiltration treatment and to assess the treatment outcome. Four lesions showed partial and two complete infiltrations visually, indicating putatively that the porous lesion structure is strengthened. No complications were reported during treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transillumination was successfully utilised to support resin infiltration in MIH-affected molars and to visualise the quality of infiltration, serving as a potential surrogate outcome measure. Future research should explore long-term clinical outcomes and the impact on patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":14268,"journal":{"name":"International journal of paediatric dentistry","volume":" ","pages":"412-419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145856212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}