International Journal of Science and Engineering最新文献_第8页

Standardization of the Electricity and Economic Potentials of Landfill Gas (LFG) in Lagos, Nigeria. 尼日利亚拉各斯垃圾填埋气(LFG)电力和经济潜力的标准化。

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-07-15 DOI: 10.12777/ijse.7.1.1-9

C. N. Akujieze, I. Idehai

{"title":"Standardization of the Electricity and Economic Potentials of Landfill Gas (LFG) in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"C. N. Akujieze, I. Idehai","doi":"10.12777/ijse.7.1.1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12777/ijse.7.1.1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, various practical data and scholarly estimations of the electricity potentials of landfill gas (LFG) have been forwarded and these can be juxtaposed for estimations in the megacity called Lagos. The calculated values were between 63.22- 700MW of derivable electricity. However, in order to limit observable disparities and ambiguities in these derivations and thus allow for more accurate projections, these estimations can be gauged using as template; -stoichiometry, establishing 50% of landfill gas as methane, assuming 50% of this volume as recoverable, and using a proposed engine efficiency of 30%. This standardization projects a theoretical mean achievable electrical power of 121.69 MW for the Lagos area from a population of about 21 million with a generation per capita (GPC) of 0.63kg with biodegradable content of about 60%. The yearly electrical energy was placed at 1,066,004.4 MWh with tariff revenue in excess of US$ 106.6 million /yr. An accruing carbon credit of about US$75.59 million /yr is expected from certified emission reduction (CER). The projected derivations can be used as models for evaluation of the landfill gas and electricity potentials in many parts of the world.","PeriodicalId":14209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66726577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Maluku Nutmeg Oil 马鲁古肉豆蔻油理化性质研究

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-07-15 DOI: 10.12777/IJSE.7.1.61-64

I. Marzuki, Bintoro Joefrie, S. Aziz, H. Agusta, M. Surahman

{"title":"Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Maluku Nutmeg Oil","authors":"I. Marzuki, Bintoro Joefrie, S. Aziz, H. Agusta, M. Surahman","doi":"10.12777/IJSE.7.1.61-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12777/IJSE.7.1.61-64","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oil of Banda nutmeg was extracted using hydro-distillation method to characterize their essential oil and volatile components. Banda, Ambon, and Luhu nutmegs were chosen as sample ecotypes. Nutmeg oils were subjected to physico-chemical and GC-MC analyses. Results indicated that nutmeg from the three ecotypes produced uncolored oils with the contents in mature seed were 11.69, 11.92, and 9.99%, respectively. Meanwhile those of immature seeds contained 13.32, 11.99, and 11.03% respectively. Furthermore, the physic o -chemical of the oil are specific gravity 0.897 to 0.909 g/ml; refraction index, 1.489 to 1.491; and optical rotation, +11.4 0 to +16,3 0 .GC-MS analysis suggested that essential oils Maluku nutmegs composed of 28 to 31 components and also showed that nutmeg from Banda comprised 52.8% monoterpene hydrocarbon (MH), 21.11% oxygenated monoterpene (OM), and 18,04% aromatic compound (AC); Ambon’s 45.12% MH, 24.51% OM, and 16.97% AC; and Luhu’s 56.06% MH, 27.34% OM, and 13.62% AC. Further analysis indicated that there were four important volatile oils fractions in nutmegs i.e. myristicin, elemicin, safrole, and eugenol. Maluku nutmeg contain 5.57 to 13.76% myristicin and 0.97 to 2.46% safrole. In conclusion, nutmeg oil shows a high stability in all physico-chemical properties. Nutmeg from Banda ecotype has the highest content in myristicin.","PeriodicalId":14209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"61-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12777/IJSE.7.1.61-64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66726915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Design of Bandwidth Enhancement CPW-Fed Slot Antennas 带宽增强cpw馈电缝隙天线的设计

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).88

Lin-Chuan Tsai

{"title":"Design of Bandwidth Enhancement CPW-Fed Slot Antennas","authors":"Lin-Chuan Tsai","doi":"10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).88","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-band coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed slot antenna design for wireless/mobile communication applications is proposed. This antenna is designed on single-layer PCB FR4 substrate with permittivity er = 4.4, loss tangent tanδ = 0.0245, and thickness h = 1.6mm. The antenna consists of T-shaped signal strip and U-shaped conducting strip in the upper side of T-shaped signal strip. With the simple tuning slot parameters of the ground plane, the proposed antenna is suitable for WLAN 2.4/5.2/5.8, WiMAX 2.5/3.5/5.5, and WCDMA 1.92-2.17 GHz operations. The -10 dB bandwidth of the proposed antennas from measurement is about 109.2% (1.85-6.3GHz). The bandwidth enhancement is obtained by choosing suitable combinations of the upper and the lower ground slots. The elaborate analysis of geometrical parameters has been studied to optimize the performance of the designed antennas. The results for return loss, far-field H- and E-plane radiation patterns, gain, and radiation efficiency of the proposed antennas are presented and discussed. The antenna size of radiation area and ground plane is 50×50mm^2. The detailed simulation and experiment are investigated to optimize for broadband operation. The measured results show a good agreement with the simulated results.","PeriodicalId":14209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"359-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71315571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Simple Dual-band Band-pass Microstrip Filter 一个简单的双带带通微带滤波器

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).84

Cheng J. Wang, Hsin M. Shieh

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Security Traversal in OpenFlow Networks with QoS Guarantee 具有QoS保证的OpenFlow网络中的动态安全遍历

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).62

Yu-Jia Chen, Feng-Yi Lin, Li-Chun Wang

引用次数: 3

A Novel Composite Cognitive Capability Modeling with an Overlay Sensing Approach 基于叠加感知的复合认知能力建模方法

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).09

C. Liao, Tai-Kuo Woo

{"title":"A Novel Composite Cognitive Capability Modeling with an Overlay Sensing Approach","authors":"C. Liao, Tai-Kuo Woo","doi":"10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6159/IJSE.2014.(4-2).09","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive radios are promising solutions to the problem of overcrowded spectrum. The cognitive capability is the key technology that enables the secondary users to use licensed spectrum in a dynamic manner that the spectrum of the primary users are as unaffected as possible. But the metrics for composite cognitive capability are required in time in order to capture the temporal, spectral, and spatial variations (＂spectrum holes＂) with cognitive signal strength under a sophisticated cognitive radio environment. In this paper, in order to evaluate the spectrum awareness effectively, a novel analytical modeling of composite cognitive radio capability with an overlay sensing approach is proposed. An elliptic cognitive scenario with spatial variations is assumed, which consists of traditional primary units (PUs) and cognitive radio units (CRUs) with concurrent temporal and spectral scanning schemes. In addition, in a cooperative overlay sensing approach, the CRU will also detect the primary transmission signals for spectrum holes and ＂assist＂ the primary receiving signal through a tone-assisted relaying signal to enhance system performance and reach lower symbol error probability with a specific tone-to-signal ratio (TSR) above SNR decision thresholds.","PeriodicalId":14209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71315851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Nutrient Potency of Palm Oil Plantation and Mill’s By-product Processed with Amofer Technology as Ruminant Feed 用阿莫弗技术加工棕榈油种植园及其副产品作为反刍动物饲料的营养效力

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-04-15 DOI: 10.12777/ijse.6.2.112-116

H. Mayulu

{"title":"The Nutrient Potency of Palm Oil Plantation and Mill’s By-product Processed with Amofer Technology as Ruminant Feed","authors":"H. Mayulu","doi":"10.12777/ijse.6.2.112-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12777/ijse.6.2.112-116","url":null,"abstract":"By-product derived from palm oil plantation and mill is very potential for energy and protein source for ruminant feed. However, it is still underutilized due to low content of crude protein (CP) with high crude fiber (CF). Ammoniation or fermentation technology could optimize the quality of by-product by increasing digestibility, reducing CF and increasing CP content. The objective of this research was to determine the nutrient and potency value of palm oil plantation and mill's by-product applied with amofer technology for ruminant feed. Sample was prepared in two methods: 1) sample without amofer application, 2) sample with amofer application under anaerobic method and incubated for 18 days. Ammoniation was carried out by adding urea of 3% from the total material and then incubated for nine days. At the ninth day, some microorganisms starter i.e. cellulolytic, amillolytic and proteolytic were added by 1% of the total material. Proximate analysis was carried out in laboratory to examine the nutrient value. The crude protein content at each part of feed material before and after amofer treatment was follow: palm midrib: 3.16%:17%; palm leaves 6.53%:26.51%; empty fruit bunch 7.01%:1673%; palm pressed fiber 5.56%:16.00%. While the crude fiber at each part of feed material was: palm midrib 37.85%:30.86%; palm leaves 30.39%:24.41%; EFB 40.22%:34.98%; PPF 50.39%: 41.70%. The application of amofer could increase the amount of feed material (ton/ha/y): dry matter (DM) 14.82:15.89; CP 0.79:2.87; total digestible nutrient (TDN) 7.63:8.5. Moreover, amofer application could also increase the nutrient content of palm oil plantation and mill's by-product by increasing CP and reducing CF. This increasing was also followed by the increasing of DM, CP, and TDN which indicated that those feed sources were recommended as ruminant feed material.","PeriodicalId":14209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12777/ijse.6.2.112-116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66726253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

New Concept of Cultivation Using Limited Strip-Tillage with Strip Shallow Irrigation 条形浅水灌溉有限条形耕作的新概念

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-04-15 DOI: 10.14710/PRESIPITASI.V%VI%I.387-400

Yazid Ismi Intara, A. Sapei, E. Erizal, S. NamakenE., M. B. Joefrie

{"title":"New Concept of Cultivation Using Limited Strip-Tillage with Strip Shallow Irrigation","authors":"Yazid Ismi Intara, A. Sapei, E. Erizal, S. NamakenE., M. B. Joefrie","doi":"10.14710/PRESIPITASI.V%VI%I.387-400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/PRESIPITASI.V%VI%I.387-400","url":null,"abstract":"Dry land is one of land resources which potentially used for food crop cultivation, especially in the areas which have light to medium technical obstacles. The devel opment of technology to improve soil quality in mar ginal lands to be productive lands is still widely open for agricultu ral development in Indonesia. Rooting medium qualit y can be improved by changing soil tillage method and observing the prop er crop irrigation technology. It can be the soluti on for crop cultivation in clay loam soil. This study aimed to obtain water mo vement model in a minimally-tilled clay soil with s trip shallow irrigation. The concept is limited soil-tillage with strip shal low irrigation method, water supply technique, and crop water requirement. Method used in this study includes developing water movement model (software development) in a minimal ly-tilled clay soil with subsurface irrigation. In the final stages, research also conducted water movement analysis testi ng apparatus in the laboratory, field validation of the subsurface irri gation performance, and cultivation technique testi ng to chili pepper growth (Capsicum annuumL.). The development of water movem ent simulation on a limited strip-tillage with subs urface irrigation uses the concept to quantify the amount of water in the soil. The analysis of movement pattern was dem onstrated on contour patterns. It showed that the wetting process can re ach depth zone - 5 cm to the rooting zone. It was a n important discovery on the development of minimum stripe tillage soil with subsurface irrigation. Specifically, it can be con cluded that: the result of fitting by eyes to diffusivity graphic and water co ntent obtained the required parameter values for so il physical properties. It was then simulated on horizontal water movement mod el on a minimum strip-tillage with strip shallow ir rigation .","PeriodicalId":14209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"169-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67038920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Watershed Modeling with ArcSWAT and SUFI2 In Cisadane Catchment Area: Calibration and Validation of River Flow Prediction ArcSWAT和SUFI2在Cisadane流域的流域建模:河流流量预测的校准和验证

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-04-15 DOI: 10.12777/ijse.6.2.92-101

I. Ridwansyah, H. Pawitan, N. Sinukaban, Y. Hidayat

{"title":"Watershed Modeling with ArcSWAT and SUFI2 In Cisadane Catchment Area: Calibration and Validation of River Flow Prediction","authors":"I. Ridwansyah, H. Pawitan, N. Sinukaban, Y. Hidayat","doi":"10.12777/ijse.6.2.92-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12777/ijse.6.2.92-101","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing of natural resources utilization as a result of population growth and economic development has caused severe damage on the watershed. The impacts of natural disasters such as floods, landslides and droughts become more frequent. Cisadane Catchment Area is one of 108 priority watershed in Indonesia. SWAT is currently applied world wide and considered as a versatile model that can be used to integrate multiple environmental processes, which support more effective watershed management and the development of better informed policy decision. The objective of this study is to examine the applicability of SWAT model for modeling mountainous catchments, focusing on Cisadane catchment Area in west Java Province, Indonesia. The SWAT model simulation was done for the periods of 2005 – 2010 while it used landuse information in 2009. Methods of Sequential Uncertainty Fitting ver. 2 (SUFI2) and combine with manual calibration were used in this study to calibrate a rainfall-runoff. The Calibration is done on 2007 and the validation on 2009, the R 2 and Nash Sutchliffe Efficiency (NSE) of the calibration were 0.71 and 0.72 respectively and the validation are 0.708 and 0.7 respectively. The monthly average of surface runoff and total water yield from the simulation were 27.7 mm and 2718.4 mm respectively. This study showed SWAT model can be a potential monitoring tool especially for watersheds in Cisadane Catchment Area or in the tropical regions. The model can be used for another purpose, especially in watershed management.","PeriodicalId":14209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12777/ijse.6.2.92-101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66726415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Pitting Corrosion of Ni3(Si,Ti) Intermetallic Compound at Various Chloride Concentrations 不同氯化物浓度下Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物的点蚀

International Journal of Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2014-04-15 DOI: 10.12777/IJSE.5.2.25-28

G. Priyotomo, P. Sebleku, Y. Kaneno

{"title":"Pitting Corrosion of Ni3(Si,Ti) Intermetallic Compound at Various Chloride Concentrations","authors":"G. Priyotomo, P. Sebleku, Y. Kaneno","doi":"10.12777/IJSE.5.2.25-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12777/IJSE.5.2.25-28","url":null,"abstract":"The pitting corrosion of Ni 3 (Si,Ti) with 4 at% Al consisting of two regions of a Ni 3 (Si,Ti) single-phase of L1 2 structure and two phases of L1 2 and fcc Ni ss was investigated as function of chloride concentrations by using electrochemical method, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy in neutral sodium chloride solutions at 293 K. In addition, the pitting corrosion of Ni 3 (Si,Ti) and type C276 alloy were also studied under the same experimental condition for comparison. The pitting potential obtained for the Ni 3 (Si,Ti) with 4 at%Al decreased with increasing chloride concentration. The specific pitting potential and pitting potential of Ni 3 (Si,Ti) with 4at%, Ni 3 (Si,Ti) and C276 were the lowest, the moderate and the highest, respectively, which means that the pitting corrosion resistance of Ni 3 (Si,Ti) was higher than Ni 3 (Si,Ti) with 4at% Al, but lower than that of C276. A critical chloride concentration of Ni 3 (Si,Ti) with 4at% Al was found to be lower than that of Ni 3 (Si,Ti). The Pitting corrosion of Ni 3 (Si,Ti) with 4at% Al occurred in the two phase mixture (L1 2 + Ni ss ).","PeriodicalId":14209,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12777/IJSE.5.2.25-28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66724853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2