{"title":"An RF-telemetry system with shape memory alloy microelectrodes for neural recording of freely moving insects","authors":"S. Takeuchi, I. Shimoyama","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893833","url":null,"abstract":"A radio frequency (RF) telemetry system with a shape memory alloy (SMA) microelectrode was designed and fabricated. The total size and weight are respectively 15 mm/spl times/8 mm and 0.1 g, without a battery. Since the telemeter is small and light enough to be loaded on a small animal such as an insect with no restraint on motion, the system can be used for the neural recording of a freely moving insect. The SMA microelectrode, fabricated by using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, can be easily attached to a nerve by electrically actuating the electrode structure, Moreover, it does not detach from the nerve during the insect's motion due to its clipping structure. The telemeter can transmit signals by frequency modulation (FM) transmission at 80/spl sim/90 MHz. The transmitted signals can be received up to about 16 m away from the telemeter with a high S/N ratio. The neural activity can be detected without attenuation by using an instrumentation amplifier with its input impedance set to 2 M/spl Omega/ at 1 kHz. The telemeter was loaded on a cockroach and the neural activity during a free-walk is measured through this telemetry system.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130691861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuous and pulsed microwaterjet in ophthalmology","authors":"N. Smith-Guerin, M. Bétemps, A. Jutard","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893772","url":null,"abstract":"At the present time, visual recovery after a penetrating keratoplasty is relatively poor. This is caused by the techniques and tools used to perform this operation. In order to improve these results the authors propose a new cutting tool for the cornea. This paper explains the surgery, the reasons of its limitations and some techniques proposed to improve the results as well. Then the device used to carry out the authors' trials and the method followed to perform the cuts with the microwaterjet are presented. Then results obtained in different conditions with continuous and pulsed microjets are discussed and compared to trephine and laser methods thanks to a histological study. The authors determined 20 bars pressure and 0.30 mm diameter is the best compromise to be used with the continuous microjet and 20 bars pressure and 0.36 mm diameter with pulsation frequency of 80 Hz the best one for pulsed microjet. Also, the authors showed microwaterjet doesn't create damage to the tissue (contrary to laser treatment), allows one to obtain quasi-straight edges of cut (contrary to using trephine) but generates a hydration put in order by the tissue.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130962656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tracking a protozoon using high-speed visual feedback","authors":"H. Oku, I. Ishii, M. Ishikawa","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893761","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of biotechnology, it becomes more important to observe motile microorganisms for research. It is difficult to observe living motile microorganisms through microscope because they can easily go out from the field of view of the microscope. Therefore, instruments that track objects in the field of view are important. To track motile microorganisms, visual feedback by an image sensor has an advantage. However, the frame rate of most conventional vision systems (NTSC 30 [Hz]/PAL 25 [Hz]) is too slow for visual feedback to track them. In this study, the authors develop a new instrument to track motile microorganisms using high-speed vision system-CPV system. The high-speed vision system can get and process images in approximately 1 [ms]. Experimental result demonstrates visually tracking a living paramecium in the field of view of the microscope is succeeded.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"76 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120919355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning from nature-polymer surfaces with a nano structure that utilise the Lotus-Effect and clean themselves","authors":"M. Oles, E. Nun, G. Dambacher, B. Schleich","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893798","url":null,"abstract":"The Lotus-Effect(R) research project is dedicated to the vision of producing self-cleaning surfaces. The principle of self-cleaning surfaces was discovered by Prof. Barthlott (1997), a botanist from Bonn, Germany. Barthlott researched the Lotus-Effect(R) of the lotus flower's leaves, which are self-cleaning due to their rough, wax-covered surfaces that enable them to bead off water, as off of a glowing hotplate. The secret of the so-called Lotus-Effect(R) is the rough surface structure of the leaves, which prevents dirt adhering to them. In addition, the surface of the leaves is coated with an ultra-fine layer of wax crystals which makes them water-repellent.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121603148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The thermal effects on deformation processes of the porous materials","authors":"B. Punantapong","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893822","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling of the behavior of porous media has received considerable attention in recent years due not only to its theoretical interest but also to broad technological applications concerning materials such as ceramics, composite materials, bone, and other biological tissues. However, many engineering materials contain defects in the form of cracks, voids and inclusions that can significantly affect their load carrying capabilities. Damage is easily initiates as micro-cracks around an inclusion due to the residual stresses and thermal mismatch between inclusion and matrix properties. Here, the authors are concerned with damaged materials, which due to straining are submitted to modifying microstructure processes, coalescence of voids, and microcracks. The damage phenomenon leads to a progressive deterioration of the material in the sense that its resisting capacity to subsequent loading is diminished. Finally, the computational significance of the model for state-update algorithms is analyzed the context of an explicit time-marching scheme.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124513160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flow of /spl lambda/-DNA in microfluidic devices","authors":"P. Shrewsbury, S. Muller, D. Liepmann","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893818","url":null,"abstract":"This research seeks to understand the behavior of biological macromolecules in microfluidic devices. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to observe the conformation of /spl lambda/-DNA macromolecules during flow through sudden expansions, sudden contractions, straight channels, and a valve. The authors' analysis indicates that both the flow patterns within the device and the device geometry can influence macromolecular structure and stability. Utilization of this type of analysis in the design of microsystems for biochemical processing is instrumental for maintaining molecular stability and for ensuring accuracy of sample analysis.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134296322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Katsura, N. Harada, T. Sato, K. Imayou, Y. Maeda, S. Matsuura, K. Hirano, K. Takashima, Y. Matsuzawa, A. Mizuno
{"title":"Stretching and cutting of a single DNA molecule","authors":"S. Katsura, N. Harada, T. Sato, K. Imayou, Y. Maeda, S. Matsuura, K. Hirano, K. Takashima, Y. Matsuzawa, A. Mizuno","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893740","url":null,"abstract":"A conventional method of DNA sequencing can determine up to 1000 base pairs at one time. A long piece of DNA should be cut up into many short DNA fragments that are suitable for DNA sequencing. These DNA fragments, however, lose their order information. If the fragments are prepared from the terminus of the long chromosomal DNA, the reorganization process can be omitted. To achieve this, a single DNA molecule should be fixed with a stretched form, and sequentially cut from the terminus to prepare fragments that keep order information. In this report, a novel stretching and cutting method for single DNA molecules are presented. The method of stretching is based on manipulation and reversible change of globular DNA molecules. The globular DNA can be easily manipulated by electrostatic force, because this transition suppresses breakdown of long DNA molecules due to shear stress accompanied with flow. A single globular DNA molecule was anchored at the tip of needle electrode of tungsten. When the globular DNA was reverted to coiled state by reducing concentrations of condensing reagents, the coiled DNA was sequentially spun from the globular DNA like a spindle. By manipulating the tip of the needle electrode, chromosomal DNA was spun and fixed on a glass surface successfully in arbitrary. To prepare s fragment from the DNA molecule stretched as previously, a method to cut DNA molecules should be developed. Since most restriction enzymes require magnesium ions for their activation, the restriction enzyme activity can be localized by controlling the local concentration of magnesium ions. The local concentration of magnesium ions can be controlled electrochemically by applying a DC voltage to a needle electrode of magnesium metal. The restriction enzyme was successfully activated only when magnesium ions were electrochemically supplied.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133840975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Perichon, P. Roussel, V. Lysenko, B. Remaki, D. Barbier, J. Tritto, G. Delhomme, A. Dittmar
{"title":"Micro-blood flow measurement using thermal conductivity micro-needles: a new CMOS compatible manufacturing process onto porous silicon","authors":"S. Perichon, P. Roussel, V. Lysenko, B. Remaki, D. Barbier, J. Tritto, G. Delhomme, A. Dittmar","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893767","url":null,"abstract":"Tissue thermal conductivity can be recorded thanks to a mini-invasive microsensor to control and/or study skin hydration, blood micro-flow within capillaries. Based on the same measurement protocol used for a previous \"hybrid-made\" microsensor, a micro-needle has been developed onto silicon using standard CMOS process. It was formed on a porous silicon based substrate which guarantees a reliable thermal insulation of the sensing elements. Sensor technological steps are presented as well as its calibration into phantoms.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116167336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Scalari, A. Eisinberg, A. Menciassi, M. Carrozza, P. Dario
{"title":"Micro instrumentation for non-invasive measurement of mechanical properties of tissues","authors":"G. Scalari, A. Eisinberg, A. Menciassi, M. Carrozza, P. Dario","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893771","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of the in-vivo measurement of mechanical properties of soft tissues, especially dermis. A new device based on the pneumatic suction of tissues and consequent deformation measurement is presented. Preliminary results on human skin characterisation are illustrated and interpreted on the basis of an appropriate visco-elastic model.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124535903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-situ adhesion studies of a single living bovine endothelial cell using MEMS sensor","authors":"C. Sager, P. LeDuc, T. Saif","doi":"10.1109/MMB.2000.893745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMB.2000.893745","url":null,"abstract":"Although previous studies of the adhesion properties of single living cells have been conducted a full understanding has still not been attained. In this article a MEMS sensor has been employed to study, quantitatively and qualitatively, the adhesion properties of a single living bovine endothelial cell. The strength of a single focal adhesion site to an extracellular matrix coated substrate is found to be 37 nN. Focal adhesion sites have been observed, in-situ, to be spaced on the order of 1 /spl mu/m intervals. A model is also proposed to describe the mechanism of detachment of a single living cell from a substrate.","PeriodicalId":141999,"journal":{"name":"1st Annual International IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Microtechnologies in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX451)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123852278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}