International Journal of Osteoarchaeology最新文献

{"title":"Cremated Bone in Archaeology: Ethical Considerations in the Excavation, Analysis, Storage, and Display of Cremated Bone in the United Kingdom","authors":"Kirsty Squires,&nbsp;Jacqueline McKinley,&nbsp;Charlotte A. Roberts,&nbsp;Trish Biers","doi":"10.1002/oa.3382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the United Kingdom, the study of archaeological cremated human remains has risen exponentially over the past three decades. Consequently, we are gaining a more rounded understanding of past communities, rather than a skewed perspective caused by an overreliance on studies of human remains from inhumation graves. Yet, ethical considerations related to the excavation, recording, analysis, storage, and display of cremated remains are not explicitly explored in the literature. This paper redresses this imbalance and explores the key ethical challenges based on the authors' professional experiences in commercial archaeology, universities, and museums. Recommendations for best ethical practice are provided and are aimed at all relevant parties who may encounter cremated bone in their place of work. Clearly, best practice can only be achieved by ensuring practitioners (including students) have appropriate ethics training, including consulting with specialists where experience of cremated human bone may be lacking within a team. The attainment of standardized ethical protocols explicitly addressing cremated remains and implementing training initiatives should be spearheaded by professional bodies. Ultimately, we hope this paper will encourage the inclusion of cremated remains in ethical discourses within archaeology, osteoarchaeology, and museology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Childhood in Precolonial South America: Breastfeeding, Infant Mortality, and Stable Isotopes Analysis in Southeastern Shell Mound Builders During the Middle Holocene (7th–5th Millennium BP)","authors":"Marina Di Giusto,&nbsp;Estelle Herrscher,&nbsp;Klervia Jaouen,&nbsp;Murilo Bastos,&nbsp;Leïa Mion,&nbsp;Veronica Wesolowski","doi":"10.1002/oa.3381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3381","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article presents and discusses isotopic data on breastfeeding, weaning, and complementary diet during early childhood in Middle Holocene southeastern Brazil. The study focuses on human individuals from two contemporaneous shell mounds, Piaçaguera (7151–5668 yBP) and Moraes (6791–5590 yBP), which show distinct patterns of infant mortality. We conducted <i>δ</i>¹⁵N and <i>δ</i>¹³C analyses on collagen extracted from subadult bones (Piaçaguera: <i>n</i> = 13; Moraes: <i>n</i> = 13) and sequential dentine slices from permanent (Piaçaguera: <i>n</i> = 7; Moraes: <i>n</i> = 11) and deciduous teeth (Moraes: <i>n</i> = 5). Our findings indicate that weaning ended between 2 and 4 years old in Piaçaguera, with complementary foods similar to the adults. At Moraes, weaning ended between 2 and 5 years old, with a higher consumption of freshwater fish during early childhood and by pregnant women. The weaning ages at Piaçaguera and Moraes align with those documented in other precolonial South American groups. However, our study suggests different dietary preferences and strategies within each group, possibly linked to distinct patterns of infant mortality, particularly evident in the Moraes group.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoarchaeological Perspectives on Socioeconomic Changes in European Iron Age Societies: Some Introductory Remarks","authors":"Simon Trixl,&nbsp;Michael Francken","doi":"10.1002/oa.3380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3380","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Across many regions of Europe, the Iron Age represented a period of significant cultural, economic, and social change. New systems of agricultural production emerged, extensive exchange networks were established, and in several areas, such as Central Europe, Middle Italy, and parts of the Iberian Peninsula, a pronounced political and economic centralization became evident.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the crucial innovations of this period was the emergence of highly organized proto-urban settlements: cycles of urbanization, subsequent de-urbanization and re-urbanization are evident in several phases of the Iron Age (e.g., Salač &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;, 69–73) and appear in various geographic areas and cultural contexts. In some cases, these developments were closely interrelated. For instance, in Central and Northern Italy, from the 9th century &lt;span&gt;bce&lt;/span&gt; onwards, urban settlements such as Verucchio and Bologna emerged, playing a vital role as political and economic centers for the surrounding micro-regions and forming part of supraregional exchange and communication networks that spanned large parts of Europe (e.g., Rondini and Zamboni &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Through these extensive communication networks, stimuli for settlement centralization and urbanization also reached Central Europe, where early Celtic princely seats emerged as central places of supraregional importance in the 7th century &lt;span&gt;bce&lt;/span&gt; (e.g., Fernández-Götz and Krausse &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). These changes in settlement structures and economic patterns were accompanied by new trends in social stratification, resulting in the establishment of an elite with dynastic structures, as evidenced by lavishly furnished burials excavated near Early Iron Age central places (e.g., Gretzinger et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). An even more comprehensive stage of Iron Age urbanization, both in terms of geographic expansion and the degree of changes in settlement patterns, became evident from the 3rd/2nd century &lt;span&gt;bce&lt;/span&gt; onwards, when large settlements of unprecedented dimensions emerged in the greater region encompassing Southern England, the Iberian Peninsula, Northern Italy, the German-Czech Central Uplands, and the Pannonian Plain. Although these agglomerations, referred to by Iron Age archaeology as &lt;i&gt;oppida&lt;/i&gt;, exhibit specific features at regional and individual levels, they were all characterized by various elements associated with urbanism, such as a high degree of internal organization, a central function for their surrounding areas, and in some cases an important role as economic distribution points (Guichard, Sievers, and Urban &lt;span&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;; Salač &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;, 65–69). This late phase of Iron Age urbanization is also to be viewed as a wide-ranging communication area, linking, among others, the Mediterranean Greco-Roman &lt;i&gt;oikumene&lt;/i&gt; with the societies of Central, Western and Northern Europe (e.g., Loughton &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;, 80–81).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This space of supraregional and transcult","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Detecting Bias in Human Archaeological Cemetery Samples","authors":"Bonnie R. Taylor,&nbsp;Marc F. Oxenham","doi":"10.1002/oa.3379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3379","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper aims to provide a methodological approach to identify potential bias in cemetery sample age-at-death distributions and provide an alternative way to report fertility despite underenumeration. The method involves comparing total fertility rate (TFR) estimates from two empirically derived models developed on a United Nations mortality and fertility dataset. The models utilize different age cohorts in their calculations (one relies on the proportion of pre-adults aged &lt; 15 years, whereas the other excludes all those aged &lt; 15 years). The tested hypothesis is that similar TFR estimates using both models indicate a relatively unbiased sample, although the converse would suggest cemetery sample bias in one broad age cohort. Results comparing the respective TFR estimates from D0–14/D and D15–49/D15+ models confirm that fertility estimates are comparable for unbiased samples. From this, a method for the coordinated application of the D0–14/D and D15–49/D15+ models were found to be valid in determining if a cemetery sample was biased. Following the determination of potential underrepresentation, an approach is outlined for dealing with biased and unbiased cemetery samples in terms of reporting on demographic variables such as TFRs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An “Invisible” Child—A Case of a Child With Anthropogenic Modification Marks and Pathological Conditions in Early Neolithic China","authors":"Rong Fan,&nbsp;Xingtao Wei,&nbsp;Juzhong Zhang,&nbsp;Minghui Wang","doi":"10.1002/oa.3368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this preliminary study, we present a unique and rare case of a child with anthropogenic modification marks on his/her skeletal remains and pathological conditions that may be related to malnutrition. This child's remains were discovered at the Jiahu site. It is a relatively early Neolithic site located in northern China dated to circa 7000–5000 <span>bc</span>. The child was estimated to be around 8–10 years old. His/her remains were placed in a concealed way with grave goods, including a bone flute. The burial where the child was uncovered is in close proximity to two unique archeological features, including a large multiple commingled burial and a pit containing turtle shell rattles and a fork-shaped bone tool. All these objects and bone flutes are considered as ritual paraphernalia by many scholars. Six groups of anthropogenic modification marks are documented on the child's left femur and both tibiae. Four of the groups of marks are located close to joints and the other two are on the shafts. Five groups of the thin, straight, and shallow grooves are at a transverse angle, which suggests possible excarnation actions. The context along with the marks and the child's pathological condition is indicative of a ritual setting or a ritual practitioners' mortuary practices that may have been associated with the child's underlying diseases or preparation for making bone tools, even though the intentions behind such unique mortuary practices may never be conclusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allocation of Scattered Teeth From a Batavia 1629 Communal Grave","authors":"Robert Bower,&nbsp;Stephen Knott,&nbsp;Deb Shefi,&nbsp;Corioli Souter","doi":"10.1002/oa.3375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3375","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When the Dutch ship <i>Batavia</i> wrecked in 1629 on Morning Reef in the Houtman Abrolhos Islands off the coast of Western Australia, most of the passengers and crew survived the wreck, but about 200 of the survivors later perished on and around Beacon Island where they had landed after the wreck. As many as 81 bodies may be buried on Beacon Island and 21 bodies have been excavated to date. During the 2017–2018 excavations, seven of the buried individuals were excavated from a communal grave. During the excavation, 18 teeth were found scattered in the soil around the bodies. A systematic method is presented to allocate isolated teeth to their appropriate skeleton using tooth morphology and tooth wear as the primary criteria for allocation. Tooth wear must be similar to the adjacent and opposing dentition before the tooth is considered for allocation. If the wear is similar, the tooth is gently fitted into the proposed tooth socket. The fit of the tooth in the tooth socket is visually assessed, and if close, the tooth is radiographed in situ to confirm the allocation. Each separated tooth must be tested in all the sites to which it is appropriate. If a tooth fits more than one site, it cannot be allocated. Use of this method allowed allocation of 10 separated teeth in 28 possible sites. The possible cause of the separation of teeth from the skeleton is discussed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Only photos on my best side, please! Implications of bilateral asymmetry of the iliac auricular surface in non-adult individuals for sex estimation","authors":"Álvaro M. Monge Calleja,&nbsp;Claudia M. Aranda,&nbsp;Leandro H. Luna","doi":"10.1002/oa.3361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to address the overlooked effect of bilateral asymmetry for sex estimation in non-adult paired bone structures. Using a recently developed method, disparities between right and left iliac auricular surfaces (AuSs) were quantified, also verifying the effectiveness between sides regarding the percentages of cases correctly assigned. A sample of 418 AuSs belonging to 209 individuals aged 5 gestational months to 18 years (113 males and 96 females) from the Coimbra, Lisbon, and Granada Identified skeletal collections, were studied. They were grouped into two large age cohorts (<b>≤</b>12 y.o. and 12.1–18 y.o.) based on the onset of menarche. The significant and distinct hormonal fluctuations between sexes in <b>≤</b>2 y.o. individuals compelled an additional separation. Locomotion issues also imposed grouping individuals for comparison in non-bipedal (<b>≤</b>1 y.o.) and those who were still achieving emerging gait milestones (1.1–6 y.o.). Overall agreements between sides, sexes, age cohorts, and morphometric variables were compared using Cohen's κ and intraclass correlation coefficients, while chi-square and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were applied for statistically significant evaluation. Asymmetry directionality was calculated through standardized directional and total asymmetry scores. Slight asymmetries between sides were identified, becoming the pre-pubertal left AuS more useful for non-adult female sexing. Metric variables work better in males, possibly due to the higher variability found in females. Both sexes display a marked age-related change in asymmetry during puberty (12.1–18 y.o.), with a predominance of the right side in females and of the left side in males. Possible explanations for the identified pubertal abrupt shifts are discussed considering the various developmental biomechanical milestones. This pioneering study reinforces the complexity of somatic growth and development that characterizes non-adult phenotype, calling for further refinement of sexing methods considering bilateral asymmetry, and for complementary studies that deepen the study of dextralization and its repercussions in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Open-Access Method Applying GIS Techniques to the Study of Slicing, Scraping, and Tooth Marks","authors":"Eboni Westbury,&nbsp;Sofia Samper Carro","doi":"10.1002/oa.3378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3378","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study of bone surface modifications (BSMs) offers a window into behaviors and subsistence strategies adopted by ancient hominins. Geospatial software have become valuable tools for BSM analysis, facilitating the spatial recording and visualization of these modifications. This study introduces an innovative and accessible workflow that leverages the power of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for BSM analysis while sidestepping the limitations of proprietary software. By employing Quantum GIS (QGIS) software, this approach democratizes the analytical process and expands its potential applications. This workflow was applied in an experimental study to record slicing, scraping, and tooth marks on Tasmanian wallaby tibiae. Subsequently, a comprehensive statistical analysis was performed using the open-access PAST software. The results yielded distinct spatial distribution patterns associated with the three types of BSMs. The key findings underscore that different butchery and consumption actions produce discernible spatial patterns on the bone surfaces, substantiated by nearest neighbor analyses. A critical aspect illuminated by the linear discriminant analysis was the variation in classification success rates. This nuanced perspective reveals that although certain BSMs exhibited consistently high classification success rates, others displayed varying success rates. This variation underscores the intricate nature of BSM interpretation and the need for a comprehensive analytical approach that integrates both spatial and morphological characteristics. In addition to its scientific contributions, this study also sheds light on practical considerations. The creation of bone templates for QGIS analysis was noted as a time-consuming task. However, this limitation could be mitigated by collaborative efforts to build a shared digital library of skeletal templates, transforming the workflow into a more streamlined process. In sum, this study not only presents an innovative method for slicing, scraping, and tooth mark analysis using open-access GIS but also emphasizes the method's potential applications and its role in advancing our understanding of past human behaviors.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition Between Two Worlds: Morphological Continuity in Iron Age Cattle, Pig, and Sheep Populations (800–50 bc) of the Rhône Valley (France)","authors":"Michaël Seigle","doi":"10.1002/oa.3377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3377","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Rhône valley is an important contact point between the Mediterranean and Northern Europe. In Iron Ages (800–50 <span>bc</span>), it was an area of circulation between different material and cultural worlds, where different practices and cultures met. In this particular context, archeozoological studies can offer a different view of these questions of exchange and potential influence, by approaching the issues of food and animal husbandry. This study seeks to approach this question through the prism of animal morphology, the result of a selection of morphotypes by breeders, notably cattle, pig, and sheep, the most common species in the region at the time. Thanks to the log size index method, a certain stability can be demonstrated in pig and cattle morphology over time and space, as well as a slow homogenization of their sizes, which is really visible at La Tène D (125–50 <span>bc</span>). Sheep show a specific pattern with a notable high increase during La Tène C (250–125 <span>bc</span>). Comparison with data from other parts of the Mediterranean world would suggest that the development of local morphotypes owes little or nothing to the influence of Mediterranean breeding practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Powder and Wild Plants: Subsistence Strategies of Early Neolithic Settlers in North China","authors":"Xingtao Wei,&nbsp;Yibin Sun,&nbsp;Jindou Li,&nbsp;Xiaohu Zhang,&nbsp;Yongge Sun,&nbsp;Tianxing Cui","doi":"10.1002/oa.3376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3376","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture is a major turning point in human history. In North China, although crops were cultivated as early as 10,000 BP, they only became staple foods with the establishment of a fully functional agricultural system between 6000 and 5000 BP. Thus, exploring the subsistence strategies of this transitional period is crucial for understanding how hunter-gatherers gradually evolved into farmers. The Peiligang culture (<i>c</i>. 9000–7000 BP) is one of the most significant early Neolithic cultures in this region. In this study, we investigated the crust residues from the pottery <i>Ding</i>-tripods (鼎) dating to the middle Peiligang culture (8800–8200 cal <span>bp</span>) at the Xielaozhuang site using a multidisciplinary approach that includes FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, and starch granule analyses. Our results indicate that a mixture containing bone powder, Panicoideae, Triticeae, and acorns was prepared in these pottery <i>Ding</i>-tripods. This finding represents one of the earliest known uses of bone powder globally, contributing valuable insights to the ongoing debate regarding fragmented bone assemblages and bone grease extraction. Moreover, combined with macrobotanical and zooarchaeological data, our findings suggest that agriculture had not yet fully supplanted hunting and gathering, as wild plants and animals continued to play a critical role in the diet at the Xielaozhuang site during the Peiligang culture. The use of bone powder alongside wild plant starches illustrates how these early communities invested significant time and effort into transforming inedible resources into consumable food, a strategy crucial for obtaining sufficient calories to sustain a sedentary lifestyle, especially during periods of resource scarcity. These insights illuminate the subsistence strategies of early Neolithic societies transitioning from reliance on hunting-gathering to more settled practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}