International Journal of Osteoarchaeology最新文献

{"title":"Urban Consumption of Thrushes in the Early Roman City of Pollentia, Mallorca (Spain)","authors":"Alejandro Valenzuela","doi":"10.1002/oa.3416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3416","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Roman city of Pollentia (Mallorca, Western Mediterranean), an exceptional zooarchaeological assemblage was recovered from a cesspit dated between the first century <span>BC</span> and the first century <span>ad</span>. The structure, situated in a commercial area adjacent to the forum, was connected to a food shop (<i>taberna</i>) via an underground drainage system used for waste disposal. The faunal remains from the cesspit include mammals, fish, reptiles, and birds, with song thrushes (<i>Turdus</i> cf. <i>philomelos</i>) constituting the most abundant avian species. The unique depositional context and zooarchaeological indicators, such as skeletal part representation, provide valuable insights into the preparation and consumption of these small birds. This evidence suggests that thrushes were commonly sold and consumed in Roman urban spaces, challenging the prevailing notion based on written sources that thrushes were exclusively a luxury food item for elite banquets. The study offers new perspectives on the role of street food and everyday culinary practices in the Roman Mediterranean.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Young Woman From the Fifth Millennium BCE in Chega Sofla Cemetery With a Modified and Hinge Fractured Cranium, Southwestern Iran","authors":"Mahdi Alirezazadeh,&nbsp;Hamed Vahdati Nasab","doi":"10.1002/oa.3415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3415","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excavations at the Chega Sofla Cemetery in southwestern Iran, fifth millennium <span>BCE</span>, revealed intentionally modified skulls, including BG1.12, a young woman with cranial binding and hinge fractures. Cranial bandaging changes the morphology of the skull, which affects biomechanics. Based on these factors, this study investigated fractures and objects involved in trauma. The impact fractured both the left parietal and frontal bones. CT scan images and various sectional slices of BG1.12 were used for analysis. This method obtained detailed insights into changes in cranial bone thickness, the nature of skull fractures, and deposits within the cranial vault. The fractured bones remained connected, and the lack of evidence for bone remodeling and regular deposits within the cranial vault suggests that the fracture occurred perimortem. The severity of the impact can be seen as a triangular fracture along the sagittal border of the left parietal bone. According to CT scan analysis, the fracture was caused by an object that did not penetrate the cranial vault or have sharp edges. According to observations, an object with broad edges severely fractured the cranium of this young woman during the final moments of her life.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birds of Trade: Availability of Water Birds and Bird Products During Medieval and Early Modern Period in the Baltic Sea","authors":"Hanna Kivikero","doi":"10.1002/oa.3405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3405","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bird bones are generally scarce in zooarchaeological assemblages in the medieval and early modern period from Finland and Sweden. To obtain new information on bird products and the role of water birds in the Baltic Sea during this period, zooarchaeological assemblages and historical documents were studied from these two countries. The aim is to identify chronological and regional differences and similarities in the materials and understand if there is different evidence of historic utilization of water birds in the Baltic Sea area than zooarchaeological evidence suggests. The materials show that ducks were found in most environments compared to other species found mainly in coastal regions. High frequencies of water birds were identified in the central part of the Baltic Sea, on the Åland Islands. Relatively large frequencies were also identified in nearby Stockholm and Lake Mälaren area. Historical documents from the early 17th century suggest that trade in water birds, specifically common eiders, long-tailed ducks, velvet scoters, and mergansers, was conducted from the archipelago area around Stockholm and from the Åland Islands. The zooarchaeological assemblages suggest that this trade had been ongoing for centuries before it was documented in the administrative records.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secular Changes in Craniofacial Morphology Over the Last 2000 Years in Milan, Italy","authors":"Lucie Biehler-Gomez,&nbsp;Daniele Maria Gibelli,&nbsp;Lucrezia Rodella,&nbsp;Giorgio Manzi,&nbsp;Cristina Cattaneo","doi":"10.1002/oa.3414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to analyze secular changes in craniofacial morphology over 2000 years in Milan, examining variations in cranial dimensions across historical periods and between sexes. It utilizes standard anthropometric techniques to provide insights into the evolution of craniofacial morphology within this urban population. The study includes 213 crania from five historical periods, with 29 craniofacial measurements selected based on established bioarchaeological practices. These measurements are commonly used in bioarchaeological and forensic anthropological research, as outlined in standard data collection procedure manuals. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, z-scores, and post hoc comparisons, were performed to identify significant temporal changes and sex-specific differences in cranial dimensions. Significant secular changes were detected in eight craniofacial measurements: Maxillo-Alveolar Breadth, Foramen Magnum Breadth and Length, Biasterionic Breadth, Orbital Breadth, Parietal Chord, Cranial Base Length, and Bimaxillary Breadth. Variations between sexes were noted, with Biasterionic Breadth showing significant change in females, and Foramen Magnum Breadth, Orbital Breadth, and Bimaxillary Breadth in males. Post hoc analyses highlighted shifts in cranial dimensions from the Roman to the Contemporary era, suggesting consistent trends towards broader foramen magnum and midface dimensions over time. This study is the first to comprehensively document craniofacial morphological changes across all major historical periods in Milan, revealing significant diachronic trends likely driven by environmental, cultural, and demographic factors. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of cranial morphology as it adapts to changing lifestyles and conditions, reflecting Milan's complex history of biological and cultural transformations. Further research is needed to corroborate these trends and explore their underlying causes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Antemortem Malaligned Femoral Fracture in a Pre-Colonial Southern African Hunter-Gatherer/Herder","authors":"Siwaphiwe Mfengu,&nbsp;Calvin Gerald Mole,&nbsp;Victoria Elaine Gibbon","doi":"10.1002/oa.3372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3372","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Physical trauma has significant ramifications on a person's way of life depending on social structure and access to support. Understanding trauma for past people is valuable for assessing the impact of trauma on mobility, functionality, and social integration of individuals. The Holocene Later Stone Age (LSA) is a significant period in southern Africa and was dominated by hunter-gatherers and herders. A case of antemortem femoral trauma in a precolonial hunter-gather/herder from the Nama-Karoo in South Africa was assessed. Using macroscopic examination, photographic documentation, and radiographic analysis, an osteobiography was constructed showing the person was male, aged 35–49 years-at-death. The individual has a malaligned, healed oblique fracture to the proximal third of the femoral diaphysis. The malalignment resulted in shortening and medial rotation (~90°) of the distal femur. Due to the risk of complications and impairment, this individual would have required care, particularly in the early stages of healing post injury. The degree of healing indicates a level of care provision and assistance to ensure their survival and ability to maintain a role within the community. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of life ways for southern African hunter-gatherers and herders (sAHGH) highlighting importance of care and social support in mitigating the effects of trauma during the LSA. Further research is recommended to explore healthcare systems and expand the understanding of trauma for sAHGH.</p>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 4","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/oa.3372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chicken Consumption in Three Early Modern (17th–19th Century) Cities in Japan","authors":"Kai-hsuan Hsu,&nbsp;Masashi Maruyama,&nbsp;Masaki Eda","doi":"10.1002/oa.3410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) were introduced to Japan in the middle Yayoi period (fourth to third centuries <span>BCE</span>), but widespread consumption did not occur until the Edo period (17th to 19th centuries) based on historical documents and archaeological material. To clarify how chicken consumption became popular in early modern Japan, this study analyzed bird remains recovered from sites in three cities: Edo (early modern Tokyo), Nagasaki, and Osaka. We focused on temporal changes and regional differences in the frequency of chicken bones and the growth stages and sex ratios of chickens targeted for consumption. Our findings revealed that the most frequently consumed birds in Edo City during the 17th and 18th centuries were wild ducks and geese. Chicken consumption increased in the Edo period during the 19th century, particularly in samurai residences. By contrast, chicken consumption was popular among the townspeople in Nagasaki and Osaka and among Dutch merchants in Nagasaki since the 17th century. At the former residences of samurai and townspeople in Edo City and Osaka, most of the chickens consumed were male, mature birds, with an increase in the consumption of hens and juvenile chickens in Edo City by the 19th century. Conversely, juvenile chickens and hens were consumed more frequently in Nagasaki than in other cities since the 17th century. These findings suggest regional differences in the spread of chickens as part of the diet consumption and the age and sex of the birds consumed in early modern Japan.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT Examination Reveals a Possible Case of Otosclerosis in an Early Bronze Age Individual From Poland","authors":"Magdalena Kozerska,&nbsp;Anita Szczepanek,&nbsp;Paweł Jarosz,&nbsp;Jacek Tarasiuk,&nbsp;Sebastian Wroński,&nbsp;Katarzyna Konieczny,&nbsp;Aleksandra Sobolewska","doi":"10.1002/oa.3411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3411","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Contemporary imaging techniques, particularly micro–computed tomography, enable detailed visualization and analysis of pathological changes in skeletal remains. This study examines the right temporal bone of a male individual from the Early Bronze Age Mierzanowice culture (2200–2000 <span>bc</span>), discovered in southeastern Poland. Macroscopic analysis revealed significant unilateral enlargement of the right petrous part and mastoid process. The aim of our study was to identify the underlying condition using high-resolution micro–computed tomography imaging. Scanning with a Nanotom 180 N device (30-μm-slice thickness) revealed substantial structural destruction of the otic capsule, consistent with a diagnosis of otosclerosis. The mastoid process was notably widened, with a clearly visible Koerner's septum. Comparative analysis with a nonpathological reference bone and the absence of systemic skeletal changes helped to rule out differential diagnoses such as osteogenesis imperfecta, otosyphilis, and Paget's disease. Micro–computed tomography provided exceptional insight into the internal architecture of the temporal bone, revealing detailed features associated with otosclerosis, including a hypodense focus in the region of the fissula ante fenestram and the “double ring sign” of the cochlea. These findings underscore the diagnostic power of micro–computed tomography in paleopathology and its potential to uncover subtle yet significant ancient diseases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Biomechanical Consequences of Leg Amputation in a Warring States Individual (2200 BP) From the Frontier of Northern China","authors":"Ruiqi Zou,&nbsp;Haiyang Xing,&nbsp;Min Yi,&nbsp;Yuran Niu,&nbsp;Muqier He,&nbsp;Quanchao Zhang,&nbsp;Qian Wang","doi":"10.1002/oa.3409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3409","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leg amputation leads to irreversible limb loss and physical impairments, which requires local and systemic skeletal adaptations. The functional morphology of amputees in antiquity has not been systematically investigated. In this study, an individual with signs of lower limb amputation who lived 2200 years ago during the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was assessed using functional morphological approaches. The skeleton demonstrated functional morphological adaptations both locally and systematically. Bone thickness and enthesis changes of the amputated leg had signs of atrophy, indicating functional decline and prolonged disuse after the amputation. After amputation, the individual relied on his upper limbs for balance and support. Besides, the individual experienced considerable lumbar strain attributable to his postamputation lifestyle and compensatory movement patterns. The reason for amputation might be penal in a military setting. These findings reveal adaptive mechanisms of limb function and the challenges faced by amputees, offering insights into the consequences of such procedures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable Isotope Analysis Combined With ZooMS Reveals the Subsistence Strategies at Wupu Cemetery in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China","authors":"Li Liu,&nbsp;Nuoyang Sun,&nbsp;Enguo Lyu,&nbsp;Huiyun Rao,&nbsp;Bin Han,&nbsp;Hongen Jiang,&nbsp;Yimin Yang","doi":"10.1002/oa.3408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3408","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the 2nd millennium <span>bce</span>, domestic ruminants were introduced to the eastern Tianshan Mountains (ETM) of Xinjiang, China, leading to the emergence of settled pastoralism and agro-pastoral economy. Since around the early Iron Age (1000 <span>bce</span>), the nomadic pastoral culture arose in this area. However, how this process influenced the diet of ancient people in the transitional period during the Bronze–Iron Age, and the resilience to adapt to different natural environments still needs further study. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses are performed on human hairs (<i>n</i> = 18), wools (<i>n</i> = 6), leathers (<i>n</i> = 3), and millet seeds (<i>n</i> = 5) from Wupu cemetery, dating to 3000–2400 cal BP in Hami basin, ETM. Three leather samples are identified as sheep or cattle by zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry. The δ¹³C divergence between wool samples (−20.0 ± 1.3‰) and cattle leather (−15.3‰ and −9.6‰) suggests a compound feeding strategy of sheep grazing in the natural environment and cattle raising in pens. The result of human hairs (δ¹³C = −16.7 ± 1.6‰, δ¹⁵N = 12.3 ± 1.6‰) indicates a subsistence strategy of C₃/C₄ mixed agriculture integrated with pastoralism at Wupu. Then, we collected δ¹⁵N values of domestic herbivores (<i>n</i> = 120) at low and high altitudes in the ETM as baselines to calculate human-herbivore δ¹⁵N offsets at different altitudes. The results show that a certain percentage of individuals with an offset value below 3‰ are present in all low-altitude sites dominated by agro-pastoralism. However, in the high-altitude sites dominated by nomadic pastoralism, there are no such individuals. Thus, human-herbivore δ¹⁵N offset values may have great potential to differentiate different lifestyles in the Eurasia steppe, where herbivores are the dominant domestic animals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Isotope Analysis Reveals Human Millet-Based Diets and Limited Mobility in the Central Plains of China ca. 5000 Years Ago","authors":"Xueye Wang,&nbsp;Doudou Cao,&nbsp;Wanfa Gu,&nbsp;Qingli Wei,&nbsp;Xianglong Chen,&nbsp;Ruojing Zhang,&nbsp;Lanpo Ding,&nbsp;Zihua Tang,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Teng,&nbsp;Tianyi Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxing Zou,&nbsp;Yujie Qiu,&nbsp;Qiaomei Fu,&nbsp;Haibing Yuan","doi":"10.1002/oa.3407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.3407","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Unlike the unification of the Miaodigou culture, the late Yangshao period in the Central Plains of ancient China is marked by regional cultural diversity and external influences, necessitating more research into human subsistence and mobility patterns during this period. However, there has been a long-time lack of direct evidence for the mobility of Yangshao populations. The present study, therefore, aims to address this gap by reconstructing human dietary practices and mobility over 600 years (~3500–2900 <span>bc</span>) at the Qingtai site in the Central Plains, using a direct radiocarbon dating alongside strontium, carbon, and nitrogen isotope analyses of human remains. Our findings reveal a consistent millet-based diet and stable pig-based protein sources, with minimal dietary variation over time. Additionally, this study provides the first strontium isotope data for the late Yangshao period to date, which might suggest limited human mobility during this period. We infer that the stability of the self-sufficient millet-based economy and sedentary lifestyle not only supported population growth but also contributed significantly to the development of social complexity and economic stability during the late Yangshao period in the Central Plains.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14179,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteoarchaeology","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}