International journal of exercise science最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Load Mass and Distribution on Heart Rate, Perceived Exertion, and Accelerometer Measured Physical Activity During Running.","authors":"Sean Hagstrom, Scott A Conger, Jeremy A Steeves","doi":"10.70252/CVKT2704","DOIUrl":"10.70252/CVKT2704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many tactical athletes (military and emergency personnel) have fixed load carriage occupational requirements. Understanding the effects of running with common military \"fighting loads\" (no load to approximately 18 kg) on heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE), and measuring it with accelerometers has implications for training and ensuring physical readiness of recruits. Eleven (7 male and 4 female) civilians (21.5±2.3 years, 1.83±0.09 m, and 80.7±18.5 kg) completed four, 5- minute running (8.05 kph) conditions: no external load, rifle carriage (3.5 kg), pack carriage (13.6 kg), and rifle/pack carriage (17.1 kg) in random order, while HR, RPE, and hip worn ActiGraph accelerometer step cadence, and activity counts per minute (CPM) were collected. One way 4-level analysis of variance or Friedman test explored the condition main effect on HR, RPE, step cadence, and CPM. Pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction determined which conditions differed from each other. HR and RPE significantly differed (p < 0.001) by load condition. No external load had the lowest HR and RPE (HR=141.8 bpm, RPE=9.4), while rifle/pack carriage had the highest (HR=160 bpm, RPE=14.8). However, rifle carriage (HR=153.7 bpm, RPE=12.3) elicited similar physiological responses as pack carriage (HR=155.0 bpm, RPE=13.6). Step cadence was equal across conditions, but CPM decreased as loads increased. Because a lighter load carried in the hands caused similar HR and RPE response to wearing a heavier pack, recruits should practice both in preparation for military or tactical occupations. Accelerometers may be used to assess step cadence, but not the increased physiological demands of external load conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 4","pages":"929-940"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Running Shoe Cushioning: Determining the Correspondence between Subjective Assessment and In-vitro Measurement.","authors":"Bahador Keshvari, Juergen Mitternacht, Nick Schubert, Veit Senner","doi":"10.70252/KKCC7055","DOIUrl":"10.70252/KKCC7055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Running shoes, and in particular insoles, are the first interface between runners and running surface. Different insole attenuation properties may vary perception of cushioning and, accordingly, the effect on muscle adaptation. The aim of this study is to find the just noticeable difference between four insole materials, and investigate the parameters of in-vitro measurement of impact testing to predict cushioning comfort. Nineteen (n = 19) male participants were recruited from the sports center at the Technical University of Munich with a mean age of 23.89 (SD = 2.31), weight of 73.52 kg (SD =3.08), and height 178.84 cm (SD =2.81). Four insole samples, one with the highest peak acceleration (EPDM =17.9g), one with the lowest (S.Tk = 8.3g) and the two materials with middle range magnitudes (IP.GL= 11.5g and S.Tn = 12.2g), were selected to use in the subjective measurement. We used the impact testing method to evaluate the in-vitro physical properties of insoles in running shoes. In addition, two parameters of peak acceleration were measured as follows: Jolt α was calculated at a slope of between 5-20 % of inertial impact force and Jolt β was calculated at a slope of between 0-88 Newtons of inertial impact force. Participants performed six pairwise comparison tests with shoes which were equipped with one of the four insoles in a random order. A minimum 6% increase in cushioning properties, notably between 11.5g (S.Tn) and 12.2g (IP.Gl), was discerned through the paired tests. In simpler terms, participants were able to detect a mere 0.7g as the just noticeable difference. In addition, our findings revealed that an increase of Jolt α and Jolt β resulted in a reduction in perception of comfort. There was a negative and significant correlation between Jolt α and perceived cushioning and, similarly, between Jolt β and perceived cushioning r (10) = -0.93, p = 0.00001. No correlation was found between peak acceleration and cushioning comfort (p = 0.1). These discoveries may facilitate a better understanding of how human adaptation can occur with different cushioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 1","pages":"902-915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variables Associated with the Effectiveness of Ball Possession in At-Home Futsal Matches.","authors":"Márcio A Rinaldo, Edirley G DE Souza, Karina A Silva, Bruno M Fidelis, Tarlyson R DE Angelis, Paulo C Cardoso, Vinícius F Milanez, Solange DE Paula Ramos","doi":"10.70252/GNUR9153","DOIUrl":"10.70252/GNUR9153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to identify contextual situations (score, game time, the interaction between teammates and opponents, start and restart plays) that increase the odds ratio of maintenance of ball possession and scoring a goal. Twenty professional futsal players were evaluated in seven home official matches. The games were filmed to analyze the offensive actions. In total, 828 attacking plays were analyzed. The absence of defensive pressure from the opponent resulted in a greater odds ratio (OR) for loss of ball possession (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.7 to 2.2), but also increased total effectiveness (OR = 6.5; 95%CI = 2.2 to 19.5). The received fouls did not increase the total effectiveness (OR = 0.2; 95%CI = 0.01 to 4.2; <i>p</i> = 0.40). The court regions close to the opponent's goal area and areas where there was less defensive pressure had a higher frequency of goals (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The results demonstrated that shooting close to opponents' areas and having no defensive pressure were the situations with increased odds of goal-scoring. Maintaining ball possession per se did not increase the OR of goal scoring, however situations when shootings were performed with low defensive pressure could increase chances of goal scoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 6","pages":"916-928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Torso-Borne Loads on Functional Movement Patterns.","authors":"Kathryn S Bell, Jasmine D Brooks, Kara N Radzak, Sean W Mulvenon, Brian K Schilling","doi":"10.70252/HTJH7644","DOIUrl":"10.70252/HTJH7644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional movement patterns are an important aspect of everyday life, and a growing area of interest for determining the risk of injury and performance ability. Police, military, and fire personnel often carry torso-borne loads that increase the demands on the body while performing occupational tasks. The purpose of this study was to compare movement screen results in both a loaded and unloaded condition to identify potential effects that torso-borne body armor load carriage may have on tactical performance. This provided objective data on the effects that external loads may have on functional movement patterns. Twenty-four physically active participants (11 males, 13 females) volunteered and completed the Fusionetics™ Movement Efficiency Test (FMET) in two conditions: loaded (wearing a 13.5 kg tactical vest) and unloaded, in a counterbalanced order. Participants were video recorded performing these movements and scored later. The overall scores, on a scale of 0 to 100, showed a large, statistically significant decline in functional movement pattern quality from the unloaded to the loaded condition (12.6±7.3 points, p<.001, <i>d</i>=1.8). In the subscales, statistically significant declines (<i>p</i><.001) were seen in the 2-leg squat (<i>d</i>=0.8), push-ups (<i>d</i>=1.1), shoulder movements (<i>d</i>=2.1), and trunk movements (<i>d</i>=0.9). There was no significant effect of load on the cervical movements or 1-leg squat. Overall, torso-borne body armor loading decreased functional movement pattern quality, suggesting the potential benefit of performing loaded movement screens on tactical athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 7","pages":"975-984"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood Lactate Steady State during Interval Training: New Perspectives on Something Already Known.","authors":"Juan C Mazza, Raúl R Festa, Alvaro N Gurovich, Sebastián Jannas-Vela","doi":"10.70252/UFGU3343","DOIUrl":"10.70252/UFGU3343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to confirm that blood lactate concentrations can be maintained at moderate to high steady state values during an entire interval training (IT) session (repetitions + rest). Forty-eight trained swimmers and track athletes performed four IT protocols consisting of 6-10 bouts between 1 and 3-min at ~5-10 mmol/L blood lactate concentrations with a passive recovery of 60 to 180-sec. Performance times were measured at every bout, while blood lactate concentrations and heart rate during recovery every other bout. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparisons and r-squared for the effect size (ES). Performance times were stable throughout each IT protocol (75 ± 8 and 77 ± 5-sec [swimmers and track athletes]; 67 ± 3-sec [swimmers]; 64 ± 3-sec [swimmers]; and 135 ± 6-sec [swimmers]). Despite some minor differences (p<0.05; ES, 0.28 to 0.37, large), blood lactate concentrations were maintained stable at moderate to high values during each IT protocol (5.85 ± 1.47 mmol/L; 5.64 ± 1.03 mmol/L; 9.29 ± 1.07 mmol/L; and 9.44 ± 1.12 mmol/L). HR decreased significantly from the beginning to the end of recovery (p<0.05; ES, 0.93 to 0.96, large). In conclusion, moderate to high blood lactate steady state concentrations can be sustained for ~20 to 60-min during an entire IT session (repetitions + rest) at a stable performance. This approach can optimize performance by stimulating the metabolic demands and the pace strategy during the middle section of endurance competitive events.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 2","pages":"941-953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Resisted Sprint Training on Acceleration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Elizabeth K Aldrich, Katherine Sullivan, Jonathan E Wingo, Michael R Esco, James Leeper, Mark T Richardson, Lee J Winchester, Michael V Fedewa","doi":"10.70252/VKAV1115","DOIUrl":"10.70252/VKAV1115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resisted sprint (RS) training, such as sled or parachute towing, is commonly used for sprint training among field sport athletes. While RS training is frequently employed by athletes and coaches, there is little research on its benefits, especially compared to unresisted running (UR) training programs with similar training volumes. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of RS training on acceleration compared to UR training. Potential sources were limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English prior to June 12, 2022, and gathered from the EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science online databases identified using combinations of the following terms: <i>towing</i>, <i>sled</i>, \"<i>resisted sprint</i>,\" \"<i>sprint acceleration</i>,\" \"<i>sprint performance</i>,\" and \"<i>sprint speed</i>.\" The search returned 1,159 sources, from which 15 were eligible for inclusion. Fifty effects were used to estimate the impact of RS training on initial sprint speed. Based on the cumulative results from these studies, RS training yielded a small improvement in acceleration but was not different from same volume of UR training (Hedges' d Effect Size=0.11, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.23; p=0.08). These results do not support the use of RS training over UR training for improving initial sprint speed; however, further research should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 6","pages":"986-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foam Rolling on the Whole Leg and Its Immediate Effects on Postural Control in Collegiate Female Athletes.","authors":"Andrew L Shim, Mackenzie L Melton, Vanessa Fiaud, Monica Dial","doi":"10.70252/HETT6740","DOIUrl":"10.70252/HETT6740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The maintenance of body posture relies on mechanoreceptors, suggesting myofascial release could assist postural control. The effects of this have not been well documented, providing room for this investigation. Twenty-one female athletes spent approximately 2.5 minutes foam rolling the calf and thigh muscles on one leg then repeated on opposite leg for a total of 5 minutes. Center of Pressure (CoP) and Limit of Stability (LoS) were assessed using a Bertec posturography plate before (pre-) and after (post-) foam rolling. CoP was measured with eyes open stable surface (EOSS), or eyes closed stable surface (ECSS) and perturbed surface both eyes open (EOPS) and eye closed (ECPS). conditions. LoS was evaluated in the Anterior, Posterior, Left, and Right Directions. A significant effect of Condition for CoP showed ECPS Condition was greatest at both pre- and post-foam rolling (p<0.001). A significant main effect of Direction (p<0.001) showed LoS was greatest in the frontal plane Directions compared to sagittal plane (p<0.01). A significant effect of Time (p<0.05) indicated LoS decreased from Pre- to Post-foam rolling (mean change = 0.569 cm). The study demonstrated that acute effects of self-myofascial release via foam-rolling of the lower extremities can influence postural control.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 1","pages":"954-964"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Cardiorespiratory Responses with Three Set-Paced Submaximal Endurance Tests in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Konrad J Dias, Renee' S Rhyne, Danielle M Callahan, Kaitlyn N Durbin, Abigail R Kasten, Jill Heitzman, Dustin R Nadler","doi":"10.70252/PYAW2914","DOIUrl":"10.70252/PYAW2914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A variety of submaximal exercise tests are commonly used in clinical practice to determine an individual's exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study explored differences in cardiorespiratory and perceived exertion responses following the completion of three set-paced exercise tests. A prospective, observational, cross-sectional design assessed 30 healthy communityd-welling older adults, who participated in three submaximal exercise tests, including seated marching (SM), standing marching (STM), and standing stepping (STS). Each test was three minutes in length and required the participant to step at a set pace. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and submaximal oxygen uptake (VO₂) were measured before and after each test. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction tested for differences. Statistically significant differences between pre and post exercise values were noted for HR, SBP, RPE and VO₂ (<i>p</i> < 0.01) between the three activities. Additionally, 3-minutes of standing stepping triggered the highest cardiorespiratory responses with a mean metabolic equivalent (MET) of 6.18 compared to seated stepping that triggered the lowest responses with a mean MET value of 1.98. The results of this study provide meaningful data on significant differences noted in cardiorespiratory and perceived exertion elicited following the completion of three set-paced stepping exercises. Based on the results, STM and STS can be categorized as moderate intensity activities, while three minutes of set paced SM is light intensity activity. Further research is warranted to validate these findings in older adults with multiple comorbidities and in those consuming cardiac medications that alter hemodynamic responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 4","pages":"1026-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running Economy Changes Alter Predicted Running Speed and Performance in Collegiate Runners.","authors":"Oluchi Ibe, Robert V Musci, Jenevieve L Roper","doi":"10.70252/GLKW8080","DOIUrl":"10.70252/GLKW8080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of the study was to determine the effect of altering running strategy on predicted running performance in distance runners through application of a novel prediction model. Fifteen male (<i>n</i> = 10; Age: 22.2 ± 4.9 years; Height: 177.7 ± 7.4 cm; Mass: 68.6 ± 6.7 kg) and female (<i>n</i> = 5; Age: 21.8 ± 4.1 years; Height: 167.4 ± 7.8 cm; Mass: 59.3 ± 8.1 kg) long distance runners were recruited to participate in the study. Participants' oxygen consumption (VO₂) and carbon dioxide (VCO₂) were measured by a metabolic cart using a face mask. After a brief warm-up, participants rested for the initial five minutes then ran at their preferred speed for five minutes. Participants rested for another five minutes while their oxygen consumption returned to baseline measurements and ran for five minutes while increasing step rate by 7.5%. There was no significant difference between conditions for VO₂ measurements and energetic cost (<i>p</i> > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the baseline, self-selected speed and predicted speed resulting from the increase in step rate <i>(p</i> > 0.05). Increasing stride rate 7.5% resulted in an average decrease in predicted running speed of 1%. While statistically insignificant, small decrements in running speed can accrue over time and negatively impact running performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 1","pages":"965-974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skills and Hills: Factors that Influence Women's and Non-Binary College Students' Decisions to Commute Via Bicycle.","authors":"Emily Dzieniszewski, Ashley N Myers, Lucas D Elliott, Melissa Bopp","doi":"10.70252/TJHG7882","DOIUrl":"10.70252/TJHG7882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>College students, who actively travel in the forms of walking and/or bicycling, have shown a wide range of physical and mental health benefits. Despite the known benefits of bicycling, participation is influenced by various demographics, including gender identity, sexual orientation, and race/ethnicity. Universities have the potential to promote active travel participation to all populations. The study aimed to understand the environmental and social factors influencing female students' decision to commute via bicycle in a university setting. A volunteer sample of female college students (n=153) were surveyed to identify common themes from the participants' responses regarding why female students do not ride a bicycle to/from campus. Participants self-reported their confidence with riding a bicycle and trips to/from campus per week by mode of transportation. The most common themes noted through open-ended responses were amount of traffic (91.1%, n=82), safety concerns (63.3%, n=57), knowledge and ownership of a bicycle (33.3%, n=30), participants' preferences (15.6%, n=14), and riding conditions (13.3%, n=12). Participants (37.9%, n=58) reported feeling \"somewhat unconfident\" with riding a bicycle in the State College area. Participants (31.4%, n=48) also reported feeling \"somewhat unconfident\" with riding a bicycle on campus. Participants reported an average of 6.06 (M=6.06; SD=6.25) weekly walking trips to/from campus as compared to 0.40 (M=0.40; SD=1.57) bicycling trips to/from campus. Female college students are less likely to commute via bicycle to/from campus compared to other groups of students. Infrastructure improvements and implementing resources, such as educational programs, bicycle shares and e-bicycles, have the potential to improve female college student active travel participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"17 8","pages":"1003-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}