International Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Stroke-like onset of calcified brain metastases with Wallerian degeneration: a case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Yejia Mo, Yinxi Zhang, Liying Zhuang, Junjun Wang, Sicheng Yan, Yaguo Li, Song Qiao, Qilun Lai","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2262107","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2262107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Metastatic brain tumors are a common complication of systemic cancer. They tend to have a chronic onset and are located at the gray-white junction of the cerebral hemispheres, those larger than 9.4 mm in diameter are often accompanied by substantial vasogenic edema. Herein, we report a rare case of calcified metastatic adenocarcinoma with Wallerian degeneration. In addition, we discuss the atypical manifestations of brain metastases.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 71-year-old man who went through stroke-like onset twice during 8 months with a history of resection of the left pulmonary adenocarcinoma 5 years prior was examined. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed an enlarged open-ring-shaped hyperintensity on the left periventricular white matter and basal ganglia, with Wallerian degeneration on the left cerebral peduncle. Brain computed tomography revealed nodular calcification of the lesion. The pathology of stereotactic biopsy indicated metastatic adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When patients present with acute nervous system symptoms and a previous history of cancer, the possibility of metastases should be considered, even if neuroimaging is atypical.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1288-1292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the severity of brain injury on secondary adrenal insufficiency in traumatic brain injury patients and the influence of HPA axis dysfunction on prognosis.","authors":"Dongping Li, Jianhui Chen, Chunfa Weng, Xiaohai Huang","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2280450","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2280450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate secondary adrenal insufficiency post varying traumatic brain injuries' and its impact on prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>120 traumatic brain injury patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe groups based on Glasgow Coma Scale. Adrenal function was evaluated through testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Secondary adrenal insufficiency rates were 0% (mild), 22.85% (moderate) and 44.82% (severe). Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction rates were 14.81% (mild), 42.85% (moderate) and 63.79% (severe). Differences among groups were significant (<i>p</i> < .05). Patients with intact hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis had shorter hospital stays and higher Glasgow Coma Scale scores. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of 24-h urinary free cortisol showed an area of 0.846, with a 17.62 μg/24h cutoff, 98.32% sensitivity and 52.37% specificity. In the low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone test, with an 18 μg/dL cutoff, the receiver operating characteristic area was 0.546, with 46.28% sensitivity and 89.39% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As traumatic brain injury severity increases, secondary adrenal insufficiency incidence rises. The low-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone test is promising for hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis evaluation. Patients with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction experience prolonged hospitalization and worse prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1414-1423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidural spinal cord stimulation can facilitate ejaculatory response in spinal cord injury individuals: a report of two cases.","authors":"Vojtech Rybka, Kristyna Sediva, Lenka Spackova, Pavel Kolar, Ondrej Bradac, Jiri Kriz","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2273772","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2273772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recovery of autonomic functions and the ability to reproduce in particular is of the highest priority to individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The potential of epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) for promoting recovery of sensorimotor functions in the chronic phase of SCI has long been studied. In recent years, several studies have emerged confirming the positive effect of ESCS also on the cardiovascular system and neurogenic bladder and bowel. However, the potential of ESCS in restoring sexual function, especially ejaculation, has not yet been addressed.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>Two cases of people with chronic sensorimotor complete SCI in the 4th thoracic spinal segment are presented. Both men were also diagnosed with severe erectile dysfunction and anejaculation. Thanks to ESCS, Participant 1 successfully restored the ejaculatory reflex using PVS in his home environment. His outcome was subsequently verified under clinical conditions. During ESCS, Participant 1 was also able to achieve ejaculation by masturbation; moreover, he conceived a child naturally without the need for IVF. In Participant 2, we then demonstrated the same effect of ESCS on the restoration of the ejaculatory reflex when targeting the stimulation to the same spinal segment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first report on the potential of ESCS for restoring the ability to ejaculate in individuals with complete SCI. Confirmation of these results could significantly reduce the need for assisted reproduction and improve the quality of life of men after SCI in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1357-1364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50157898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carvacrol improved learning and memory and attenuated the brain tissue oxidative damage in aged male rats.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Forqani, Mahsan Akbarian, Sabiheh Amirahmadi, Mohammad Soukhtanloo, Mahmoud Hosseini, Fatemeh Forouzanfar","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2257877","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2257877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Aging is an unavoidable process in the body that is accompanied by impaired tissue homeostasis and various changes. Carvacrol has attracted considerable attention for its wide range of pharmacological activities. Therefore, this study attempted to explore the protective effect of carvacrol in aged rats.<b>Materiel and methods:</b> The aged rats were given carvacrol (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to determine the learning and memory abilities of the rats. The hippocampus and cortex samples were taken for biochemical analysis.<b>Results:</b> In comparison to young control rats, aged control rats showed learning and memory deficits. There was improvement in the Morris water navigation test and passive avoidance test performance in the treatment groups versus the aged control group. An increment in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in total thiol groups in the hippocampus and cortex samples of aged control rats in comparison to the young control group were observed. Carvacrol decreased MDA levels and increased total thiol groups in the hippocampus and cortex samples of aged rats.<b>Conclusion:</b> Carvacrol improved learning and memory in aged rats, probably through its anti-oxidation effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1242-1249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10233269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: Hyponatremia is an initial presentation of Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.","authors":"Huaxing Meng, Jing Wang, Jiaqi Hou, Ruiqin Liu, Meini Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2277666","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2277666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is often misdiagnosed or delayed because of the complex and diverse clinical manifestations, especially the atypical initial presentation. Hyponatremia can be an infrequently isolated initial presentation of NMOSD and is associated with hypothalamus involvement. Awareness of this mechanism will help clinicians to identify NMOSD early, treat it in time and improve the prognosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe a 36-year-old woman who developed repeated hyponatremia and then experienced diplopia. Serum AQP4, MOG, MBP and GFAP antibody were detected, and NMOSD was finally diagnosed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>She responded well to high-dose glucocorticoids. Sequential treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was prescribed. Two-month follow-up revealed full recovery. So far, after 10 months, the patient still has no recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For young patients, repeated hyponatremia, with or without slight fever, and no evidence of obvious infection, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serum AQP4/MOG antibody detection may be useful to determine whether there is a possibility of NMOSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1399-1402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138451449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of thymectomy on the frequencies of peripheral regulatory B and T lymphocytes in patients with Myasthenia gravis-a pilot study.","authors":"Shanshan Yu, Jingjun Yan, Yu Fang, Yan Ye, Bitao Bu","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2254922","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2254922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to investigate the relationship between the peripheral lymphocyte subset frequency and thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The frequencies of regulatory B (Breg) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral blood samples obtained from 69 patients with MG and 10 healthy controls were analyzed using flow cytometry. Serum acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AchR-Ab) were measured. Patients with MG were subdivided into pre-thymectomy, post-thymectomy, and normal thymus control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of Breg cells was significantly decreased in both the pre-thymectomy (7.92 ± 1.30%) and post-thymectomy (8.14 ± 1.34%) groups compared to healthy controls (16.02 ± 2.78%) and reduced in the exacerbation and relapse phase compared to the stable maintenance stage. The proportion of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 + CD25 + T cells and CD4 + CD25 + CD127^low/- Treg cells in MG patients were not significantly different than healthy controls. AchR-Ab titers in aggravating or recurrence patients after thymectomy were significantly higher than that of the stable remission patients (11.13 ± 0.70 and 6.03 ± 0.85 nmol/L, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The frequency of Breg cells may serve as a potential indicator of MG prognosis, while Treg cell frequency did not demonstrate the same prognostic ability. The concentration of AchR-Ab can be used as a dynamic monitoring index of disease severity in patients with MG.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1210-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10538626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated unilateral oculomotor palsy caused by pure midbrain infarction: a case report.","authors":"Zhu-Ling Chen, Shi-Guo Zhu, Rong-Pei Liu, Lu-Lu Ma, Jian Cui, Guo-Ling Zeng, Xiong Zhang, Jian-Yong Wang, Shi-Shi Huang","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2264479","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2264479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Multiple etiologies may cause oculomotor nerve palsies. Identification of different etiologies is very important for subsequent treatment. Midbrain infarction is a rare cause of oculomotor nerve palsy. <b>Materials and methods:</b> We herein present a case of isolated unilateral oculomotor paresis caused by pure midbrain infarction. <b>Results:</b> Her pupillary sphincter and inferior rectus muscles were selectively spared. The symptoms were completely relieved after two months of antiplatelet therapy. We proposed that fibers from Edinger-Westphal nucleus and inferior rectus nucleus do not course through the paramedian area of the midbrain. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our report adds to the understanding of fascicles arrangement in the midbrain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1342-1345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of concurrent occurrence of two inherited axonopathies within a family: the benefit of whole-exome sequencing.","authors":"Zahra Sadr, Mohammad Rohani, Payman Jamali, Afagh Alavi","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2260091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2260091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutations in <i>ERLIN2</i> and <i>MFN2</i> lead to the development of spastic paraplegia-18 (SPG18) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type-2A (CMT2A), respectively. These disorders are unified by the fact that both can be termed inherited axonopathies. With whole-exome sequencing (WES), more patients of neurological disorders with clinical overlaps receive a genetic result than ever before. This study describes an Iranian family who harbor mutations in <i>ERLIN2</i> and <i>MFN2</i>, simultaneously. The proband was a 73-year old man who has experienced weakness and spasticity of lower limbs since late childhood. He was diagnosed with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). His WES identified a novel homozygous variant in <i>ERLIN2</i> as well as a known heterozygous variant in <i>MFN2</i>. These variants were cosegregated with the phenotypes among the family members. His sister with a similar phenotype just carried the homozygous <i>ERLIN2</i> variant, whereas, his asymptomatic brother and daughter carried the heterozygous variant of <i>MFN2</i>. Re-evaluation of the <i>MFN2</i> variant carriers by nerve conduction study revealed that only the proband's daughter has peripheral neuropathy. Herein, using WES two distinct disease-causing variants with different modes of inheritance in <i>ERLIN2</i> and <i>MFN2</i> were detected in the proband. As expected, individuals with a defined <i>MFN2</i> variant, p.Arg468His, were asymptomatic or had a mild phenotype. The co-occurrence of such diseases, SPG18 and CMT2A, may result in the milder phenotype to be overlooked or its features considered as a part of the symptoms of other disease. Certainly, providing genetic counseling in such cases can be challenging. These cases reveal the importance of WES.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1282-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10242294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hospital-based retrospective study: early recognition of neuronal surface antibodies by clinical manifestations and CSF inflammation indicators in patients with unexplained epilepsy.","authors":"Siqi Ding, JingPing Wang, Fangfang Yang, Zhongming Cai, Yucang He","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2257868","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2257868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a lack of actual and comprehensive data on the detection rate of neuronal surface antibodies in patients with unexplained epilepsy in China. Thus, we attempted to analyze the differences in clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics, seizure types and other aspects of antibody-positive and negative patients, to identify suspected antibody-positive epilepsy patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 137 inpatients with unexplained epilepsy were consecutively included, and neuronal surface antibodies (NSAbs) were detected by serological and/or CSF evaluations. The clinical features and seizure characteristics were analyzed between the NSAb-positive and negative patients. In addition, patients were divided into four groups based on CSF and blood antibody titers. CSF cell count and protein content were analyzed in relation to antibody titers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 45 (32.8%) patients tested positive for antibodies. Multivariate analyses revealed that age, mental status changes or memory deterioration, CSF protein, CSF cell count, treatment, days of hospitalization, outcome, duration of symptoms before hospitalization, status epilepticus, and number of antiepileptic drugs were significantly associated with the NSAb-positive group and changes in inflammatory indicators in routine CSF analysis were associated with antibody titers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A relatively high proportion of patients with unexplained epilepsy have positive NSAbs. Patients with the above clinical characteristics need to be highly suspected of NSAbs positivity and should be tested for antibodies in time to assist treatment. The decrease of CSF cell count and protein content has suggestive value for the decrease of antibody titer, which should be evaluated in the follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1229-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDO-Kynurenine pathway mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation-induced postoperative cognitive impairment in aged mice.","authors":"Jian Lu, Ye Zhang, Qian Hao, Hongmei Zhou, Youming Zong","doi":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2262741","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00207454.2023.2262741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication, especially in elderly patients. It extends hospital stay, increases the mortality rate and are heavy burdens to the family and society. Accumulating research has indicated that overactivation of pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes is related to POCD andplays a critical role in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines. According to existing studies, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is potently up-regulated by inflammatory factors, tryptophan in brain is mainly catalyzed by IDO to kynurenine (KYN), KYN metabolism may contribute to the development of depressive disorder and memory deficits. Hence, this study elucidated whether IDO-Kynurenine pathway mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation-induced postoperative cognitive impairment in aged mice.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>POCD model was established in aged C57BL/6J mice by exploratory laparotomy under isoflurane anesthesia. Learning and memory were determined using Morris water maze.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data showed that IDO and kynurenine aminotransferase-II (KAT-II) mRNA in hippocampus was up-regulated, and NLRP3, caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and IDO overexpressed, KYN levels increased after anesthesia and surgery. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor (MCC950) reversed NLRP3, ASC, IL-1b and IDO overexpression, and the elevation of KYN levels. To clarify the role of IDO-Kynurenine pathway in postoperative cognitive impairment, IDO inhibitor (1-methyl-Ltryptophan 1-MT) reduced the elevation of KYN and kynurenic acid (KYNA) levels, reduction of tryptophan (TRP), as well as improved learning and memory abilities. Finally, KAT-II inhibitor (PF-04859989) reduced brain KYNA levels and restored the cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results reveal that IDO-Kynurenine pathway mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation-induced postoperative cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14161,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"1309-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41119670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}