Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.最新文献_第3页

Large Scale Co-combustion Demonstration of Electrical and Electronic Shredder Residue at the Wuerzburg Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MHKW) 维尔茨堡城市生活垃圾焚烧厂(MHKW)电气和电子碎纸机残渣大规模共燃示范

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650081

B. Bergfeldt, H. Dresch, B. Dima, M. Fisher, W. Gruettner, K. Kramer, T. Lehner, F. E. Mark, J. Vehlow

{"title":"Large Scale Co-combustion Demonstration of Electrical and Electronic Shredder Residue at the Wuerzburg Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MHKW)","authors":"B. Bergfeldt, H. Dresch, B. Dima, M. Fisher, W. Gruettner, K. Kramer, T. Lehner, F. E. Mark, J. Vehlow","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650081","url":null,"abstract":"In a controlled test campaign, a broad consortium of international stakeholders has demonstrated the effects of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment shredder residue (ESR) on the performance of a large scale municipal solid waste energy recovery combustor MHKW in Wuerzburg, Germany. The ESR was highly concentrated with electrical and electronic plastics. Three test conditions were investigated: 1) base case without additional electrical and electronic shredder residue; 2) addition of 11 weight percent ESR containing E&E plastics; 3) addition of 26 weight percent ESR with E&E plastics. The fact that some electrical and electronic equipment is already in the mixed MSW feed to many waste-to-energy plants made the testing important for the MHKW operator as well as for the local regulatory authorities (EPA). The tests investigated the effect of ESR on plant operations, air emissions (acids, organics, and metals), and ash characteristics, and on the destruction efficiencies for several chlorinated and brominated substances present in the ESR. The large scale test used 103 tons of ESR derived from 650 tons of a typical mix of information technology equipment, consumer electronics, small household appliances, and other products. The ESR was supplied by Electrocycling in Germany. The tests were successfully completed from an operational standpoint without long time delays and did not show any mechanical blockage during the test in spite of the high heating value, 23 GJ/t, of the ESR. The grate was operated at close to 90 percent throughput","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126637724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An Environmental Analysis of Injection Molding 注射成型的环境分析

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650060

A. Thiriez, T. Gutowski

引用次数: 165

Strategic Implications of Energy Policy on the Electronics Sector: Proposed Research Roadmap 能源政策对电子行业的战略影响:建议的研究路线图

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650034

R. Parkhurst, M. Blazek, F. Teng

{"title":"Strategic Implications of Energy Policy on the Electronics Sector: Proposed Research Roadmap","authors":"R. Parkhurst, M. Blazek, F. Teng","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650034","url":null,"abstract":"In California, businesses share common interests to remain globally competitive while operating in a high cost region. As the costs of energy have increased along with pressures of availability, reliability and quality power, a number of stakeholders have shown an interest in integrated energy management. The issues of most concern to these stakeholders (trade associations, companies, academic institutions, and communities) include energy efficiency, conservation, and supply management. At the same time, governments, notably the State of California, have begun to develop strategies in anticipation of long-term adverse impacts of climate change. Examples of such programs include the Silicon Valley Leadership Group's Climate Change Guiding Principles and the Sustainable Silicon Valley Energy and CO2 Working Group. These programs are discussed in the context of social, technological and economic innovation that benefits businesses, communities, energy infrastructure, and the environment. The authors propose an IEEE Environment and Electronics - Energy Research Roadmap for the purpose of closing information gasps and developing a technical framework to support integrated energy management programs","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125714978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enterprise strategies for reducing the life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of personal computers 减少个人电脑生命周期能源使用和温室气体排放的企业策略

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650025

Eric Masanet, A. Horvath

引用次数: 13

How production-theory can support the analysis of recycling systems in the electronic waste sector 生产理论如何支持对电子废物部门回收系统的分析

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650075

L. Laurin, M. Prox, A. Moeller, M. Schmidt

{"title":"How production-theory can support the analysis of recycling systems in the electronic waste sector","authors":"L. Laurin, M. Prox, A. Moeller, M. Schmidt","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650075","url":null,"abstract":"The question surrounding \"greener\" products has always been, \"at what cost?\" Several decades ago, it was assumed that the product that was easier on the environment would cost more to produce, yet would not command a higher price. Regulations, such as the European WEEE directive, and emissions trading are ways in which governments have changed the market paradigm, rewarding lower polluting manufacturers. With complex issues at stake within a production system, it becomes more difficult to measure the trade-offs between environmental benefit and economics. A modern approach in production theory of business and management economics enables this complex calculation by valuing everything in the system. This approach proposes that objects (e.g. materials) are defined as good, bad, or neutral. In transformation processes in production or recycling systems this makes it possible to distinguish stringently between the economic revenue of a process and the economic and ecological expenditures for it. Materials and energy classified as good are considered as an expense if they are used by the system and a product or revenue, if they are created by the system. This approach can be transferred to entire systems of processes in order to determine the system revenue and the system expenditure. The process can be more easily understood using material flow networks or graphs. In complex material flow systems, it becomes possible to calculate not only the costs, but also the direct and indirect environmental impacts of an individual process or system revenue (for example a product or the elimination of waste) consistently. The approach permits a stringent analysis as well as different analysis perspectives of a material and energy flow system. It is particularly suitable for closed-loop economic systems in which material backflows occur. This paper outlines how this approach can be employed in the field of e-waste management","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133225195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Automated LCA - A practical solution for electronics manufacturers? 自动化LCA -电子制造商的实用解决方案?

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650022

L. Laurin, G. Norris, M. Goedkoop

引用次数: 4

Wafer FAB exhaust management strategies

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650073

M. Sherer

引用次数: 1

Two Estimation Methods for Average Domestic Lifespan of Products 产品平均使用寿命的两种估计方法

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650100

T. Tasaki, M. Oguchi

引用次数: 3

Assessing the Landfill Disposal Implication of Discarded Electronic Equipment 评估废弃电子设备填埋的影响

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650080

Timothy G. Townsend, Stephen E. Musson

{"title":"Assessing the Landfill Disposal Implication of Discarded Electronic Equipment","authors":"Timothy G. Townsend, Stephen E. Musson","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650080","url":null,"abstract":"A major emphasis in the drive by many organizations and governments to recycle discarded electronic equipment is the concern over the fate of potentially hazardous or toxic chemicals when disposed. In the United States and other areas of the world, much of this equipment is disposed in landfills. Research conducted at the University of Florida has been used by the United States environmental protection agency (EPA) and individual states as justification for rule- or policy-making for CRT management and recently work sponsored by the EPA was published that described the hazardous waste characteristics for other electronic devices. In both of these cases, devices that contained lead were often found to be toxicity characteristic hazardous wastes (unless otherwise exempted). But additional work found that the content of the device (e.g., amount of plastic vs steel) played a large role in whether lead leached at sufficient concentrations to be hazardous. States are considering the appropriate regulatory and policy initiatives that must be undertaken to address electronic equipment. Many electronic devices are exempt from regulation as a hazardous waste, as they are generated as a result of household activities. Local and state governments are thus faced with the need to determine whether additional measures should be implemented to collect and recycle these devices. Such programs demand funding which may be in short supply in communities wrestling with funding other recycling programs. Many communities find themselves having to answer is \"what is the true risk posed by the disposal of discarded electronic devices in landfills?\" A summary of the results of the prior research and new research from the simulated landfill experiments is presented. This information provides possible implications for state or regulatory rule making and information that will give electronic equipment manufacturers a better understanding of how to assess potential impacts of new products on the disposal system","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131294570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Compliance Key Factors of the EU WEEE Directive 欧盟WEEE指令的合规关键因素

Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006. Pub Date : 2006-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650093

F. Magalini, J. Huisman

{"title":"Compliance Key Factors of the EU WEEE Directive","authors":"F. Magalini, J. Huisman","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.2006.1650093","url":null,"abstract":"Since the transposition process of directive 2002/96/EC has started - and not even finished in big countries like France, Italy or UK - each member state has transposed the directive in its own way. Legal basis of differences in transposition is the article 175 of the Treaty, and its \"minimum requirement principle\". In several cases there are also varying influences of stakeholders involved in the transposition process or lack of overview of the practical consequences of such actions. The implementation process is currently leading to great differences amongst producers, governments, retailers, recyclers, compliances schemes and other involved. Beside the impact on producer's compliance cost, differences are also leading to more or less effectiveness in performances of national systems. One of the most important aspects here is the involvement of retailers in separate collection, by means of compensation of the collection and storage costs. It is observed as a key factor in those systems, running since years (Switzerland, Sweden and Norway have high collection amounts and an extended responsibility for retail 'all for all') or just set up (Ireland). Countries with a 1:1 mechanism for retail have moderate collection amounts and basically all other countries have none or lower collection performances maybe due to the fact that the retail sector is not willing to become active as collection points","PeriodicalId":141255,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006.","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125522389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8