ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400651
Oliver Kayser, Saskia Spitzer, Marco Aras
{"title":"Improving CsOAC Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for directed Production of Olivetolic Acid through Rational Design.","authors":"Oliver Kayser, Saskia Spitzer, Marco Aras","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olivetolic acid (OA) is an essential precursor in the cannabinoid biosynthesis. It is produced through a unique interaction between the two proteins, olivetol synthase (CsOLS) and olivetolic acid cyclase (CsOAC). When the OA biosynthesis is transferred to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, olivetol (OL) is produced as a side product, even with a high enhancement of copy number of CsOAC. In order to increase the OA titer while decreasing the OL titer in S. cerevisiae, rational design was applied to CsOAC using in silico approaches such as protein-ligand docking to find potential protein variants. In vivo screening and also testing different approaches for both proteins was applied to identify the best performing variants of CsOAC. Four variants were identified that gave the desired properties. The best CsOAC variant, G82A/L92Y, resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in OA production and a shift in the ratio between the two products towards OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aptamer-based Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Yihao Huang, Guihong Lin, Sinong Liu, Mingying Chen, Chaoyong Yong Yang, Yanling Song","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer has long been a significant threat to human life and health. The advent of immune checkpoint blockade strategies has reversed cancer-induced immune suppression, advanced the development of immunotherapy, and offered new hope in the fight against cancer. Aptamers, which possess the same specificity and affinity as antibodies, are advantageous due to their synthetic accessibility and ease of modification, providing novel insights for immune checkpoint research. In this review, we outline the key aptamers currently developed for immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1 and Siglec-15. We explore their potential in therapeutic strategies, including functionalizing or engineering aptamers for covalent binding, valency control, and nanostructure assembly, as well as investigating molecular mechanisms such as glycosylated protein functions and cell-cell interactions. Finally, the future applications of aptamers in immunotherapy are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400688
Lu Liu, Yi Yang, Zhiyi Zhao, Xiaoying Li, Yian Chen, Shao-Lin Zhang, Aimin Yang
{"title":"Design and evaluation of peptide inhibitors targeting the dimerization of SARS-CoV-2 main protease.","authors":"Lu Liu, Yi Yang, Zhiyi Zhao, Xiaoying Li, Yian Chen, Shao-Lin Zhang, Aimin Yang","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seriously impacted public health. The evolutionarily conserved viral chymotrypsin-like main protease (Mpro) is an important target for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development. Previous studies have shown that the eight N-terminal amino acids (N8) of SARS-CoV Mpro are essential for its dimerization, and are used to design inhibitors against SARS-CoV Mpro dimerization. Here, we established a simple readout assay using SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining to measure inhibitory activity of N8 peptide derived from SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. To optimize its inhibitory effect, we then modified the side-chain length, charge, and hydrophilicity of the N8 peptide, and introduced a mutated Mpro recognition sequence. As a result, we obtained a series of potent peptide inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, with N8-A24 being the most efficient with an IC50 value of 1.44 mM. We observed that N8-A24 reduced Mpro dimerization with an IC50 value of 0.86 mM. Molecular docking revealed that N8-A24 formed hydrogen bond interactions with critical dimeric interface residues, thus inhibiting its dimerization and activity. In conclusion, our study not only discovers a series of peptide inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro dimerization, but also provides a promising strategy for the rational design of new inhibitors against COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400770
R Wang, W H Liu
{"title":"Amide Synthesis from Decarboxylative Coupling of Isocyanates and Carboxylic Acids.","authors":"R Wang, W H Liu","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400770","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbic.202400770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isocyanates are versatile electrophiles that can react with a wide range of nucleophiles to afford important organic structures. Although the reactions between isocyanates and alcohols, amines and organometallic reagents have been well established, the synthesis of amides through the decarboxylative condensation of carboxylic acids and isocyanates is less appreciated. In this review, the synthesis of isocyanates and its application on amide synthesis through the condensation with carboxylic acids are summarized and discussed. It is our hope that this review will attract more attention to this less mentioned transformation and inspire new developments in the fields of organic synthesis, polymer synthesis and chemical biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400497
Jesse Hudspeth, Kai Rogge, Tobias Wagner, Maximilian Müll, Dirk Hoffmeister, Bernhard Rupp, Sebastiaan Werten
{"title":"The Second Methylation in Psilocybin Biosynthesis Is Enabled by a Hydrogen Bonding Network Extending into the Secondary Sphere Surrounding the Methyltransferase Active Site.","authors":"Jesse Hudspeth, Kai Rogge, Tobias Wagner, Maximilian Müll, Dirk Hoffmeister, Bernhard Rupp, Sebastiaan Werten","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400497","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbic.202400497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Psilocybe cubensis SAM-dependent methyltransferase, PsiM, catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of psilocybin. Likely evolved from monomethylating RNA methyltransferases, PsiM acquired a key amino acid exchange in the secondary sphere of the active site, M247 N, which is responsible for its capacity to dimethylate. Two variants, PsiM<sup>N247M</sup> and PsiM<sup>N247A</sup>, were generated to further examine the role of Asn247 for mono- and dimethylation in PsiM. Herein, we present the kinetic profiles of both variants and crystal structures at resolutions between 0.9 and 1.0 Å. Each variant was crystallized as a ternary complex with the non-methylated acceptor substrate, norbaeocystin and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, and in a second complex with the cofactor analog, sinefungin, and the monomethylated substrate, baeocystin. Consistent with the inability of the variants to catalyze a second methyl transfer, these structures reveal catalytically non-productive conformations and a high level of disorder of the methylamine group of baeocystin. Additionally, both variants exhibit destabilization in the β5-β7 sheets and a conserved β-turn of the core Rossmann fold, causing 20-fold reduced substrate binding and 2-fold lower catalytic efficiency even with norbaeocystin. Our structural and kinetic analyses of the variants suggest that Asn247 is essential to allow enough space in the active site for multiple methylations while also participating in a network of hydrogen bonds that stabilizes secondary structure elements in the immediate vicinity of the active site for optimal methylation of norbaeocystin.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In vivo and in vitro Reconstitution of Biosynthesis of N-Prenylated Phenazines Revealing Diverse Phenazine-Modifying Enzymes.","authors":"Teruhito Kato, Dan Xia, Taro Ozaki, Tomoyo Nakao, Ping Zhao, Makoto Nishiyama, Taro Shiraishi, Tomohisa Kuzuyama","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400723","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbic.202400723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenazine natural products play various roles such as signal molecules, antibiotics, or electron carriers in their producer strains. Among these products, phenazinomycin and lavanducyanin, which are produced by Streptomyces species, are characterized by an N-alkyl modification. Herein, we established the biosynthetic pathways for these two phenazine natural products. Gene-disruption experiments and in vitro reconstitution of the phenazine-tailoring pathway revealed the late steps of the biosynthetic pathway of the phenazines. The class II terpene cyclase homolog Pzm1 catalyzes the cyclization reaction of farnesyl diphosphate to form monocyclic farnesyl diphosphate. Additionally, the prenyltransferase homolog PzmP functions as the N-prenyltransferase of 5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid. The flavin monooxygenase homolog PzmS catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of prenylated 5,10-dihydrophenazine-1-carboxylic acid to yield phenazinomycin. This study highlights unprecedented modification enzymes for phenazine natural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202482001
Beata Zdun, Dr. Paweł Borowiecki
{"title":"Front Cover: Vinyl 3-(Dimethylamino)propanoate as an Irreversible Acyl Donor Reagent in a Chromatography-free Lipase-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of sec-Alcohols (ChemBioChem 20/2024)","authors":"Beata Zdun, Dr. Paweł Borowiecki","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202482001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202482001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image depicts a novel “acid-washable” acyl donor, namely vinyl 3-(dimethylamino)propanoate, dedicated to a chromatography-free lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic <i>sec</i>-alcohols. The employed vinyl ester allows the synthesis of both enantiomers of a range of structurally diverse benzylic alcohols with high conversions and excellent enantioselectivity, and, most importantly, significantly simplifies enzymatic KR by eliminating a silica gel chromatographic separation, leading to a more sustainable and ecologically friendly bioprocess. More details can be found in article 10.1002/cbic.202400394 by Beata Zdun and Paweł Borowiecki. Cover image designed by Paweł Borowiecki and created by Paulina Marek-Urban.<figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbic.202482001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Feature: Photoactivated Anticancer Activity of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Naturally Occurring Flavonoids Chrysin and Silibinin (ChemBioChem 20/2024)","authors":"Jyotirmoy Dutta, Arpan Bera, Aarti Upadhyay, Ashish Kumar Yadav, Samya Banerjee, Tukki Sarkar, Akhtar Hussain","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202482002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202482002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article 10.1002/cbic.202400484 by Samya Banerjee, Tukki Sarkar, Akhtar Hussain, and co-workers highlights the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of six new mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment. Notably, complexes <b>Co5</b> and <b>Co6</b>, featuring dipyridophenazine and the naturally occurring flavonoids chrysin and silibinin, exhibit significant toxicity against cervical and lung cancer cells under visible light with low micromolar IC<sub>50</sub> values, while showing minimal toxicity in the absence of light. These complexes induce apoptosis via singlet oxygen generation following a type-II PDT pathway, displaying remarkable selectivity and biocompatibility for potential cancer PDT applications.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cbic.202482002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crown-Ether-Based Artificial K<sup>+</sup> Selective Ionic Filter.","authors":"Pengyang Xin, Zhihui Jiu, Linlin Shi, Yuqing Shu, Yufei Song, Yonghui Sun","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400789","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cbic.202400789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we have successfully synthesized bis (cholesterol-dibenzo-18-crown-6-ether)-pillar[5]arene compound 1 through a click reaction, which could spontaneously insert into lipid bilayers to form ion channel due to the membrane anchor cholesterol group and show significant transport activity of K<sup>+</sup> superior to Na<sup>+</sup>, with a permeability ratio of K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> equal to 4.58. Compound 1 two crown ether modules act as selective filters similar to natural K<sup>+</sup> channel, which are determined to 1 : 2 binding stoichiometry to K<sup>+</sup> by Job's plot and NMR titration. This structurally unambiguously unimolecule artificial channel provides ideas for constructing highly K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> selective molecular filters.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400607
Amy Barrios, Daniel T Hansen, Julian Tu, Alison W Bouck, Cheryl L Mathis
{"title":"Multipartite Fluorogenic Sensors for Monitoring Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity.","authors":"Amy Barrios, Daniel T Hansen, Julian Tu, Alison W Bouck, Cheryl L Mathis","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorogenic substrates are essential tools for studying the activity of many enzymes including the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Here, we have taken the first step toward the development of genetically encodable sensors for PTP activity using fluorescent and fluorogen-activating proteins. The Fluorescence-Activating and absorption Shifting Tag (FAST) is a small protein that becomes fluorescent upon binding to a small molecule dye. We demonstrate that FAST protein can be used as a sensor for PTP-mediated dephosphorylation of phosphorylated dye molecules. Phosphorylated 4-hydroxybenzylidene rhodanine (pHBR) is not able to bind to the FAST protein and induce fluorescence, but provides a sensitive assay for PTP activity, readily detecting 100 pM concentrations of PTP1B in the presence of FAST with a kcat value of 19 ± 1 s-1 and a KM value of 93 ± 3 µM. In addition, while phosphorylation of the C-terminal peptide of split GFP does not result in appreciable change in fluorescence of the reconstituted protein, phosphorylation of the C-terminal peptide of the split FAST protein abrogates fluorescence. Upon PTP-mediated dephosphorylation of the C-terminal peptide, the ability of the N- and C-terminal components to form a fluorescent complex with the small molecule dye is restored, leading to fluorescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}