ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400877
David Klenerman, Dorothea Böken, Yunzhao Wu, Ziwei Zhang
{"title":"Detecting the Undetectable: Advances in Methods for Identifying Small Tau Aggregates in Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"David Klenerman, Dorothea Böken, Yunzhao Wu, Ziwei Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tau, a microtubule-associated protein, plays a critical role in maintaining neuronal structure and function. However, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, tau misfolds and aggregates into oligomers and fibrils, leading to neuronal damage. Soluble tau oligomers are increasingly recognised as the most neurotoxic species, inducing synaptic dysfunction and contributing to disease progression. Detecting these early-stage aggregates is challenging due to their low concentration and heterogeneity in biological samples. Traditional methods such as immunostaining and ELISA lack the sensitivity and specificity to reliably detect small tau aggregates. Advanced single-molecule approaches, including smFRET and SiMPull, offer improved sensitivity for studying tau aggregation at the molecular level. These emerging tools provide critical insights into tau pathology, enabling earlier detection and characterisation of disease-relevant aggregates, thereby offering potential for the development of targeted therapies and diagnostic approaches for tauopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400656
Alejandra Rodríguez-Gimeno, Carles Galdeano
{"title":"Drug Discovery Approaches to Target E3 Ligases.","authors":"Alejandra Rodríguez-Gimeno, Carles Galdeano","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Targeting E3 ligases is a challenging area in drug discovery. Despite the human genome encoding for more than 600 E3 ubiquitin ligases, only a handful of E3 ligases have been pharmacologically modulated or exploited for targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies. The main obstacle for hijacking these E3 ligases is the lack of small-molecule ligands. As research into this field advances, the identification of new small molecules capable of binding to E3 ligases has become an essential pursuit. These ligases not only expand the repertoire of druggable targets but also offer the potential for increased specificity and selectivity in protein degradation. The synergy between academia and industry is key, as it combines academic expertise in fundamental research with the industrial capabilities of translating these findings into novel therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of the different strategies employed in academia and industry to the discovery of new E3 ligases ligands, showing them with illustrative cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400930
Suzanne Zoë Fisher, Heiner N Raum, Ulrich Weininger
{"title":"Proton Occupancies in Histidine Side Chains of Carbonic Anhydrase II by Neutron Crystallography and NMR - Differences, Similarities and Opportunities.","authors":"Suzanne Zoë Fisher, Heiner N Raum, Ulrich Weininger","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histidine is a key amino-acid residues in proteins that can exist in three different protonation states: two different neutral tautomeric forms and a protonated, positively charged one. It can act as both donor and acceptor of hydrogen bonds, coordinate metal ions, and engage in acid/base catalysis. Human Carbonic Anhydrase II (HCA II) is a pivotal enzyme catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. It contains 12 histidine residues: six surface exposed, two buried, three active site zinc ion ligands, and one is a proton shuttle. Comparing results from NMR spectroscopy with previously determined neutron protein crystal structures enabled a side-by-side investigation of the proton occupancies and preferred tautomeric states of the histidine residues in HCA II. Buried and zinc coordinating histidines remain in one neutral tautomeric state across the entire pH range studied, as validated by both methods. In contrast, solvent-exposed histidines display high variability in proton occupancies. While the data were overall remarkably consistent between methods, some discrepancies were observed, shedding light on the limitations of each technique. Therefore, combining these methods with full awareness of the advantages and drawbacks of each, provides insights into the dynamic protonation landscape of HCA II histidines, crucial for elucidating enzyme catalytic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400579
Yadong Wang, Long Qiu, Tianzhen Ye, Fuyuan Tan, Jie Lyu, Feize Li, Zhizhong Sun, Yuanyou Yang, Jinsong Zhang, Ning Liu, Jiali Liao
{"title":"177Lu Radiolabeled Polydopamine Decorated with Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor for Locoregional Treatment of Glioma.","authors":"Yadong Wang, Long Qiu, Tianzhen Ye, Fuyuan Tan, Jie Lyu, Feize Li, Zhizhong Sun, Yuanyou Yang, Jinsong Zhang, Ning Liu, Jiali Liao","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radionuclide therapy is expected to be a powerful tool for glioma treatment. Here, we introduce a novel nuclear nanomedicine based on polydopamine (PDA), incorporating fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) and macrocyclic chelator (DOTA) for specific cancer targeting and 177Lu labeling. The synthesized nanoradiopharmaceutical, 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-PDA-FAPI, exhibits good stability in serum, saline and PBS over 5 days. 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-PDA-FAPI shows efficient specific uptake and internalization when incubated with U87MG cells. In vivo distribution visualized prominent accumulation and long retention ability of 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-PDA-FAPI at tumor sites after local administration. Moreover, 177Lu-DOTA-PEG-PDA-FAPI has satisfactory antitumor ability without apparent toxic and side effects observed from therapy assay and H&E staining. This study highlights the feasibility of using PDA as a nanocarrier for glioma endoradiotherapy by targeting fibroblast activation protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400901
Md Kausar Raza, Arun Kumar
{"title":"Vanadium Complexes for Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Md Kausar Raza, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This minireview focuses on vanadium complexes in photodynamic therapy (PDT), particularly for their potential as mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. Vanadium's coordination versatility supports its bioactivity, showing promise in insulin-mimetic, lipid-lowering, and antitumor effects. PDT leverages these complexes' redox properties, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mitochondria to induce cancer cell apoptosis with minimal impact on healthy cells. The review covers design strategies to improve mitochondrial localization, photodynamic efficiency, and selective cytotoxicity while addressing challenges like photostability and targeting for next-gen PDT applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400795
Dongling Jia, Minhui Cui, Adeleh Divsalar, Tawfik A Khattab, Salhah D Al-Qahtani, Edwin Cheung, Xianting Ding
{"title":"Derivative Technologies of Expansion Microscopy and Applications in Biomedicine.","authors":"Dongling Jia, Minhui Cui, Adeleh Divsalar, Tawfik A Khattab, Salhah D Al-Qahtani, Edwin Cheung, Xianting Ding","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400795","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expansion microscopy (ExM) is an innovative super-resolution imaging technique that utilizes physical expansion to magnify biological samples, facilitating the visualization of cellular structures that are challenging to observe using traditional optical microscopes. The fundamental principle of ExM revolves around employing a specialized hydrogel to uniformly expand biological samples, thereby achieving super-resolution imaging under conventional optical imaging conditions. This technology finds application not only in various biological samples such as cells and tissue sections, but also enables super-resolution imaging of large biological molecules including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolite molecules. In recent years, numerous researchers have delved into ExM, resulting in the continuous development of a range of derivative technologies that optimize experimental protocols and broaden practical application fields. This article presents a comprehensive review of these derivative technologies, highlighting the utilization of ExM for anchoring nucleic acids, proteins, and other biological molecules, as well as its applications in biomedicine. Furthermore, this review offers insights into the future development prospects of ExM technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of Tanshinone Mimic conjugates for mechanism of action studies.","authors":"Giulia Assoni, Ágata Sofia Assunção Carreira, Matteo Tomiello, Pierfausto Seneci, Alessandro Provenzani, Daniela Arosio","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA binding protein (RBP) belonging to the ELAV (Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision) family, which stabilizes mRNAs and regulates the expression of multiple genes. Its altered expression or localization is related to pathological features such as cancer or inflammation. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS I) is a naturally occurring, tetracyclic ortho-quinone inhibitor of the HuR-mRNA interaction. Our earlier efforts led to the identification of a synthetic Tanshinone Mimic (TM) 2 with improved affinity for HuR. Here we report five new TM probes 3-5 bearing a detection-promoting moiety (either photo affinity probe - PAP or biotin) as a para-substituent on the phenyl-sulphonamide for mechanism of action (MoA) studies. Biological and biochemical assays were used to characterize the novel TM conjugates 3-5. They showed similar toxic activity in HuR-expressing triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, with micromolar IC50s. REMSAs revealed that photoactivatable groups (4a and 4b), but not biotin (5a and 5b), prevented conjugates' ability to disrupt rHuR-RNA complexes. Further biochemical studies confirmed that biotinylated probes, in particular 5a, can be used to isolate rM1M2 from solutions, taking advantage of streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, thus being the most promising HuR inhibitor to be used for further MoA studies in cell lysates.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation of Poly-L-Lysine-Porphyrin Derivative Complex Exhibiting Diminished Dark Toxicity in Aqueous Solutions and High Photodynamic Activity.","authors":"Yusuke Egashira, Nanami Kono, Naoki Tarutani, Kiyofumi Katagiri, Shodai Hino, Keita Yamana, Riku Kawasaki, Atsushi Ikeda","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly-L-lysine (PLL) displays a high solubilizing ability for hydrophobic guest molecules, and when in complexes with guest molecules, it exhibits a high intracellular uptake. However, its high cytotoxicity, originating from its cationic character, significantly limits its applications in biological and medicinal chemistry. In this study, the amount of free PLL in an aqueous solution of a PLL-porphyrin complex was immensely reduced, resulting in considerably lower dark toxicity than that of the free PLL. Furthermore, the PLL-porphyrin complex exhibited high photodynamic activity under photoirradiation at 610-740 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-12-15DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400782
Qingwei Huo, Tong Meng, Xin Lu, Dandan Li
{"title":"Multiphoton Excited Fluorescence Imaging over Metal-Organic Frameworks.","authors":"Qingwei Huo, Tong Meng, Xin Lu, Dandan Li","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiphoton excited fluorescence (MPEF) imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for visualizing biological processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials composed of metal ions or clusters coordinated with organic ligands, have recently gained attention for their unique optical properties and potential applications in MPEF imaging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design, synthesis, and applications of multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging using MOFs. We discuss the principles behind the fluorescence behavior of MOFs, explore strategies to enhance their photophysical properties, and showcase their applications in bioimaging. Additionally, we address the current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field, highlighting the potential of multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging by MOFs for advancing our understanding of complex biological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemBioChemPub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400974
Luisa D'Anna, Darren Wragg, Daniela Mauro, Simona Rubino, Alessio Terenzi, Giampaolo Barone, Sophie Thomas, Angela Casini, Riccardo Bonsignore, Angelo Spinello
{"title":"Unraveling the molecular basis for G-quadruplex-binders to ALS/FTD-associated G4C2 repeats of the C9orf72 gene.","authors":"Luisa D'Anna, Darren Wragg, Daniela Mauro, Simona Rubino, Alessio Terenzi, Giampaolo Barone, Sophie Thomas, Angela Casini, Riccardo Bonsignore, Angelo Spinello","doi":"10.1002/cbic.202400974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most recurrent familial cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the presence of an abnormal number of intronic GGGGCC (G4C2) repetitions in the C9orf72 gene, which has been proposed to drive ALS/FTD pathogenesis. Recently, it has been shown that such G4C2 repetitions can fold into G-quadruplex (G4) secondary structures. These G4s have been selectively stabilized by small-molecule binders, furnishing proof of principle that targeting these non-canonical nucleic acid sequences represents a novel and effective therapeutic strategy to tackle neurodegenerative disorders. However, precise information on the mechanism of action of these compounds is still lacking. Here, by performing in silico investigations, we unraveled the molecular basis for the selectivity of a series of known structurally related C9orf72 G4-binders. Moreover, we investigated the binding properties of a strong and selective metal-based G4 stabilizer, the AuI bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex - Au(TMX)2 - showing that it moderately stabilizes G4C2 G4 RNA by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) DNA melting assays. Using metadynamics (metaD) simulations, the Au(TMX)2 binding mode and the associated free-energy landscape were also evaluated. This information paves the way for developing improved compounds to tackle ALS/FTD neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":140,"journal":{"name":"ChemBioChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202400974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}