International Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Human Enterovirus in Kazakhstan, during 2022.","authors":"Dinara Kamalova, Assel Akhmetova, Asylulan Amirgazin, Igor Sytnik, Viktoriya Rudenko, Gulzhan Yessimkhanova, Dinagul Bayesheva, Sergey Yegorov, Alexander Shevtsov","doi":"10.1155/2024/7796913","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7796913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enteroviral infection is a common cause of aseptic meningitis, herpangina, and hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. Limited data are available on the enteroviral subtypes associated with hospitalization for these conditions in Kazakhstan. We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nasopharyngeal swabs (NSW) from children (<i>N</i> = 152, median age = 8 years) hospitalized with symptoms of aseptic meningitis (AM, <i>N</i> = 139) or herpangina (HA, <i>N</i> = 13) disease. We then genotyped enteroviral subtypes associated with AM (<i>n</i> = 50) and HA (<i>n</i> = 9) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the viral protein 1 (VP1), followed up by whole-genome sequencing of the isolated viral species. All identified EVs were species B EV, consisting of five echoviruses (E6, E9, E11, E21, and E25) and three coxsackieviruses (CVA9, CVB3, and CVB5) serotypes within the cohort. The most abundant EVs were CVA9 (38.5%), CVB5 (21.5%), and E6 (13.8%). Most HA samples (6/9) were genotyped with coxsackievirus CVA9, while AM was associated with a variety of both echovirus and coxsackievirus serotypes. The results suggest that coxsackievirus CVA9 may be the dominant serotype circulating in the HA population, while AM is more diverse in terms of circulating echovirus and coxsackievirus serotypes. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical implications of these findings and to investigate potential differences in disease severity or outcomes associated with different EV serotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7796913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence and Antimicrobial-Resistant Gene Profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. Isolates from Chicken Carcasses Markets in Ibague City, Colombia.","authors":"Kelly Johanna Lozano-Villegas, Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán","doi":"10.1155/2024/4674138","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4674138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> spp. is one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial infections, with major impacts on public health and healthcare system. <i>Salmonella</i> is commonly transmitted via the fecal-to-oral route, and food contaminated with the bacteria (e.g., poultry products) is considered a common source of infection, being a potential risk for public health. The study aims to characterize the antimicrobial resistance- and virulence-associated genes in <i>Salmonella</i> isolates recovered from chicken marketed carcasses (<i>n</i> = 20). The presence of 14 antimicrobial and 23 virulence genes was evaluated using end-point PCR. The antimicrobial genes were detected in the following proportion among the isolates: <i>bla</i> _TEM 100%, <i>dfrA1</i> and <i>bla</i> _CMY2 90% (<i>n</i> = 18), <i>aadA1</i> 75% (<i>n</i> = 15), <i>sul1</i> and <i>sul2</i> 50% (<i>n</i> = 10), <i>floR</i> 45% (<i>n</i> = 9), <i>qnrD</i> 20% (<i>n</i> = 4), and <i>aadA2</i> 15% (<i>n</i> = 3). <i>catA</i>, <i>sul3</i>, <i>qnrS</i>, and <i>aac(6')-Ib</i> genes were absent in all isolates. Regarding virulence-associated genes, all <i>Salmonella</i> strains contain <i>invA</i>, <i>fimA</i>, <i>avrA</i>, <i>msgA</i>, <i>sopB</i>, and <i>sopE</i>. The <i>cdtB</i> gene was present in 95% (<i>n</i> = 19) of isolates, whereas <i>spvC</i> and <i>spvB</i> were present in 55% (<i>n</i> = 11). Other virulence genes such as <i>spiC</i>, <i>lpfC</i>, <i>lpfA</i>, and <i>csgA</i> were present in 90% (<i>n</i> = 18) of strains. The presence of antimicrobial and virulence genes in several <i>Salmonella</i> strains in chicken meat suggests the potential pathogenicity of the strains, which is relevant given the possibility of cross-contamination which represents a significant threat to public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4674138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the Responses of Enteric Bacteria to Neonatal Intensive Care Supplements.","authors":"Megan E Waller, Caroline J Eichhorn, Alyssa Gutierrez, John E Baatz, Carol L Wagner, Katherine E Chetta, Melinda A Engevik","doi":"10.1155/2024/3840327","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3840327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the neonatal intensive care unit, adequate nutrition requires various enteral products, including human milk and formula. Human milk is typically fortified to meet increased calorie goals, and infants commonly receive vitamin mixes, iron supplements, and less frequently, thickening agents. We examined the growth of 16 commensal microbes and 10 pathobionts found in the premature infant gut and found that formula, freshly pasteurized milk, and donated banked milk generally increased bacterial growth. Fortification of human milk significantly elevated the growth of all microbes. Supplementation with thickeners or NaCl in general did not stimulate additional growth. Vitamin mix promoted the growth of several commensals, while iron promoted growth of pathobionts. These data indicate that pathobionts in the preterm gut have significant growth advantage with preterm formula, fortified donor milk, and supplemented iron and suggest that the choice of milk and supplements may impact the infant gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3840327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial, Antiradical Activity, and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy Analysis of <i>Aloe otallensis</i> Plant Used in Traditional Medicine in Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Yonas Syraji, Mulugeta Kebebew, Yohannis Techane, Dawit Albene","doi":"10.1155/2024/1981990","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1981990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinal plants have a long history of treating diseases in animals and humans in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, not enough research has been done on the antibacterial properties and possible bioactive components of the majority of medicinal plants. Therefore, this study was concerned with the evaluation of the percentage yield, phytochemical, antimicrobial, antifungal, MIC, antiradical activities, phenolic content, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analysis of <i>A. otallensis</i> plant extracts. The mean values of antimicrobial, antifungal, MIC, antiradical, phenolic content, and XRF analysis were reported as mean ± standard deviation. The solvent methanol showed a higher degree of yield in leaf and root extract which was 8.45 (22.27%) and 3.12 g (15.58%), respectively, while distilled water extract of leaf and root showed less degree of yield which was 0.22 g (1.10%) and 0.42 g (2.1%), respectively. Qualitative phytochemical analyses of the plant parts have revealed the presence of various components of metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponins, tannins, steroids, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, diterpenes, phytosterols, and phlobatannals. <i>A. otallensis</i> gel extracts had shown significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the test bacterial and fungus, respectively. Moreover, the methanolic gel extracts of <i>A. otallensis</i> demonstrated notable antiradical activity than the leaf and the root. The highest value of phenolic content was obtained in <i>A. otallensis;</i> gel, leaf, and root extract which was 61.9 ± 0.5 mg/g, 53.6 ± 0.3 mg/g, and 51.6 ± 0.6 mg/g, respectively. In this study, twelve elements in the plant parts of <i>A. otallensis</i> were determined using XRF spectroscopy. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of the pharmacological potential of <i>A. otallensis</i> and highlights the importance of further research into its medicinal properties. The results provide valuable insights into the use of medicinal plants to treat diseases and support the development of natural therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1981990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Limited Number of Amino Acid Permeases Are Crucial for <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Survival and Virulence.","authors":"Olufemi S Folorunso, Olihile M Sebolai","doi":"10.1155/2024/5566438","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5566438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One unique attribute of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> is its ability to procure essential monomers from its surroundings to survive in diverse environments. Preferentially, sugars are the energy sources for this opportunistic pathogenic fungus under the carbon catabolite repression (CCR); however, sugar restriction induces alternative use of low molecular weight alcohol, organic acids, and amino acids. The expression of transmembrane amino acid permeases (Aaps) allows <i>C. neoformans</i> to utilize different amino acids and their conjugates, notwithstanding under the nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR). Being referred to as global permeases, there is a notion that all cryptococcal Aaps are important to survival and virulence. This functional divergence makes alternative drug targeting against <i>Cryptococcus</i> a challenge. We examine the functions and regulations of <i>C. neoformans</i> Aap variants with the aim of rationalizing their relevance to cryptococcal cell survival and virulence. Based on nutrient bioavailability, we linked the Cac1 pathway to Ras1 activation for thermotolerance that provides a temperature cushion for Aap activity under physiological conditions. Lastly, mutants of Aaps are examined for significant phenotypic deficiencies/advantages, which buttress the specific importance of limited numbers of Aaps involved in cryptococcal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5566438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11326883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Public Health Implications of Virulent and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Côte d'Ivoire's Ready-to-Eat Salads.","authors":"N'goran Parfait N'zi, Valérie Carole Gbonon, Kipré Bertin Guédé, Sidjè Arlette Afran, Djédoux Maxime Angaman","doi":"10.1155/2024/3264533","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/3264533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Côte d'Ivoire, the popularity of ready-to-eat salads has grown substantially. Despite their convenience, these products often face criticism for their microbiological safety. This research was conducted to assess the virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), <i>Salmonella spp</i>., and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) isolated from salads available in hypermarkets across Abidjan. The study utilized a combination of microbiological and molecular biology techniques. Results indicated that <i>E. coli</i> isolates harbored virulence genes such as <i>stx2</i> (50%) and <i>ST</i> (62.50%), though genes <i>stx1</i> and <i>LT</i> were absent in the samples tested. In <i>S. aureus</i>, virulence genes detected included <i>sea</i> (55.55%), <i>sec</i> (11.110%), and <i>sed</i> (44.44%). The antibiotic resistance assessment revealed high resistance in <i>E. coli</i> to <i>β</i>-lactam antibiotics, with all isolates resistant to cefuroxime (100%) and the majority to ampicillin and cefoxitin (87.5%). Most <i>Salmonella spp.</i> isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics tested, except for cefoxitin and ampicillin, showing resistance rates of 42.85% and 57.15%, respectively. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> demonstrated considerable resistance, particularly to cefoxitin (44.44%), benzylpenicillin (100%), and ampicillin (55.55%). In addition, resistance to aminoglycosides (55.55% to both kanamycin and gentamicin) and macrolides (66.66% to erythromycin and 55.55% to clindamycin) was noted. Resistance to various fluoroquinolones ranged between 33.33% and 55.55%. The presence of resistance genes such as <i>blaTEM</i> (10.52%), <i>qnrA</i> (2.26%), <i>qnrB</i> (5.26%), <i>qnrS</i> (5.26%), and <i>mecA</i> (13.15%) in <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> underscores the challenge of multidrug resistance, exhibiting phenotypes such as ESBL (50%), Meti-R (55.55%), KTG (44.44%), MLSB (44.44%), and FQ-R (25%). These results carry significant epidemiological and public health implications, highlighting the urgent need for improved safety regulations and practices regarding ready-to-eat salads in urban food markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"3264533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11321884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetic Acid Production from <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> Isolated from Some Agricultural Soils Collected from Selected Locations within the North Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Kidist Alemayehu, Tamene Milkessa Jiru, Nega Berhane","doi":"10.1155/2024/5183336","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5183336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetic acid, a substance with numerous uses as a bulk chemical, may be produced novelty by <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>. With the newfound understanding of <i>Aspergillus</i> species catabolism of glucose, fermentation techniques for the generation of secondary metabolites like acetic acid in the Ethiopian north Gondar zone can be developed with glucose feeding and pH feedback management. Previous works done on extracting organic acids including acetic acid from filamentous fungi in Ethiopia and at the global level are scanty. Therefore, this study aimed to produce acetic acid from <i>A. terreus</i> isolated from agricultural soils in the north Gondar zone of Ethiopia using barely straw as a substrate. In the current study, <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates were obtained in the samples taken from three different locations. The isolates were screened for acetic acid production. The optimum temperature and pH for the maximum production of acetic acid by the selected isolate were also undertaken. The potential isolates were further cultured using barley straw as a local substrate. Preliminary identification of the selected isolates was based on morphological methods. Molecular characterization (amplification and sequencing of the two intergenic spacers, ITS1 and ITS2, and the intervening 5.8S gene of the ribosomal RNA) was carried out to confirm the identity of the <i>Aspergillus</i> isolates. When the isolates were screened for the production of acetic acid, an isolate from low land (isolate LL₂) had the highest yield (72.5 ± 1.65 g/l) on basal screening media. The optimum temperature and pH for the maximum production of acetic acid by this isolate were 30°C and pH 5.0. A sequence similarity of 98.5% to <i>A. terreus</i> isolate LL₂ (KIA) was obtained by comparing the <i>Aspergillus</i> isolate to a reference sequence in the GenBank using the BLAST algorithm. It can be concluded from this study that <i>A. terreus</i> isolated from agricultural soil in the north Gondar zone of Ethiopia could produce more acetic acid using barely straw as a substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5183336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Florfenicol and Linezolid Resistance and Emergence of <i>optrA</i> Gene in <i>Campylobacter coli</i> Isolates from Tunisian Avian Farms.","authors":"Manel Gharbi, Rihab Tiss, Chadlia Hamdi, Safa Hamrouni, Abderrazak Maaroufi","doi":"10.1155/2024/1694745","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/1694745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter</i> species, especially <i>C. coli</i> and <i>C. jejuni</i>, have been associated with a range of human gastrointestinal diseases. During the last two decades, due to the irrational use of antibiotics in poultry farms, high rates of antimicrobial resistance have been globally reported in <i>C. coli</i> and <i>C. jejuni</i> isolates. Recently, acquired linezolid-resistance mechanisms have been reported in <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. isolates, which is a cause of concern to human health. In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of 139 <i>C. coli</i> isolates previously collected from broilers (<i>n</i> = 41), laying hens (<i>n</i> = 53), eggs (<i>n</i> = 4), and environment (<i>n</i> = 41) to detect acquired genes implicated in linezolid resistance. Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. Chloramphenicol- and linezolid-resistant isolates were subjected to PCR screening for the following genes: <i>fexA</i>, <i>fexB</i>, <i>floR</i>, RE-<i>cmeABC</i>, <i>cfrA</i>, and <i>optrA</i>. The genetic relatedness of eight multidrug-resistant isolates was determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Among the 139 <i>C. coli</i> isolates, high rates of resistance (57.55%-100%) were detected toward nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, linezolid, and kanamycin. Among 135 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates, the <i>optrA</i>, <i>cfr</i>, <i>fexA floR</i>, RE-<i>cmeABC</i>, and <i>fexB</i> genes were detected in 124 (124/135, 91.85%), 108 (80%), 105 (77.7%), 64 (47.4%), 56 (41, 48%), and 27 (20%) isolates, respectively. In addition, the majority of isolates harbored more than one of these genes. The selected eight isolates belonged to the same sequence type ST13450, which is a new sequence type (ST), not belonging to ST828 and ST1150 complexes. In conclusion, the emergence of <i>optrA</i> gene in <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. isolates makes this genus an <i>optrA</i> reservoir and vector to other pathogens such as <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., which is a cause of concern for human and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"1694745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Transmission of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i>, Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile among Newborns Delivered at Health Facilities in Jigjiga City, Ethiopia.","authors":"Addisu Tesfaye, Mahlet Fekede, Fasil Getu, Surafel Mekuria, Tigist Abebe, Daniel Tollosa, Shamil Barsenga, Bawlah Tahir, Abdurahman Kedir Roble, Sara Tesfaye, Muluken Walle","doi":"10.1155/2024/5673366","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5673366","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Group B &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/i&gt; (GBS) colonizes the rectovaginal area of women and vertically transmitted to neonates. This bacterium has been linked to severe neonatal complications including pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. GBS shows an increased resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Thus, we assessed the vertical transmission, contributing factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of GBS among newborns delivered at selected Hospitals in Jigjiga City.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; June 2022 to 30th April 2023. A total of 849 pregnant women admitted to delivery wards from two hospitals were screened for GBS colonization. Subsequently, 162 GBS-colonized pregnant women and their newborn babies were included. A semistructured questionnaire and a review of medical records were used to collect the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. Trained nurses collected swab samples from the vaginal-rectal area of pregnant women and the nasal, ear canal, and umbilical areas of newborn babies. Samples were inoculated on Todd Hewitt broth media supplemented with gentamycin and nalidixic acid and then subcultured on blood agar. Colony characteristics, Gram stain, and catalase test were used for identification. All gram-positive cocci, B-hemolytic, and catalase-negative isolates were further identified using Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen and a bacitracin test. The modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with vertical transmission of GBS, and statistical significance was set at &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values &lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;The overall vertical transmission rate was 41.4% (67/162). History of preterm labor (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.59), history of urinary tract infection (UTI) at current pregnancy (AOR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.59), and prolonged rupture of membranes greater than 18 hours (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.4) were significantly associated with vertical transmission of GBS from previously colonized mothers to their newborn babies. Regarding GBS antibiotic susceptibility profile, a significant degree of resistance was observed to penicillin (29.9%), tetracycline (22.4%), ampicillin (20.9%), and clindamycin (19.4%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study documented a high prevalence of vertical transmission rate of GBS from pregnant women to their babies, with an overall transmission rate of 41.4%. The study identified the presence of antimicrobial-resistant GBS to penicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The organism was susceptible to vancomycin, followed by azithromycin, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin. Our study also reported MDR at 13.4%. Based on our findings, there is a ","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5673366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Monolaurin against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Wound Infections.","authors":"Shimaa Salah Hassan Abd El-Ghany, Ahmed Farag Azmy, Ahmed Osama El-Gendy, Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky, Ahmad Mustafa, Mohammed A S Abourehab, Mohamed E El-Beeh, Reham Ali Ibrahem","doi":"10.1155/2024/7518368","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7518368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens associated with life-threatening infections, showing resistance to various antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the influence of monolaurin on biofilm-forming MRSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The agar dilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against MRSA isolates and explored its impact on the resistance profile of selected antibiotics. The assessment of combined therapy involving monolaurin and antibiotics was conducted using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). The tissue culture plate strategy appraised monolaurin's antibiofilm activity and its inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀), with assessment via scanning electron microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) discerned a monolaurin effect on the expression of the <i>icaD</i> gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Monolaurin exhibited MIC values ranging from 500 to 2000 <i>μ</i>g/mL. FIC index showed a synergistic effect of monolaurin with <i>β</i>-lactam antibiotics ranging from 0.0039 to 0.25 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Among the 103 investigated MRSA isolates, 44 (44.7%) displayed moderate biofilm formation, while 59 (55.3%) were strong biofilm producers. Antibiofilm activity demonstrated concentration dependence, confirming monolaurin's capacity to inhibit biofilm formation and exhibited strong eradicating effects against preformed MRSA biofilms with IC₅₀ values of 203.6 <i>μ</i>g/mL and 379.3 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed reduced cell attachments and diminished biofilm formation compared to the control. The expression levels of the <i>icaD</i> gene were remarkably reduced at monolaurin concentrations of 250 and 500 <i>μ</i>g/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monolaurin had significant inhibitory effects on MRSA pre-existing biofilms as well as biofilm development. So, it can be employed in the treatment of severe infections, particularly those associated with biofilm formation including catheter-associated infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14098,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Microbiology","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7518368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}