Medical Almanac最新文献

{"title":"Kazan version of the classification of congenital heart defects of John Kirkland","authors":"L. M. Mirolyubov","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-5-87-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-5-87-90","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of classifications of congenital heart defects from a practical point of view. The variant of own classification of congenital heart defects with the substantiation of optimal terms of surgical correction is presented. The classification scheme allows predicting possible critical hemodynamic conditions in children with CHD both in the neonatal period and in other age groups. Used and is the basis in the choice of tactics of treatment of patients with CHD in the practice of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in the Republic of Tatarstan for more than 15 years.","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133544484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of microorganism types composition in children with thermal injury","authors":"S. Sakharov, M. A. Axelrov, O. I. Frolova","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-5-94-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-5-94-97","url":null,"abstract":"The retrospective analysis at 16 children (9 boys and 7 girls) (aged 9 months 3 years) with serious thermal trauma with thermal injury from 7 to 70% of body were analyzed. The result of investigation revealed the most typical errors of organizational, diagnostic and medical supply. Prognosis of recovery depends on many factors. The main ones are the general state of person before injury, the localization and area of burn, development of infectious and autoimmune complications. To make the treatment of patients with burns more effective it is necessary to find the ways of decreasing burn-wound infection and to use measures leading to increasing of patient immune system.","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127108615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern innovative health care policy in Russia","authors":"I. Polushkina","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-7-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-7-10","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of innovations in healthcare in Russia. The author assessed the concept of innovation with the object-process approach. It is noted that, unlike the economic sphere, where the research, development and implementation of innovations are liked to the law of profit, in the social sphere, such as health care, innovations are broader in their nature and bring economic effect, which can be either direct or indirect. The author considers sush types of innovations in the field of health care as: technical (medical-pharmaceutical), organizational-managing, processual (technological), economic, informational and technological innovations. As the study shows, there are systemic problems of innovation implementation in healthcare in Russia. The presence of these problems is connected with a whole complex of urgent fundamental structural disproportions in Russia, which require solid decisions. The author formulates the main tasks of the innovation policy of Russia in the field of health care at current stage of development. Among them are: to raise the level of infrastructure support, to increase the rates of material, technical, personnel and organizational and technological transformation of the health care system as innovation basis; optimize funding for innovation in health care; identify priority areas; in the contradiction between tradition and innovation; to develop a unified system of planning, monitoring and managing innovative projects in health care, which will help to significantly improve the efficiency of their implementation.","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121871433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis","authors":"D. Sobchak, O. L. Sobolevskaia, O. L. Hryaeva, I. A. Otmahova, E. Mikhailova, A. M. Ryumin, T. Butina, O. A. Saburova, A. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-39-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-39-43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132972142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The practice of microbiological monitoring of the dynamics antibiotics resistance for Infection prevention and control program","authors":"O. Tonko, N. Kolomiets, O. Hanenko, N. Levshina, A. V. Goylova","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-80-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-80-85","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, there has been a sharp increase in the prevalence of various types of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, including enterobacteria, resistant to carbapenems and multiresistant strains of Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. аureus resistant to betalactam antibiotics and glycopeptides. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in healthcare organizations in Minsk. To compare the structure and resistance of microorganisms, the data obtained in the study of isolates isolated from the blood of patients from anesthesiology and resuscitation departments of children's hospitals of health organizations for the adult population of Minsk in 2015–2017 were analyzed. It has been established that the structure of the main clinically significant microorganisms isolated from the blood samples of adult patients has differences from the microorganisms isolated from the blood of children's hospitals patients. Significant differences in the level of antibiotic resistance of isolates isolated from patients in pediatric hospitals and hospitals for adults have been established. Thus, the level of antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates to ampicillin / sulbactam, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin is higher in adult healthcare organizations than in healthcare organizations for children, while the level of resistant isolates to gentamicin is higher (p < 0,05). Resistance was high for all tested antimicrobials. It has been shown that the level of antibiotic resistance of isolates from samples from adult patients is higher compared to that in the children's hospitals. A significant difference was found in the level of resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae to ampicillin, ceftazidime, gentamicin (p < 0,05). The level of resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus ss. aureus, from blood samples from patients in adult hospitals, to oxacillin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, erythromycin is higher compared to that in the pediatric patients.","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125948308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the incidence of newborn's healthcare associated infections and intrauterine infections in several maternity hospitals in Moscow","authors":"M. Ivanova","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-73-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-73-79","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study. To estimate the incidence of newborn's healthcare associated infections (HAI) and intrauterine infections in the Russian Federation, Moscow and three maternity hospitals in Moscow. Materials and methods. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of neonates HAIs and intrauterine infections during 2008–2017 was performed in the Russian Federation and Moscow and during 2009–2017 in three maternity hospitals (MH) in Moscow. In this study the maternity hospitals would be known as MH № X01, № X02 and № X03. Also, in this study, the calculation and analysis of the proportion of cases of newborn's HAIs and intrauterine infections with laboratory confirmation were performed in Moscow's maternity hospitals. The data was selected from Form № 2 for the Russian Federation and Moscow. Also, the data of the maternity hospitals was drawn from the base of the Hygiene and Epidemiology Center in Moscow. The morbidity rate of HAIs and intrauterine infections of newborns was counted on 1,000 newborns. Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software packages were used for this purpose. The calculation of the increase / decrease rate was made by the method of least squares. Results. The incidence of intrauterine infections and HAIs of newborns in the Russian Federation, Moscow, and maternity hospitals is characterized by the next mutual trends – a significant dominance cases of intrauterine infections' over the cases of HAI, extremely irregular registration and distribution of the nosologies' proportion. Concerning to the dynamics of morbidity during 2009–2017 in maternity hospitals in Moscow, the HAIs newborn's incidence has tendency of decline, and intrauterine infections has considerable increase of the incidence. This consistent pattern is observed in all described maternity hospitals. The structure of the incidence in maternity hospitals is similar to each other. The leading diagnoses among intrauterine infections are intrauterine infection without a lesion and intrauterine pneumonia. The interest of other infections is about 1%. The proportion of cases with laboratory confirmation of the newborn's HAIs and intrauterine infections is extremely small. Besides that, there were identified some indirect signs of poor-quality registration of nosocomial infections. Conclusion. Significant difference in the number of cases of newborn's HAIs and intrauterine infections and their multidirectional incidence trends, once again point to the concealment of a part of nosocomial infections, under such diagnoses, as intrauterine infection without a lesion and intrauterine pneumonia. Laboratory confirmation of cases of HAIs and intrauterine infections in the maternity hospitals is carried out only by a small proportion of patients. Thereby, the incidence rates of HAIs of newborns and intrauterine infections in maternity hospitals in Moscow raise doubts about their reliability.","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115605874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and monitoring of complications after immunization with BCG/BCG-M in the Russian Federation","authors":"T. A. Sevost'yanova, V. Aksenova, S. Sterlikov","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-56-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-56-60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132635860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated lung disease in elderly patient with multimorbidity and HIV infection (clinical case)","authors":"E. Yakovleva","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-53-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-53-55","url":null,"abstract":"Disseminated lung diseases have similar non-specific manifestations in various etiologies, pathogenesis, and morphology. Pulmonary dissemination is the concept of X-ray, there are no pathognomonic symptoms on a radiograph that are inherent in a particular disease with pulmonary dissemination, therefore, in real clinical practice, differential diagnosis in pulmonary dissemination is the prerogative of the physician. Diseases that are manifested by pulmonary dissemination can be classified by dissemination of infectious causes (tuberculosis, HIV-associated dissemination, fungal lesions), malignant pulmonary lesions (carcinomatosis, cancer lymphangitis), cardiogenic dissemination and interstitial lung diseases. In recent years, the incidence of allergic interstitial lung diseases has increased. Infectious lesions of the lungs in patients with HIV infection and reduced immune status in many cases also have a disseminated form and cause difficulties in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis. The article presents a clinical case of pneumocystis pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient with pulmonary dissemination syndrome on X-ray. The difficulties of the diagnostic search with low compliance of the patient and the physician are shown (a patient registered with HIV for 10 years hid this fact of his history from the attending physician and gave a written refusal to get tested for HIV fibrobronchoscopy). The possibility of introducing compulsory HIV screening for all patients admitted to the hospital with disseminated processes in the lungs has been considered.","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124064157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the epidemic process of HIV infection in the region with a high level of HIV infection over a long period (on the example of the Tyumen region)","authors":"S. E. Kondratova, A. Marchenko, E. Kashuba","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-48-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-48-52","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115119522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological features of viral infections in the children's non-infectious multidisciplinary medical organization","authors":"L. Poslova","doi":"10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-65-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21145/2499-9954-2019-3-65-72","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents generalized clinical and epidemiological features of viral infections in children's noninfectious multidisciplinary hospital based on the results of a multi-year comprehensive study. The study was conducted for 12 years (2006–2017), included 16615 patients, including those diagnosed with «Acute respiratory viral infection» – 6104 patients, with a diagnosis of «Acute intestinal viral infection» – 1934 patients. A total of 193017 microbiological studies were conducted, including molecular genetic studies. It was found that the overall incidence of viral infections in children's non-infectious multidisciplinary hospital was 21.1 [95% CI 20.3-21.9] per 1000 hospitalized patients (according to long-term average data). The main nosological groups of viral infections were respiratory infections, enteric infections, intrauterine infections and parenteral viral hepatitis. Viral infections in in children's non-infectious multidisciplinary hospital were characterized by the following clinical and epidemiological features: high incidence; age group at risk – children under 3 years; features of clinical picture with «masks» of noncommunicable pathology; presence of combined infections; high level of virus transmission; high frequency of infections, brought into the hospital; prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in the general structure of morbidity with outbreak and involvement in the epidemic process of children and adults; uneven distribution of morbidity and carriers in departments; presence of nosocomial circulation of viruses.","PeriodicalId":140928,"journal":{"name":"Medical Almanac","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127915521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}