International Journal of Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"Association of Elevated Serum GM-CSF, IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-4, and TNF-<i>α</i> Concentration with Tobacco Smoke Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a South Indian Population.","authors":"Ankita Mitra,&nbsp;Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah,&nbsp;Tania Ahalya Thimraj,&nbsp;Mahendra Maheswarappa,&nbsp;Chaya Sindaghatta Krishnarao,&nbsp;Komarla Sundararaja Lokesh,&nbsp;Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah,&nbsp;Koustav Ganguly,&nbsp;Mahesh Padukudru Anand","doi":"10.1155/2018/2027856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2027856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating condition with limited pharmacotherapeutic options and exceptionally high public-health burden globally as well as in India. Tobacco smoking is the primary cause for COPD among men in India. Systemic inflammation involving altered regulation of cytokines controlling the host defense mechanism is a hallmark of COPD pathogenesis. However, biomarker discovery studies are limited among Indian COPD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the serum concentrations [median (25th-75th percentile) pg/ml] of interleukin (<b>IL</b>)-2,4,6,8,10, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (<b>GM-CSF</b>), interferon gamma (<b>IFN-</b><b>γ</b>), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (<b>TNF-</b><b>α</b>) using a multiplexed immunoassay. Our study cohort consisted of 30 tobacco smokers with COPD (<b>TS COPD</b>) and 20 tobacco smokers without COPD (<b>TS CONTROL</b>) from South India. The study population was matched for age, sex (male), and tobacco consumption (pack-years). COPD was diagnosed according to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria of persistent airflow obstruction determined by the ratio of postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC) of <0.7. A validated structured questionnaire-based survey [Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study] and spirometry were performed during house to house visit of the field study. Statistical analysis included nonparametric (two-tailed) Mann-Whitney U and Spearman rank test, as appropriate (significance: p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum GM-CSF [69.64 (46.67, 97.48); 36.78 (30.07, 53.88), p=0.014], IFN-<i>γ</i> [51.06 (17.00, 84.86); 11.70 (3.18, 32.81), p=0.017], IL-4 [9.09 (1.8, 19.9); 1.8 (1.8, 4.46); p=0.024], and TNF-<i>α</i> [20.68 (5.5, 29.26); 3.5 (3.5, 4.5); p<0.001] concentrations (pg/ml) were increased in TS COPD subjects compared to TS CONTROL. A weak correlation between lung function parameters and cytokine concentrations was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our pilot study reveals GM-CSF, IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-4, and TNF-<i>α</i> as plausible COPD susceptibility biomarkers within the investigated South Indian population that needs to be validated in a larger cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2027856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2027856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36436348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipleuritic and Vascular Permeability Inhibition of the Ethyl Acetate-Petroleum Ether Stem Bark Extract of <i>Maerua angolensis</i> DC (Capparaceae) in Murine.","authors":"Felix Agyei Ampadu,&nbsp;Eric Boakye-Gyasi,&nbsp;Newman Osafo,&nbsp;Charles Kwaku Benneh,&nbsp;Edmund Ekuadzi,&nbsp;Eric Woode","doi":"10.1155/2018/6123094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6123094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Maerua angolensis</i> has been used traditionally in the management of pain, arthritis, and rheumatism in Ghana and Nigeria but no scientific evidence is currently available to give credence to its folkloric use. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a stem bark extract of <i>Maerua angolensis</i> DC (MAE) in acute inflammatory models. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg^-1) on neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes in lung tissues and lung morphology were evaluated with the carrageenan induced pleurisy model in Sprague Dawley rats. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg^-1) on vascular permeability were also evaluated in the acetic acid induced vascular permeability in ICR mice. MAE significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and lung tissue damage in carrageenan induced pleurisy. MAE increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in lung tissues. The extract was also able to reduce myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in lung tissues in carrageenan induced rat pleurisy. Vascular permeability was also attenuated by the extract with marked reduction of Evans blue dye leakage in acetic acid induced permeability assay. The results indicated that <i>Maerua angolensis</i> is effective in ameliorating inflammation induced by carrageenan and acetic acid. It also has the potential of increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6123094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6123094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36401642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine.","authors":"Nalú Navarro-Alvarez,&nbsp;Beatriz M M Gonçalves,&nbsp;Alec R Andrews,&nbsp;David H Sachs,&nbsp;Christene A Huang","doi":"10.1155/2018/6916920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6916920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Similarities between porcine and human skin make the pig an ideal model for preclinical studies of cutaneous inflammation and wound healing. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) has been used to induce inflammation and to study inflammatory pain in several animal models. Here, we evaluated the inflammation caused by CFA injected in different layers of skin and subcutaneous (SC) tissue in a large-animal model. The degree of inflammation was evaluated at early and late time points by visual inspection and histopathologic analysis. In addition, the side effects of CFA injections were evaluated based on clinical findings, behavioral changes, physiologic state, and (histo)pathologic lesions. Pigs were injected with CFA at the back of the neck's skin at different depths. All animals showed histologic signs of inflammation at the injection site. Animals injected SC did not show any signs of pain or distress (loss of appetite, abnormal behavior) and did not require pain medication. Inflammation was followed by measuring the area of induration beneath the skin. Animals injected into the dermis and/or epidermis demonstrated a severe inflammatory response on the skin surface with massive swelling, redness within 12hrs of CFA injection, and severe skin necrosis within a week, preventing accurate induration measurements. In contrast to animals injected SC, animals receiving intradermal and/or intraepidermal injection of CFA showed signs of distress requiring pain medication. <i>Conclusion</i>. SC injection of CFA in swine induces an inflammatory response that can be measured accurately by induration without causing unnecessary discomfort, providing a useful preclinical large-animal model of inflammatory skin disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6916920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6916920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36334114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Difference in Interleukin-19 Serum on Degrees of Acne Vulgaris Severity.","authors":"Moerbono Mochtar,&nbsp;Alamanda Murasmita,&nbsp;M Eko Irawanto,&nbsp;Indah Julianto,&nbsp;Harijono Kariosentono,&nbsp;Fajar Waskito","doi":"10.1155/2018/4141579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4141579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease. Recent study showed that inflammation does have a central role in the formation of both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in acne vulgaris. There are various findings of proinflammatory cytokines related to acne vulgaris, but no previous study correlate interleukin- (IL-) 19 to acne vulgaris. This pilot study aims to look at difference in IL-19 serum concentration on degrees of severity of acne vulgaris.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an analytical observational cross-sectional study. Sample subjects were patients with acne vulgaris who met the inclusion criteria. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) study was applied to measure IL-19 serum.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Analysis test found statistically significant difference between IL-19 serum concentration of group of patients with mild acne vulgaris and that of group of patients with severe acne vulgaris. Moreover, analysis revealed significant difference between IL-19 serum concentration of group of patients with moderate acne vulgaris and that of group of patients with severe acne vulgaris.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are differences in serum levels of IL-19 on the severity of acne vulgaris. The significant difference might show that inflammation has a core role in severity of acne vulgaris, and IL-19 might potentially be related to acne vulgaris.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4141579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4141579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36135406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>S</i>-Equol, a Major Isoflavone from Soybean, Inhibits Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Rat Astrocytes Partially via the GPR30-Mediated Pathway.","authors":"Mitsuaki Moriyama,&nbsp;Ayano Hashimoto,&nbsp;Hideyo Satoh,&nbsp;Kenji Kawabe,&nbsp;Mizue Ogawa,&nbsp;Katsura Takano,&nbsp;Yoichi Nakamura","doi":"10.1155/2018/8496973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8496973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cumulative evidence indicates that estrogen receptor (ER) agonists attenuate neuroinflammation. Equol, a major isoflavone from soybean, exhibits estrogen-like biological activity, but their effect on inflammatory response has not been well established. Here, we investigated the effect of <i>S</i>-equol on nitric oxide (NO) production, well-known inflammatory change in astrocytes stimulated by LPS. <i>S</i>-Equol attenuated LPS-induced NO production with a concomitant decrease in expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). <i>S</i>-Equol did not affect LPS-induced increase in intracellular ROS production. Intracellular ER blocker ICI 182.780 had no effect on <i>S</i>-equol-induced decrease in NO production. Addition of G-15, antagonist of G protein-coupled receptor 30 which is nongenomic ER and located on cell surface, partially recovered <i>S</i>-equol-induced attenuation of NO production. These findings suggest that attenuation of NO production by <i>S</i>-equol may mitigate LPS-induced neuroinflammation in astrocytes. <i>S</i>-Equol may exert a glioprotective effect, at least in part, via a nongenomic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8496973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8496973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36041547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Products with Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonist Activity.","authors":"Monica Molteni,&nbsp;Annalisa Bosi,&nbsp;Carlo Rossetti","doi":"10.1155/2018/2859135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2859135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are the innate immunity receptors that play an activating role when interacting with molecules released by bacteria and viruses (PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns) or with molecules released by injured cells and tissues (DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns). TLR triggering leads to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, driving the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. In particular, Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) has been described to be involved in the inflammatory processes observed in several pathologies (such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer). Molecules obtained by natural sources have been discovered to exert an anti-inflammatory action by targeting TLR4 activation pathways. This review focuses on TLR4 antagonists obtained from bacteria, cyanobacteria, and plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2859135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2859135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36036322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presenting a New Standard Drug Model for Turmeric and Its Prized Extract, Curcumin.","authors":"Franco Cavaleri","doi":"10.1155/2018/5023429","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/5023429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various parts of the turmeric plant have been used as medicinal treatment for various conditions from ulcers and arthritis to cardiovascular disease and neuroinflammation. The rhizome's curcumin extract is the most studied active constituent, which exhibits an expansive polypharmacology with influence on many key inflammatory markers. Despite the expansive reports of curcucmin's therapeutic value, clinical reliability and research repeatability with curcumin treatment are still poor. The pharmacology must be better understood and reliably mapped if curcumin is to be accepted and used in modern medical applications. Although the polypharmacology of this extract has been considered, in mainstream medicine, to be a drawback, a perspective change reveals a comprehensive and even synergistic shaping of the NF-kB pathway, including transactivation. Much of the inconsistent research data and unreliable clinical outcomes may be due to a lack of standardization which also pervades research standard samples. The possibility of other well-known curcumin by-products contributing in the polypharmacology is also discussed. A new flowchart of crosstalk in transduction pathways that lead to shaping of nuclear NF-kB transactivation is generated and a new calibration or standardization protocol for the extract is proposed which could lead to more consistent data extraction and improved reliability in therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"5023429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5820622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35939083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Inflammatory Response to LPS in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Lusine Khondkaryan,&nbsp;Sona Margaryan,&nbsp;David Poghosyan,&nbsp;Gayane Manukyan","doi":"10.1155/2018/2157434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2157434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe health problem worldwide, reaching epidemic levels. High susceptibility to infections of T2DM patients indicates dysregulated immune responses to pathogens. However, innate immune responses, including monocyte functions, in T2DM are poorly investigated. Therefore, in this study we aimed to assess lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced immune responses of circulating monocytes from T2DM patients. The results showed that monocytes from T2DM were hyporesponsive to LPS challenge as reflected by significantly suppressed secretion of TNF<i>α</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and expression of CD11b (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and TLR4 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to those in monocytes from healthy subjects. Furthermore, LPS-induced IL-10 levels were similar in diabetic and healthy supernatants, while expression levels of CD163 were found to be downregulated on monocytes from T2DM (<i>p</i> < 0.001) suggesting impaired ability of monocytes to switch their phenotype to anti-inflammatory. Taken together, our results suggest compromised function of monocytes in T2DM, which may explain, at least partly, high incidence of infection in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2157434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2157434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35939678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sterile Neuroinflammation and Strategies for Therapeutic Intervention","authors":"Manoj Banjara, C. Ghosh","doi":"10.1155/2017/8385961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8385961","url":null,"abstract":"Sterile neuroinflammation is essential for the proper brain development and tissue repair. However, uncontrolled neuroinflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of various disease processes. The endogenous intracellular molecules so called damage-associated molecular patterns or alarmins or damage signals that are released by activated or necrotic cells are thought to play a crucial role in initiating an immune response. Sterile inflammatory response that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, hemorrhage, epilepsy, or traumatic brain injury (TBI) creates a vicious cycle of unrestrained inflammation, driving progressive neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism in the progression (e.g., AD and PD) or secondary injury development (e.g., stroke, hemorrhage, stress, and TBI) of multiple brain conditions. Hence, it provides an opportunity for the therapeutic intervention to prevent progressive tissue damage and loss of function. The key for developing anti-neuroinflammatory treatment is to minimize the detrimental and neurotoxic effects of inflammation while promoting the beneficial and neurotropic effects, thereby creating ideal conditions for regeneration and repair. This review outlines how inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of major nonpathogenic neuroinflammatory conditions and discusses the complex response of glial cells to damage signals. In addition, emerging experimental anti-neuroinflammatory drug treatment strategies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82202896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Inflammation to Current and Alternative Therapies Involved in Wound Healing.","authors":"Mariana Barreto Serra,&nbsp;Wermerson Assunção Barroso,&nbsp;Neemias Neves da Silva,&nbsp;Selma do Nascimento Silva,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos Romão Borges,&nbsp;Iracelle Carvalho Abreu,&nbsp;Marilene Oliveira da Rocha Borges","doi":"10.1155/2017/3406215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3406215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing is a complex event that develops in three overlapping phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. These phases are distinct in function and histological characteristics. However, they depend on the interaction of cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and chemical mediators from cells to perform regulatory events. In this article, we will review the pathway in the skin healing cascade, relating the major chemical inflammatory mediators, cellular and molecular, as well as demonstrating the local and systemic factors that interfere in healing and disorders associated with tissue repair deficiency. Finally, we will discuss the current therapeutic interventions in the wounds treatment, and the alternative therapies used as promising results in the development of new products with healing potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2017 ","pages":"3406215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/3406215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35273140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}