International Journal of Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Pulmonary Inflammation in Asthma Induced by House Dust Mite (HDM): Dosimetry Study.","authors":"Nicole Cristine Rigonato-Oliveira,&nbsp;Auriléia Aparecida de Brito,&nbsp;Luana Beatriz Vitoretti,&nbsp;Gabriel de Cunha Moraes,&nbsp;Tawany Gonçalves,&nbsp;Karine Zanella Herculano,&nbsp;Cintia Estefano Alves,&nbsp;Adriana Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco,&nbsp;Flávio Aimbire,&nbsp;Rodolfo Paula Vieira,&nbsp;Ana Paula Ligeiro de Oliveira","doi":"10.1155/2019/3945496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3945496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation in the airways. Several models have been proposed for the discovery of new therapies. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is relatively new and effective, very low cost, with no side effects. However, there is still no consensus on the optimal dose to be used. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the best dose in an experimental model of asthma induced by House Dust Mite (HDM). Balb/c mice received administration of 100 ug/animal HDM and LLLT applications (diode laser: 660 nm, 100 mW and four different energies 1J, 3J, 5J, and 7.5J) for 16 days. After 24 hours, we studied inflammatory, functional, and structural parameters. The results showed that LBI was able to modulate the pulmonary inflammation observed by reducing the number of cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) as well as reducing the percentage of neutrophils, eosinophils and T lymphocytes. On the other hand, LLLT increased the level of IL-10 and reduced levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in BALF. LLLT was able to reduce the production of mucus, peribronchial eosinophils, collagen deposition, bronchoconstriction index, and bronchial and muscular thickening in the airways. We concluded that the use of LLLT in the treatment of chronic inflammation of the airways attenuated the inflammatory process and functional and structural parameters. We emphasize, in general, that the 1J and 3J laser presented better results. Thus, photobiomodulation may be considered a promising tool for the treatment of chronic pulmonary allergic inflammation observed in asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2019 ","pages":"3945496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/3945496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37177548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Patterns of MEFV Gene Mutations in Egyptian Patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Amal R Mansour,&nbsp;Ayman El-Shayeb,&nbsp;Nihal El Habachi,&nbsp;Mohamad A Khodair,&nbsp;Doaa Elwazzan,&nbsp;Nermeen Abdeen,&nbsp;Marwa Said,&nbsp;Riham Ebaid,&nbsp;Noha ElShahawy,&nbsp;Amr Seif,&nbsp;Nadia Zaki","doi":"10.1155/2019/2578760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2578760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a hereditary autosomal recessive disease which is mainly seen in the Turks, Armenians, Arabs, and Jews. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever, polyserositis, and rash. MEFV gene, encoding pyrin protein, is located on the short arm of chromosome 16. FMF is associated with a broad mutational spectrum in this gene. Certain mutations are more common in particular ethnic groups. To date, different mutations of <i>MEFV</i> were observed in studies carried out in different regions worldwide. However, most of these studies did not extensively investigate the Egyptian population, in spite of the high prevalence of FMF in this geographical region.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify the frequency of MEFV gene mutations among the patients who presented with FMF like symptoms and, to characterize the different genetic mutations and their association with increased Amyloid A among Egyptian patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FMF Strip Assay (Vienna Lab Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria) was used. This test is based on reverse hybridization of biotinylated PCR products on immobilized oligonucleotides for mutations and controls in a parallel array of allele-specific oligonucleotides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 1387 patients presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of FMF, 793 (57.2%) were of undefined mutations, whereas 594 had MEFV gene mutations. 363 patients (26.2%) were heterozygous mutants, 175 patients (12.6%) were compound heterozygous mutants, and 56 patients (4%) were homozygous mutants. The most commonly encountered gene mutations in heterozygous and homozygous groups were E148Q (38.6%), M694I (18.1%), and V726A (15.8%). The most commonly encountered gene mutations in the compound heterozygous groups were E148Q+M694I observed in 20.6% of the patients, followed by M694I+V726A and M6801+V726A found in 18.9% and 11.4 %, respectively. The most commonly encountered gene mutation associated with abdominal pain, fever, and high serum Amyloid A was E148Q allele <i>(37.5%)</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Unlike all previous publications, E148Q allele was found to be the most frequent in the studied patients. Moreover, this allele was associated with increased Amyloid A. 793 patients were free of the 12 studied Mediterranean mutations, which implies the necessity to perform future sequencing studies to reveal other mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2019 ","pages":"2578760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/2578760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37269221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Oral Contraceptive Effects on Low-Grade Chronic Inflammatory Mediators in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros,&nbsp;Matheus Antônio Souto de Medeiros,&nbsp;Nayara de Souza Santos,&nbsp;Bruna Barcelo Barbosa,&nbsp;Márcia Marly Winck Yamamoto","doi":"10.1155/2018/9591509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9591509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, metabolic syndrome, and low-grade chronic inflammation, which increase the risks for cardiovascular disease. Combined oral contraceptives may affect the mediators of low-grade chronic inflammation with potential additive risk in PCOS patients. This meta-analysis investigates the impact of oral contraceptive on markers of chronic inflammation in PCOS patients. Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane database were used to search studies reporting on this matter in the target population. Twenty seven studies were selected, including a total of 838 women. The data were expressed as the standardized mean difference. The random-effects model was used to summarize effect sizes. Heterogeneity was examined using Cochran's test (Q) and I² statistics. Most of the preparations increased C-reactive protein (CRP) in PCOS patients (p >0.001). The increase in homocysteine levels was not significant (p >0.05). Follistatin significantly increased with pills containing cyproterone acetate (p= 0.008). Interleukin-6 changes were inconsistent and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 decreased with pills containing desogestrel, norgestimate, and drospirenone. Collectively, the results of this review indicate that oral contraceptives modify most inflammatory markers of PCOS patients. However, the clinical implications are not clear yet and future studies must consider longer follow-up and the inclusion of objective clinical parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9591509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9591509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36812538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial Mediterranean Gene (MEFV) Mutation in Parents of Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever: What Are the Exceptions?","authors":"Leila Shahbaznejad,&nbsp;Sayed-Reza Raeeskarami,&nbsp;Raheleh Assari,&nbsp;Abbas Shakoori,&nbsp;Hamidreza Azhideh,&nbsp;Yahya Aghighi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Tahghighi,&nbsp;Vahid Ziaee","doi":"10.1155/2018/1902791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1902791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is one of the most prevalent periodic fever syndromes; MEFV, the responsible gene for the disease, is in the short arm of chromosome16. In the considerable count of the FMF patients, only one mutation is found in the MEFV and parents, who were the obligatory carriers for that mutation, were asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to evaluate these asymptomatic parents in regard to mutation in MEFV gene and similarity between parents and offspring patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, asymptomatic parents of FMF patients enrolled the study were referred to periodic fever clinic or pediatric rheumatology clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The patients should have at least one mutation in MEFV gene and none of them had any family history of autoinflammatory disease. Twelve mutations in MEFV gene were assessed in the parents by Vienna Lab FMF Strip Assay kit by MAS PCR/Reverse hybridization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three patients and their parents participated in the study. Sixty-three percent (27) of patients were male. Onset of disease symptoms in 31 patients (72%) was before 4 years of old. Nine (21%) of the patients had homozygote, 16 (37%) compound heterozygote, and 17(40%) heterozygote for MEFV mutation; there was a case of complex alleles mutations (2%). M694V/M694V in 4 patients (9%) was the most homozygote genotype, and M694V/R761H in 4 (9%) and E148Q in 7 (16%) were the most compound heterozygote and heterozygote genotype, respectively. M694V, M680I, and E148Q were the most mutation in the parents. Overall, 41 patients had mutations similar to their parents' mutation, except 2 whose parents had no mutation, but a patient did.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that occurrence of new mutations in offspring is not prevalent among FMF patients and there are other reasons for different clinical presentation in similar mutation carriers. On the other hand, in ethnicities with high prevalence of FMF, new mutation in descendant may occur, infrequently.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"1902791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/1902791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36653144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Pitfalls of the Humanized Mice in Modeling Sepsis.","authors":"Krzysztof Laudanski, Michael Stentz, Matthew DiMeglio, William Furey, Toby Steinberg, Arpit Patel","doi":"10.1155/2018/6563454","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2018/6563454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humanized mice are a state-of-the-art tool used to study several diseases, helping to close the gap between mice and human immunology. This review focuses on the potential obstacles in the analysis of immune system performance between humans and humanized mice in the context of severe acute inflammation as seen in sepsis or other critical care illnesses. The extent to which the reconstituted human immune system in mice adequately compares to the performance of the human immune system in human hosts is still an evolving question. Although certain viral and protozoan infections can be replicated in humanized mice, whether a highly complex and dynamic systemic inflammation like sepsis can be accurately represented by current humanized mouse models in a clinically translatable manner is unclear. Humanized mice are xenotransplant animals in the most general terms. Several organs (e.g., bone marrow mesenchymal cells, endothelium) cannot interact with the grafted human leukocytes effectively due to species specificity. Also the interaction between mice gut flora and the human immune system may be paradoxical. Often, grafting is performed utilizing an identical batch of stem cells in highly inbred animals which fails to account for human heterogeneity. Limiting factors include the substantial cost and restricting supply of animals. Finally, humanized mice offer an opportunity to gain knowledge of human-like conditions, requiring careful data interpretation just as in nonhumanized animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6563454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6139216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36517534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Elevated Serum GM-CSF, IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-4, and TNF-<i>α</i> Concentration with Tobacco Smoke Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a South Indian Population.","authors":"Ankita Mitra,&nbsp;Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah,&nbsp;Tania Ahalya Thimraj,&nbsp;Mahendra Maheswarappa,&nbsp;Chaya Sindaghatta Krishnarao,&nbsp;Komarla Sundararaja Lokesh,&nbsp;Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah,&nbsp;Koustav Ganguly,&nbsp;Mahesh Padukudru Anand","doi":"10.1155/2018/2027856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2027856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating condition with limited pharmacotherapeutic options and exceptionally high public-health burden globally as well as in India. Tobacco smoking is the primary cause for COPD among men in India. Systemic inflammation involving altered regulation of cytokines controlling the host defense mechanism is a hallmark of COPD pathogenesis. However, biomarker discovery studies are limited among Indian COPD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the serum concentrations [median (25th-75th percentile) pg/ml] of interleukin (<b>IL</b>)-2,4,6,8,10, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (<b>GM-CSF</b>), interferon gamma (<b>IFN-</b><b>γ</b>), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (<b>TNF-</b><b>α</b>) using a multiplexed immunoassay. Our study cohort consisted of 30 tobacco smokers with COPD (<b>TS COPD</b>) and 20 tobacco smokers without COPD (<b>TS CONTROL</b>) from South India. The study population was matched for age, sex (male), and tobacco consumption (pack-years). COPD was diagnosed according to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria of persistent airflow obstruction determined by the ratio of postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC) of <0.7. A validated structured questionnaire-based survey [Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study] and spirometry were performed during house to house visit of the field study. Statistical analysis included nonparametric (two-tailed) Mann-Whitney U and Spearman rank test, as appropriate (significance: p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum GM-CSF [69.64 (46.67, 97.48); 36.78 (30.07, 53.88), p=0.014], IFN-<i>γ</i> [51.06 (17.00, 84.86); 11.70 (3.18, 32.81), p=0.017], IL-4 [9.09 (1.8, 19.9); 1.8 (1.8, 4.46); p=0.024], and TNF-<i>α</i> [20.68 (5.5, 29.26); 3.5 (3.5, 4.5); p<0.001] concentrations (pg/ml) were increased in TS COPD subjects compared to TS CONTROL. A weak correlation between lung function parameters and cytokine concentrations was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our pilot study reveals GM-CSF, IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-4, and TNF-<i>α</i> as plausible COPD susceptibility biomarkers within the investigated South Indian population that needs to be validated in a larger cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2027856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2027856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36436348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipleuritic and Vascular Permeability Inhibition of the Ethyl Acetate-Petroleum Ether Stem Bark Extract of <i>Maerua angolensis</i> DC (Capparaceae) in Murine.","authors":"Felix Agyei Ampadu,&nbsp;Eric Boakye-Gyasi,&nbsp;Newman Osafo,&nbsp;Charles Kwaku Benneh,&nbsp;Edmund Ekuadzi,&nbsp;Eric Woode","doi":"10.1155/2018/6123094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6123094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Maerua angolensis</i> has been used traditionally in the management of pain, arthritis, and rheumatism in Ghana and Nigeria but no scientific evidence is currently available to give credence to its folkloric use. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a stem bark extract of <i>Maerua angolensis</i> DC (MAE) in acute inflammatory models. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg^-1) on neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes in lung tissues and lung morphology were evaluated with the carrageenan induced pleurisy model in Sprague Dawley rats. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg^-1) on vascular permeability were also evaluated in the acetic acid induced vascular permeability in ICR mice. MAE significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and lung tissue damage in carrageenan induced pleurisy. MAE increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in lung tissues. The extract was also able to reduce myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in lung tissues in carrageenan induced rat pleurisy. Vascular permeability was also attenuated by the extract with marked reduction of Evans blue dye leakage in acetic acid induced permeability assay. The results indicated that <i>Maerua angolensis</i> is effective in ameliorating inflammation induced by carrageenan and acetic acid. It also has the potential of increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6123094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6123094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36401642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CFA-Induced Model of Inflammatory Skin Disease in Miniature Swine.","authors":"Nalú Navarro-Alvarez,&nbsp;Beatriz M M Gonçalves,&nbsp;Alec R Andrews,&nbsp;David H Sachs,&nbsp;Christene A Huang","doi":"10.1155/2018/6916920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6916920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Similarities between porcine and human skin make the pig an ideal model for preclinical studies of cutaneous inflammation and wound healing. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) has been used to induce inflammation and to study inflammatory pain in several animal models. Here, we evaluated the inflammation caused by CFA injected in different layers of skin and subcutaneous (SC) tissue in a large-animal model. The degree of inflammation was evaluated at early and late time points by visual inspection and histopathologic analysis. In addition, the side effects of CFA injections were evaluated based on clinical findings, behavioral changes, physiologic state, and (histo)pathologic lesions. Pigs were injected with CFA at the back of the neck's skin at different depths. All animals showed histologic signs of inflammation at the injection site. Animals injected SC did not show any signs of pain or distress (loss of appetite, abnormal behavior) and did not require pain medication. Inflammation was followed by measuring the area of induration beneath the skin. Animals injected into the dermis and/or epidermis demonstrated a severe inflammatory response on the skin surface with massive swelling, redness within 12hrs of CFA injection, and severe skin necrosis within a week, preventing accurate induration measurements. In contrast to animals injected SC, animals receiving intradermal and/or intraepidermal injection of CFA showed signs of distress requiring pain medication. <i>Conclusion</i>. SC injection of CFA in swine induces an inflammatory response that can be measured accurately by induration without causing unnecessary discomfort, providing a useful preclinical large-animal model of inflammatory skin disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"6916920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/6916920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36334114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Difference in Interleukin-19 Serum on Degrees of Acne Vulgaris Severity.","authors":"Moerbono Mochtar,&nbsp;Alamanda Murasmita,&nbsp;M Eko Irawanto,&nbsp;Indah Julianto,&nbsp;Harijono Kariosentono,&nbsp;Fajar Waskito","doi":"10.1155/2018/4141579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4141579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease. Recent study showed that inflammation does have a central role in the formation of both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in acne vulgaris. There are various findings of proinflammatory cytokines related to acne vulgaris, but no previous study correlate interleukin- (IL-) 19 to acne vulgaris. This pilot study aims to look at difference in IL-19 serum concentration on degrees of severity of acne vulgaris.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an analytical observational cross-sectional study. Sample subjects were patients with acne vulgaris who met the inclusion criteria. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) study was applied to measure IL-19 serum.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Analysis test found statistically significant difference between IL-19 serum concentration of group of patients with mild acne vulgaris and that of group of patients with severe acne vulgaris. Moreover, analysis revealed significant difference between IL-19 serum concentration of group of patients with moderate acne vulgaris and that of group of patients with severe acne vulgaris.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are differences in serum levels of IL-19 on the severity of acne vulgaris. The significant difference might show that inflammation has a core role in severity of acne vulgaris, and IL-19 might potentially be related to acne vulgaris.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4141579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4141579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36135406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>S</i>-Equol, a Major Isoflavone from Soybean, Inhibits Nitric Oxide Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Rat Astrocytes Partially via the GPR30-Mediated Pathway.","authors":"Mitsuaki Moriyama,&nbsp;Ayano Hashimoto,&nbsp;Hideyo Satoh,&nbsp;Kenji Kawabe,&nbsp;Mizue Ogawa,&nbsp;Katsura Takano,&nbsp;Yoichi Nakamura","doi":"10.1155/2018/8496973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8496973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cumulative evidence indicates that estrogen receptor (ER) agonists attenuate neuroinflammation. Equol, a major isoflavone from soybean, exhibits estrogen-like biological activity, but their effect on inflammatory response has not been well established. Here, we investigated the effect of <i>S</i>-equol on nitric oxide (NO) production, well-known inflammatory change in astrocytes stimulated by LPS. <i>S</i>-Equol attenuated LPS-induced NO production with a concomitant decrease in expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). <i>S</i>-Equol did not affect LPS-induced increase in intracellular ROS production. Intracellular ER blocker ICI 182.780 had no effect on <i>S</i>-equol-induced decrease in NO production. Addition of G-15, antagonist of G protein-coupled receptor 30 which is nongenomic ER and located on cell surface, partially recovered <i>S</i>-equol-induced attenuation of NO production. These findings suggest that attenuation of NO production by <i>S</i>-equol may mitigate LPS-induced neuroinflammation in astrocytes. <i>S</i>-Equol may exert a glioprotective effect, at least in part, via a nongenomic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2018 ","pages":"8496973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/8496973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36041547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}