International Journal of Immunogenetics最新文献

{"title":"HLA-C*01:02 and -C*04:03 May Confer Susceptibility to Treponema pallidum Infection in the Chinese Han Population.","authors":"Chen Chen, Fang Wang, Nanying Chen, Lina Dong, Wei Zhang, Ji He, Faming Zhu","doi":"10.1111/iji.12716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iji.12716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some associations between Treponema pallidum (TP) susceptibility and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci at low resolution have been reported. However, the data for TP infection and HLA alleles at high resolution are limited. The purpose of this study was to perform a high-resolution screen for HLA alleles that confer susceptibility to TP infection in the Chinese Han population. A total of 184 individuals with TP infection were included in the study, and 254 unrelated healthy blood donors were included in the control group. The samples were genotyped for the HLA-A, -C, -B, -DRB1, -DQB1 and -DPB1 loci using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The correlations between TP infection and the alleles and haplotypes of HLA loci were determined by statistical analysis. Five HLA alleles, including HLA-A*32:01 (0.00% vs. 1.57%, p = 0.024), -B*52:01 (1.36% vs. 4.13%, p = 0.025), -C*01:02 (22.55% vs. 16.54%, p = 0.029), -C*04:03 (1.63% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.046) and -DQB1*05:03 (1.63% vs. 4.13%, p = 0.046), are potentially associated with TP infection. However, no significant difference was detected after p value correction. The frequency of the HLA-A*33:03-C*03:02-B*58:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01-DPB1*05:01 haplotype in the control group was greater than that in the TP infection group (p = 0.002). In contrast, the frequency of the HLA-A*02:07-C*01:02-B*46:01-DRB1*08:03-DQB1*06:01-DPB1*02:01, HLA-A*11:01-C*03:04-B*13:01-DRB1*09:01-DQB1*03:03-DPB1*05:01, HLA-A*11:01-C*07:02-B*40:01-DRB1*08:03-DQB1*06:01-DPB1*02:01 and HLA-A*30:01-C*06:02-B*13:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:02-DPB1*02:01 haplotypes were lower in the control group than in the TP infection group (p < 0.05). HLA-C*01:02 and -C*04:03 may confer susceptibility to TP infection, whereas A*32:01, -B*52:01 and -DQB1*05:03 may protect against TP infection. These data are helpful in preventing and controlling TP transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quest for Antibodies and Other Acquired Immune Receptors: A Historical Perspective","authors":"Andrea De Lerma Barbaro,&nbsp;Sahar Balkhi,&nbsp;Stefano Giovannardi,&nbsp;Alberto Vianelli,&nbsp;Domenico Ribatti,&nbsp;Lorenzo Mortara","doi":"10.1111/iji.12712","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12712","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The diversity of antibody molecules has for decades been an unsolved enigma that has attracted wide interest among biologists. Parallel to the accumulation of experimental evidence, progress in antibody research was also driven by the theoretical debate that played a particularly prominent role, at least until the entry of molecular biology into this field of investigation. Several publications have examined this topic from a historical perspective. In this article, we aim to examine the history of research into the mechanisms underlying antibody diversity from a partly new standpoint. In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), progressively more distant on the evolutionary scale from humans and mice—in non-model mammals, birds, amphibians, bony and cartilaginous fish—certain mechanisms for the diversity of acquired immunity receptors (B-cell receptors [BCR]/immunoglobulins [Ig] and T-cell receptors [TCR]) have been described that are quite unexpected on the basis of what has emerged from biomedical immunology studies. What is more, in <i>Agnatha</i> vertebrates, in several invertebrate phyla and even in bacteria, forms of adaptive immunity have been discovered, based on the ability to finely tune the host defence response to the infectious threats. These defence systems show some similarities with the acquired immunity of jawed vertebrates, although they are based on mechanisms and receptors totally different from BCR/Ig and TCR. Therefore, our aim is to investigate how the theoretical debate on antibody diversity, which developed in the 20th century, partly anticipated some of the central themes in the current research on adaptive immunity systems discovered in the previously mentioned non-model systems. With this aim, we have reformulated, in the language of modern biology, some of the hypotheses advanced in the first decades of antibody diversity research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 3","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iji.12712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Rare Coding Variants in 470,000 UK Biobank Participants Reveals Genetic Associations With Childhood Asthma Predisposition","authors":"Zhenzhen Liu,&nbsp;David Curtis","doi":"10.1111/iji.12714","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12714","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies of genetic contributions to risk of childhood asthma have implicated common variants with small effect sizes. Some studies using exome sequence data have reported associations with rare coding variants having larger effects on risk, notably an analysis of 145,000 subjects which found association with loss of function (LOF) variants in <i>FLG</i>, the gene coding for filaggrin. Here, we report the results of an analysis of rare nonsynonymous and LOF variants, carried out on the full UK Biobank cohort of 470,000 exome-sequenced participants. The phenotype of childhood asthma was defined as reporting asthma with onset before 18. Regression analysis was applied to gene-wise tests for association of LOF and nonsynonymous variants. Forty-five tests using different pathogenicity predictors were applied to the first cohort of 200,000 participants. Subsequently, the 100 genes showing strongest evidence for association were analysed in the second cohort of 270,000 participants, using only the best-performing predictor for each gene. For <i>FLG</i>, separate analyses were carried out for participants with atopic dermatitis. Three genes achieved statistical significance after correction for testing these 100 genes: <i>FLG</i>, <i>IL33</i> and <i>PRKCQ</i>. The effects on asthma risk and frequencies of variants in different functional categories were characterised for these genes. Damaging coding variants were associated with increased risk of asthma in <i>FLG</i> and <i>IL33</i> but reduced risk in <i>PRKCQ</i>. <i>FLG</i> LOF variants were also associated with the risk of atopic dermatitis, and their effect on asthma risk was higher in people who reported a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. Rare coding variants in a small number of genes have important effects on asthma risk. Further study of individual variant effects might elucidate mechanisms of pathogenesis. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 3","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomenclature for Factors of the HLA System, Update January, February and March 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/iji.12713","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12713","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The following sequences have been submitted to the Nomenclature Committee since the October, November and December 2024 nomenclature update (Marsh, <span>2025</span>) and, following agreed policy, have been assigned official allele designations (Marsh et al. <span>2010</span>). Full details of all sequences will be published in a forthcoming report.</p><p>Below are listed the newly assigned sequences (Table 1) and confirmations of previously reported sequences (Table 2). The accession number of each sequence is given and these can be used to retrieve the sequence files from the EMBL, GenBank or DDBJ data libraries. Although accession numbers have been assigned by the data-libraries and most sequences are already available, there is still the possibility that an author may not yet have allowed the sequence to be released; in such a case you will have to contact the submitting author directly. Additional information pertaining to new sequences is often included in the publications describing these alleles; a listing of recent publications that describe new HLA sequences is given in Table 3.</p><p>An N suffix was added to the DRB4*01:03:01:26 allele in February 2025, now making it DRB4*01:03:01:26N, as this allele was shown to have the same splice mutation as was previously reported in the DRB4*01:03:01:02N allele.</p><p>All new and confirmatory sequences should now be submitted directly to the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System via the IPD-IMGT/HLA Database using the sequence submission tool provided (Barker et al. <span>2023</span>; Robinson et al. <span>2024</span>). The IPD-IMGT/HLA Database may be accessed via the World Wide Web at: www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla</p>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 3","pages":"162-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iji.12713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Potential Link Between HLA-DRB1/DQB1 Alleles and Response to Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","authors":"Ahmad Tahamoli-Roudsari,&nbsp;Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani,&nbsp;Zahra Basiri,&nbsp;Mehrdad Hajilooi,&nbsp;Ghasem Solgi","doi":"10.1111/iji.12711","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12711","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aimed to determine the association of <i>HLA-DRB1/-DQB1</i> alleles with response to treatment and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status in Iranian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A total of 167 RA patients, including 114 good responders (GRs) and 53 poor responders (PRs) as well as 330 ethnic-matched healthy controls, participated in this study. Disease activity and treatment response were assessed using the Disease Activity Score 28-joint (DAS28) scores during the 9-month post-treatment. <i>HLA-DRB1/-DQB1</i> alleles were identified using polymerase chain reaction with a sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) method and compared between the study groups. Of the patients, 106 (63.5%) were ACPA-positive, 88 (52.7%) human leucocyte antigen (<i>HLA</i>)-shared epitope (<i>SE</i>)-positive, 64 (38.3%) ACPA+<i>SE</i>+ and 37 (22.2%) ACPA−<i>SE</i>−. <i>HLA-SE</i> alleles were significantly more frequent in patients (<i>p</i> = 3.2e − 05), in PR versus GR patients (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and in ACPA+ versus ACPA− patients (<i>p</i> = 0.009). PR patients had a higher prevalence of ACPA+<i>SE</i>+ compared to GR patients (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Higher frequencies of <i>DRB1*04:02</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 0.03), <i>*04:04</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 0.007), <i>*04:05</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 5.0e − 05), *<i>10:01</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 1.0e − 04), <i>DQB1*03:02</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 0.002) and <i>*05:01</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 0.002) alleles, and lower frequencies of <i>DRB1*04:01</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 0.007), <i>*11:01</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 0.03), <i>*13:01</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 0.03) and <i>DQB1*06:03</i> (<i>p</i>_c = 0.03) alleles were observed in patients compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest a relationship between <i>HLA-SE</i> alleles and ACPA development and a potential link between <i>HLA-SE</i>/non-<i>SE</i> alleles and therapeutic responses in RA patients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 3","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of HISTO SPOT HLA AB With Cross-Match Results","authors":"Madeleine R. Harris,&nbsp;Andrew Canterbury,&nbsp;Judith E. Worthington,&nbsp;Marcus P. Lowe,&nbsp;Marie E. Hampson,&nbsp;Kay V. Poulton","doi":"10.1111/iji.12710","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12710","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single antigen bead assays have revolutionised the identification and definition of HLA-specific antibodies and HLA-specific antibody profiles present in patients awaiting transplantation are routinely characterised to inform organ allocation. For highly sensitised patients with a lower likelihood of finding a compatible donor, de-listing of unacceptable antigens is an option to release organ offers. In this study, 164 serum samples from 106 potential renal transplant recipients were tested using HISTO SPOT HLA AB in parallel with testing by LABScreen Single Antigen (One Lambda) and cross-matching by both CDC and flow cytometry. The results were analysed to assess the ability of HISTO SPOT HLA AB to predict a cross-match result and to understand the relative sensitivity of this test compared with other available assays. 136 samples analysed were positive for donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) using HISTO SPOT HLA AB. Of these, 17 (12.5%) were CDC positive, and 82 (60.3%) were positive by flow cytometry. A total of 28 sera which were negative for DSAs using HISTO SPOT HLA AB were negative by CDC and 25 (89.3%) were also flow cytometry cross-match negative. In this early study, HISTO SPOT HLA AB has a 100% negative predictive value for CDC and 89.3% for flow cytometry cross-matching. HISTO SPOT may therefore prove a useful additional tool to inform de-listing strategies and to facilitate transplantation in highly sensitised patients.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 3","pages":"135-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of TNFRSF13B Gene Polymorphisms With SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Severity, and Humoral Immune Response in a Moroccan Population","authors":"Oumaima Laazaazia,&nbsp;Ahd Ouladlahsen,&nbsp;Safaa Aqillouch,&nbsp;Haya Altawalah,&nbsp;Oumaima Bouddahab,&nbsp;Rachid Noureddine,&nbsp;Pascal Pineau,&nbsp;Mustapha Lkhider,&nbsp;Sayeh Ezzikouri","doi":"10.1111/iji.12709","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12709","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Background and Aims: Genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the <i>TNFRSF13B</i> gene, which regulates humoral immunity, can influence susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aims to investigate the association between two polymorphisms, rs12603708 and rs3751987, and SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, disease severity, and humoral immune responses in a Moroccan population.</p>\u0000 <p>Materials and Methods: A total of 303 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients (151 severe cases and 152 asymptomatic/moderate cases) and 150 individuals from a SARS-CoV-2-negative group were included in the analysis. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan SNP assays. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid protein and IgG antibodies specific to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) were quantified using chemiluminescence microparticles immunoassay. Complete blood counts and C-reactive protein levels were evaluated using an automated platform.</p>\u0000 <p>Results: Our analysis revealed that the A/A genotype of rs12603708 significantly increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both codominant (<i>p</i> = 0.0055; OR = 3.74; adjusted <i>p</i> value = 0.022) and recessive (<i>p</i> = 0.0049; OR = 3.17; adjusted <i>p</i> value = 0.022) models, as well as the risk of severe disease (<i>p</i> = 0.014; OR = 3.43; adjusted <i>p</i> value = 0.049). For rs3751987, the G/G genotype was linked to higher susceptibility to infection (<i>p</i> = 0.0011; OR = 2.91; adjusted <i>p</i> value = 0.008), while the G/A genotype appeared protective (<i>p</i> = 0.0007; OR = 0.45; adjusted <i>p</i> value = 0.008). No association was found between rs3751987 and disease severity. Analysis of IgG anti-N and anti-RBD levels revealed no significant associations with either polymorphism (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 <p>Conclusion: These findings highlight the role of <i>TNFRSF13B</i> polymorphisms in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and severity, while their impact on humoral immune responses appears limited.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 2","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended Typing of Common Erythrocyte Antigens in Tunisian Blood Donors and Its Usefulness in Transfusion Immunology","authors":"Mohamed Hichem Sellami,&nbsp;Hamida Ferchichi,&nbsp;Eya Ghazouani,&nbsp;Noura Dellai,&nbsp;Yesmine Boughzala,&nbsp;Wafa Aissa,&nbsp;Manel Chaabane,&nbsp;Houda Kâabi,&nbsp;Slama Hmida","doi":"10.1111/iji.12708","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12708","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extended RBC antigens typing is very valuable in transfusion immunology since it is highly recommended to ensure better transfusion practices and avoid transfusion-related complications and to establish registries for rare blood donors as recommended by the International Society of Blood Transfusion and World Health Organization.</p>\u0000 <p>A group of 236 Tunisian blood donors were genotyped for 19 common blood loci using the Sequence-specific primers polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method. The statistical analysis was done using the HaploView Software.</p>\u0000 <p>The study showed the dominance of the loci: <i>RHCE*e</i>, <i>KEL*02</i>, <i>FY*02</i> and <i>CO*01;</i> and the absence of the homozygous state of the <i>CO*02</i> allele. Furthermore, two complete linkage disequilibrium leading to the absence of the two alleles <i>RHCE*C-RHCE*E (C-E)</i> and <i>FY*01N.01</i> (<i>FY*Anull</i>) were detected. Additionally, it appeared that approximately 91% of these blood donors are positive for the <i>RHD</i> gene; and all subjects who lacked the <i>RHD</i> exon 10 are homozygous for the <i>RHCE*c</i> and <i>RHCE*e</i> variants. The study also revealed that the RH1 negative blood cannot be universal to the Rh system because almost all RH1 negative donated blood is RH:-2,4,-3,5 (ccee), which may constitute a risk in some recipients carrying the anti-RH4 and/or anti-RH5 antibodies.</p>\u0000 <p>Considering that some donated RBC units may contain blood with very immunogenic phenotypes, great caution is required when transfusing some subjects, especially in emergency situations because it can be a step towards subsequent complex or multiple alloimmunization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 2","pages":"66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomenclature for Factors of the HLA System, Update October, November and December 2024","authors":"Steven G. E. Marsh","doi":"10.1111/iji.12707","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12707","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The following sequences have been submitted to the Nomenclature Committee since the July, August and September 2024 nomenclature update (Marsh, <span>2024</span>) and, following agreed policy, have been assigned official allele designations (Marsh et al. <span>2010</span>). Full details of all sequences will be published in a forthcoming report.</p><p>Below are listed the newly assigned sequences (Table 1) and confirmations of previously reported sequences (Table 2). The accession number of each sequence is given, and these can be used to retrieve the sequence files from the EMBL, GenBank or DDBJ data libraries. Although accession numbers have been assigned by the data libraries and most sequences are already available, there is still the possibility that an author may not yet have allowed the sequence to be released; in such a case, you will have to contact the submitting author directly. Additional information pertaining to new sequences is often included in the publications describing these alleles; a listing of recent publications that describe new HLA sequences is given in Table 3.</p><p>The DRB1*15:13 allele has had a Q suffix added in December 2024, now making it DRB1*15:13Q, as it was recognised in having the same amino acid deletion as had previously been described in the DRB1*11:272Q allele. The C*04:09N allele has had its suffix changed from N to L in December 2024 and is now designated C*04:09L based on information published recently indicating that this allele showed detectable levels of expression (Welters et al. <span>2024</span>). A further 6 alleles, MICA*023, MICA*026, MICA*036, MICB*005:04, MICB*005:02:02 and MICB*002:01:34 were all deleted in October 2024 following the resequencing of the original material in which these alleles were first described.</p><p>All new and confirmatory sequences should now be submitted directly to the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System via the IPD-IMGT/HLA Database using the sequence submission tool provided (Barker et al. <span>2023</span>; Robinson, Barker, and Marsh <span>2024</span>). The IPD-IMGT/HLA Database may be accessed via the World Wide Web at: www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla</p><p>The author declares no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 2","pages":"88-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iji.12707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of HLA-B Leader (−21M/T) Dimorphism With Bw4/Bw6 Epitopes on Graft Versus Host Disease After Allogenic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in North Indians","authors":"Disha Agarwal,&nbsp;Gaurav Sharma,&nbsp;Alka Khadwal,&nbsp;Pankaj Malhotra","doi":"10.1111/iji.12706","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iji.12706","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High degree of variability in human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) system restricts availability of histocompatible HLA-matched-related donors, thus increasing reliance on worldwide bone marrow registries network. Nevertheless, due to limited coverage/accessibility/affordability of some ethnicities in these registries, haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) emerged as an alternative option, though with allorecognition-mediated graft versus host disease (GvHD) (&gt;40% cases). A dimorphism [−21 methionine (M) or threonine (T)] in HLA-B leader peptide (exon 1) which differentially influences its HLA-E binding, plausibly regulates natural killer cell functionality, affecting GvHD vulnerability and clinically in practice for donor selection. Here, we analysed population-specific influence of this functionally relevant dimorphism on post HSCT GvHD occurrence and clinical utility (if any) towards defining donor permissibility. High resolution HLA-B genotyping data were analysed in 178 study participants, including 89 HSCT patient–donor pairs, for the frequency distribution of −21 leader dimorphism. Distribution of HLA-Bw4/Bw6 was deduced with killer cell immunoglobulin receptor ligand calculator tool in IPD-IMGT/HLA database. Though −21T (∼85%) was over represented in the study participants, no significant influence is observed for this variant between HLA-identical v/s haplo HSCT either with or without GvHD, at allelic and genotypic levels as well as in BLEAT (HLA-B Leader Assessment Tool)-based donor–recipient matching. Stratified analysis of −21 M/T into Bw4/Bw6 groups revealed a higher frequency of −21T + Bw4 in GvHD (+) group compared to GvHD (−) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), plausibly linking this haplotype with occurrence of GvHD post HSCT and importance of HLA class I-mediated NK cell functionality in GvHD.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14003,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunogenetics","volume":"52 2","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}