Kenechukwu A. Onubogu, I. Medina-Ramírez, S. Bashir, Zhiping Luo, J. Liu
{"title":"Colloidal Synthesis and Nanocharacterization of Engineered Noble Metal Nanoparticles","authors":"Kenechukwu A. Onubogu, I. Medina-Ramírez, S. Bashir, Zhiping Luo, J. Liu","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574932","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Engineered noble (silver [Ag], gold [Au], and platinum [Pt]) metallic nanoparticles (ENPs) were prepared in gum arabic solutions using a facile, economical, and nontoxic synthetic route. Advanced instrumentation techniques (ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering) were applied to characterize the morphology, particle size distribution, elemental composition, and electrokinetics behavior of the ENPs. The analytical results of morphology and elemental composition suggest a size-controlled growth mechanism that yields monodispersed metallic particles (3.5–10.2 nm in diameter), indicating that the nanostructured products were highly crystalline and monodispersed. Zeta potential data confirmed that stable ENPs can be produced using a green chemistry approach. The ENPs displayed excellent stability as measured by zeta potential from −55 to −35 mV over a 2...","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"140 1","pages":"140-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74885378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dhanasekaran, S. Latha, S. Saha, N. Thajuddin, A. Panneerselvam
{"title":"Biosynthesis and Antimicrobial Potential of Metal Nanoparticles","authors":"D. Dhanasekaran, S. Latha, S. Saha, N. Thajuddin, A. Panneerselvam","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574545","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major developments in nanotechnology is the production, manipulation, and use of materials ranging in size from less than a micrometer to that of individual atoms in biology. Though nanomaterials may be synthesized by various physical and chemical methods, synthesis is now possible with the use of biological systems. Nanoparticles synthesized using biological resources have excellent antimicrobial activity. In this review, we critically assess the role of biological entities in the synthesis and antimicrobial potential of metal nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"72-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86684048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pegah Esmaeilzadeh, Z. Fakhroueian, H. Zamanizadeh, B. Rasekh
{"title":"Single-Walled Natural Protein Nanotubes Soluble in Polar Solvent","authors":"Pegah Esmaeilzadeh, Z. Fakhroueian, H. Zamanizadeh, B. Rasekh","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574529","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nano-biotechnology has the ability to unravel nature's secrets, yielding a deeper understanding of how she effortlessly produces intricate structures from simple building blocks. Attempts are made to mimic the natural bottom-up fabrication with the aim of creating new and varied milk protein nanotubes structures with valuable uses. A novel design and synthesis of various α-lactalbumin protein nanotubes by chemical hydrolysis (sol-gel method) and biochemical enzymatic hydrolysis as fabricated. Using different organic surfactants (directing agents) as suitable templates in order to form various remarkable structures such as beaded protein nanotubes, Y-junction, bamboo-shaped, perpendicular and horizontal hollow, sweep-like network and interesting morphologies including nanoemulsions and green nanofluids for application in food and pharmaceutical industries is the essential goal of this research. Several surfactants (for example, nonionic acetylacetone [acac], citric acid, urea, triethanolamine [TEA...","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"2672 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82753598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles with Different Capping Agents","authors":"S. V. Kumar, S. Ganesan","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biocompatible gold nanoparticles have gained considerable attention in recent years for potential applications in bio-diagnostics, gas sensing, catalysis, and nanomedicine due to their interesting size-dependent properties. In the present work a chemical reduction method is used to produce gold nanoparticles with different capping agents. These nanoparticles were prepared by reducing HAuCl4 using citrate and trialanine phosphine (THPAL) and then capping with citrate, starch, and gum arabic. This article describes a general method for the preparation of citrate-, starch-, and gum arabic–coated gold nanoparticles. Non-toxic, water-soluble THPAL was used as a reducing agent in this process. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"35 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81589147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Coconut Water","authors":"P. J. Babu, R. Das, Anil Kumar, Utpal Bora","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574534","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We report the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using coconut water through microwave irradiation. Synthesis was found to be very rapid with an optimum time of 17 s. The particles obtained were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The synthesized gold nanoparticles were found to be mostly spherical with an average diameter of 10.5 ± 5 nm. The crystalline nature of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis suggested the presence of organic biomolecules on the surface of the gold nanoprticles, which may be responsible for the stability of the particles. Cytotoxicity of the gold nanoparticles was tested on two human cancer cell lines, HeLa (human cervical cancer) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer), and found to be nontoxic, which thus proved their biocompatibility. The method exploits a cheap and easily available biomaterial th...","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"93 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78189433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mukherjee, Aaron Katarya, N. McMaster, Maria Gonzalez, Resham Bhattacharya
{"title":"Synthesis of Silver Nanocubes by Photoreduction of Silver Salts in the Presence of Proteins","authors":"P. Mukherjee, Aaron Katarya, N. McMaster, Maria Gonzalez, Resham Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574930","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article describes for the first time a novel method for the synthesis of silver nanocubes at room temperature in the presence of proteins with the evolution of unique colors.","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"66 13","pages":"134-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72604181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saravanakumar Arthanari, Nachipalayam Muthusamy Ramaswamy, K. R. Mani
{"title":"Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Chitosan and Alginate Microspheres Loaded Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine: A Comparative Study","authors":"Saravanakumar Arthanari, Nachipalayam Muthusamy Ramaswamy, K. R. Mani","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.571637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.571637","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The feasibility and utility of in vitro methods to assess the release pattern of chitosan and alginate microspheres containing experimental tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccines were evaluated. Herein, TT was stabilized and encapsulated in chitosan (TTCH) and alginate (TTAL) microspheres by a W/O/W multiple emulsion method using sucrose as a protein stabilizer. Optimization of processing parameters was studied with regard to polymer concentration, cross-linker concentration, and stirrer speed. The morphology of TTCH and TTAL microspheres prepared was smooth and spherical in shape with a diameter of around 10 μm. The vaccine entrapment and the in vitro release efficiency of both TTCH and TTAL were evaluated by differing stabilizer (sucrose) concentrations (5, 7, 10, and 12% w/v) for a period of 70 days. Antigen releases from microspheres were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). From the results it was concluded that 1 and 4% (polymers), 1700 and 8000 rpm (stirrer speed), and 5 and 8% (...","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75440968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO/ZnNb2O6 Nanocomposite and Its Application as Humidity and LPG Sensor","authors":"B. Yadav, R. Srivastava, A. Yadav, T. Shukla","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present article reports the synthesis and characterization of ZnO/ZnNb2O6 nanocomposite and its humidity and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensing behavior at room temperature. Pellets from the powder of synthesized material were calcined at 150, 300, 450, and 550°C for 3 h and tested for their humidity and LPG sensing ability separately. Each heat-treated pellet was exposed to humidity under controlled conditions, and variations in resistance with variations in humidity were measured. Similarly, heat treated pellets were exposed to LPG and variations in resistance were recorded. Electrical sensitivities of sensing material at different temperatures were also evaluated. After chemical mixing of niobium oxide with zinc oxide, the average sensitivity of a sensor increased from 8 to 19 MΩ/% relative humidity (RH) over the range from 10 to 95% RH at room temperature and in the case of LPG sensing, the maximum sensitivity was 12.","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"2 1","pages":"56-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74442828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bashir, Karthik R. Chamakura, Rafael Pérez-Ballestero, Zhiping Luo, J. Liu
{"title":"Mechanism of Silver Nanoparticles as a Disinfectant","authors":"S. Bashir, Karthik R. Chamakura, Rafael Pérez-Ballestero, Zhiping Luo, J. Liu","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574926","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using environmentally friendly synthesis techniques, monodispersive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were engineered. These particles exhibited bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli under both light and dark conditions. Unlike sodium hypochlorite, which demonstrated almost immediate disinfection, AgNPs required 30 min. In contrast to hypochlorite, however, the minimum dose of AgNPs decreased as the incubation time increased to less than 1 part per million. The mechanism whereby the nanoparticles inactivate the microbe is speculated to incorporate three distinct pathways. Collectively, the advantages of using AgNPs are (1) long-term efficacy; (2) effectiveness at ultralow doses; and (3) generation of little or no waste during the synthesis.","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":"118-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73837584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Yadav, Monika Singh, R. Srivastava, C. D. Dwivedi
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on Moisture Sensing Behavior of La2O3 with La(OH)3 at Nanoscale","authors":"B. Yadav, Monika Singh, R. Srivastava, C. D. Dwivedi","doi":"10.1080/19430892.2011.574566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19430892.2011.574566","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article reports the moisture-sensing behavior of a nanostructured La2O3 and La(OH)3. Pellets of this material were prepared and used as a sensing element after successive thermal annealing for 2 h at different temperatures of 200, 400, 600, and 800°C. After each annealing step, this sensing element was placed in a conductivity holder and exposed to humidity. Variations in resistance with relative humidity were recorded. The sensing material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A close look of the scanning electron micrographs confirms that the sensing element annealed at 400°C was more porous and uniform than the other samples. The maximum average sensitivity obtained was 19 MΩ/% relative humidity (RH) and results were found to be reproducible. The crystallite size of the sensing material was found to be in the range of 30–140 nm. The mass loss of the sensing material at different temperatures was also studied.","PeriodicalId":13985,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Nanotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"98-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83271350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}