InsightPub Date : 2026-04-10DOI: 10.1002/inst.70048
Kevin Robinson, Tommie Liddy
{"title":"Acquirer Driven Digital Engineering Transformation","authors":"Kevin Robinson, Tommie Liddy","doi":"10.1002/inst.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inst.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Digital Engineering, like any initiative, should have a clear purpose and direction. For organisations that sit as Acquirers/Clients the Digital Transformation may not seem immediately valuable. However, for this group Digital Engineering can provide opportunities to tightly engage with their supplier network, understand trade-offs through design and upgraded lifecycles and enhanced supplier outcomes.</p>\u0000 <p>This paper discusses the benefits and challenges of adopting Digital Engineering in the Concept Phase, where most of the project costs are committed. It highlights that the greatest return on investment for Digital Engineering is during Concept Phase as the flow of authoritative information permeates the remainder of the lifecycle. This presents the case for acquisition agencies to both drive the application of Digital Engineering within their industry and lead by example, through Digital Engineering adoption.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13956,"journal":{"name":"Insight","volume":"29 2","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InsightPub Date : 2026-04-10DOI: 10.1002/inst.70045
Barend Botha
{"title":"Proving the Path: Validating Functional-Outcomes-Driven Tailoring (FODT) Through Practical Applications","authors":"Barend Botha","doi":"10.1002/inst.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inst.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a previous article, we proposed functional-outcome-driven tailoring (FODT) as a fresh and structured approach to managing the lifecycle of complex engineered systems. Recognizing that FODT introduces a shift from traditional methodology-centric thinking to functional and outcome-driven tailoring, this follow-up addresses the natural next step: exploring whether the approach holds up in practice and how it can be implemented with confidence.</p>\u0000 <p>This article investigates the validity of FODT by referencing real-world analogs, policy alignment, and engineering trends across both traditional sectors (such as defense and aerospace) and broader industries (such as transportation, energy, civil infrastructure, and healthcare). While FODT formalizes a novel name, it is not untested—it draws on principles and practices already emerging in the defense and aerospace sectors. The goal is to support program and engineering leaders in confidently adopting FODT by grounding the approach in current evidence, operational precedents, and structured rollout guidance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13956,"journal":{"name":"Insight","volume":"29 2","pages":"63-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
InsightPub Date : 2026-04-10DOI: 10.1002/inst.70047
Ramakrishnan Raman, Nikhil Gupta, Yogananda Jeppu
{"title":"Framework for Formal Verification of Machine Learning Based Complex System-of-Systems","authors":"Ramakrishnan Raman, Nikhil Gupta, Yogananda Jeppu","doi":"10.1002/inst.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/inst.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A complex system is characterized by emergence of global properties which are very difficult, if not impossible, to anticipate just from complete knowledge of component behaviors. Emergence, hierarchical organization, and numerosity are some of the characteristics of complex systems. Recently, there has been an exponential increase on the adoption of various neural network-based machine learning models to govern the functionality and behavior of systems. With this increasing system complexity, achieving confidence in systems becomes even more difficult. Further, ease of interconnectivity among systems is permeating numerous system-of-systems, wherein multiple independent systems are expected to interact and collaborate to achieve unparalleled levels of functionality. Traditional verification and validation approaches are often inadequate to bring in the nuances of potential emergent behavior in a system-of-systems, which may be positive or negative. This paper describes a novel approach towards application of machine learning based classifiers and formal methods for analyzing and evaluating emergent behavior of complex system-of-systems that comprise a hybrid of constituent systems governed by conventional models and machine learning models. The proposed approach involves developing a machine learning classifier model that learns on potential negative and positive emergent behaviors, and predicts the behavior exhibited. A formal verification model is then developed to assert negative emergent behavior. The approach is illustrated through the case of a swarm of autonomous UAVs flying in a formation, and dynamically changing the shape of the formation, to support varying mission scenarios. The effectiveness and performance of the approach are quantified.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13956,"journal":{"name":"Insight","volume":"29 2","pages":"18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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