{"title":"The Application of Hardware in the Loop for Single Phase Converters Based on DSP Controller at Solar Energy Systems","authors":"A. Karaarslan","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.2.127-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.2.127-132","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to build an effective Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation platform for developing and testing DSP-controlled power converters. The HIL is a form of real-time simulation and differs from conventional simulations. The real-time requirements for such simulations depend on the time-scale of the process and the simulated components involved. A high-performance real-time simulation environment is necessary to obtain high precision results when time steps are too small. In this study, the detailed implementation of a very-low-cost real-time HIL simulation using open-source operating system and a relatively advanced hardware platform using averaged switch approach for the embedded controllers is presented. The proposed system consists of PC-based open-source Real Time Operation System (RTOS) and DSP. The sample rate of this system is reduced to 15 μs range based on RTOS. As an example, the HIL testing approach is applied for the controller design of AC-DC Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter. The consistency of the experimental results with the theoretical results proves the applicability of the proposed testing approach. This approach will be useful for power electronics application of solar systems. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82874010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction of Hourly Generated Electric Power Using Artificial Neural Network for Combined Cycle Power Plant","authors":"B. Akdemir","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.2.91-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.2.91-95","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is one the important subjects in the world because of its cost and achievable. In order to reduce energy costs, some kinds of plants may have founded and are managed related to demands and environmental conditions. Artificial neural network is one of the famous artificial intelligent in literature to solve nonlinear problems from medical to constructions. Artificial neural network uses nodes to weights to achieve the output. In this study, obtainable power per hour from combined gas and steam turbine power plant tries to be predicted. Data include 9685 features and 4 variables. Artificial neural network results have been evaluated with mean square error and two fold cross validation. Mean square error and two-fold cross validation are statistical evaluation methods to evaluate the results. Dataset divided 2 sections to test and train. Two datasets are trained and tested using two fold cross validation and generated R value to evaluate the fitting performance. R is famous comparing method to figure out the fitting ability. The obtained mean square error after two fold cross validation and R value are 3.176 and 0.96675, respectively. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"86 1","pages":"91-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82406349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jyotsna Singh, Saurabh Ratra, Rajive Tiwari, K. R. Niazi
{"title":"An Analytical Approach to Find Optimal Location and Sizing of DGs for Power Loss Reduction and Voltage Stability Improvement","authors":"Jyotsna Singh, Saurabh Ratra, Rajive Tiwari, K. R. Niazi","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.4.189-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.4.189-193","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution Generation (DG) is emerging as potential alternative against the rapidly depleting conventional energy resources. Integration of DG in distribution system has significant impact on total energy losses, voltage profile and voltage stability. In this paper new technique is proposed to determine optimal location and size of DGs for power loss reduction and improvement in voltage profile. Distribution System Voltage Stability Index (DSVSI) based approach is carried out to identify critical buses and allocation of different types of DGs supplying real and reactive power. The proposed method is tested on 33-bus radial distribution system and results show the effectiveness of proposed method. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"86 1","pages":"189-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76573781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenping Xie, Zuyan Zhang, N. Xu, Li Li, Z. Wang, Xiaoyu Luo
{"title":"Research on Aeolian Vibration of a Conductor Based on Finite Particle Method","authors":"Wenping Xie, Zuyan Zhang, N. Xu, Li Li, Z. Wang, Xiaoyu Luo","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.3.143-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.3.143-151","url":null,"abstract":"Destruction of transmission lines due to Aeolian vibration is more and more serious recently with wide applications of the Ultra High Voltage Technology, so it is necessary to study the response of Aeolian vibration of conductor. This paper uses the finite particle method which is different from the energy balance method to research the transmission line’s response under Aeolian vibration. Base on vector mechanics of structures, the finite particle method divides a structure into particles which are linked by elements. The movement of the particles is followed by the Newton’s second law. By establishing the relationship between the Stockbridge-type damper’s force and particle’s displacement, the responses of Aeolian vibrations of conductors with different type dampers and that with different locations of dampers are calculated. Because the finite particle method can consider the damper’s dynamic characteristics, the mass and geometric nonlinearity of a conductor, this method can produce a more accurate analysis result than the energy balance method. At last, the three-dimensional response of Aeolian vibration of conductor is calculated which shows the damping will weaken the lateral movement of a conductor. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"11 11 1","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78803319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stochastic Volt/Var Planning and Operation for Microgrids with Renewables","authors":"N. K. Meena, A. Swarnkar, N. Gupta, K. R. Niazi","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.3.159-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.3.159-164","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an optimal planning and operation of wind turbines, photovoltaics, and SCs simultaneously for Volt/Var control in microgrids. In planning stage, net present value of total investment is maximized comprising investment cost, operation cost and cost of energy transaction with grid. The reactive power dispatch optimized during microgrid operation. The proposed Volt/Var model considers the probabilistic behavior of wind, solar irradiation and demand simultaneously which is solved by genetic algorithm. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE-33 bus distribution system that is used as microgrid. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82273209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Sun, Mengyang Jia, Jun Lu, Baogang Zhang, Wan-qing Yang
{"title":"Research on Smart Grid Users’ Power Consumption Behavior Classification Based on Improved k-Means Algorithm","authors":"Yi Sun, Mengyang Jia, Jun Lu, Baogang Zhang, Wan-qing Yang","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.1.6-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.1.6-10","url":null,"abstract":"Now, the number of smart gird users is increasing. The classification of smart grid users has become the basis of user behavior analysis, load forecasting and demand response. This paper improves the traditional k-means algorithm that is the most common users’ classification algorithm. This improved k-means algorithm uses a new distance calculation method to replace the Euclidean distance. The paper firstly uses two distance calculation methods to process the same set of users load data. Then two different cluster results of smart grid users are acquired. Finally, we uses the cluster validity index Mean Index Adequacy (MIA) to evaluate two results that respectively get from traditional k-means algorithm and improved k-means algorithm. This simulation verifies that the improved kmeans algorithm is better than the traditional k-means algorithm. The improved k-means algorithm not only eliminates the normalization of all samples but also makes the clustering result better. And our improved k-means algorithm can solve the smart grid users’ classification problem better. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"31 1","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76894706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Zahid, M. Haq, Sidra Zahid, Abdullah Khan, Muhammad Mansoor, Ahmed Khan
{"title":"Feasibility Analysis of 100kW Grid Connected PV System: A Case Study at Karachi","authors":"U. Zahid, M. Haq, Sidra Zahid, Abdullah Khan, Muhammad Mansoor, Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.3.165-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.3.165-173","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Karachi, with its ever growing population and an immense solar potential through rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system in urban areas is proving to provide a propitious investment opportunity for both domestic and industrial sectors. This is leading towards trends of moderate to small scale electricity production through solar power in many areas of city, with applications ranging from industrial processes to meeting the typical household electrical requirements. In conformance with this shifting tendency for attaining sustainable power generation, this paper aims to present the theoretical and practical aspects behind the working of a 100 kW roof-mounted PV system at Sindh Industrial Trading Estate (SITE) Area, Karachi. The analysis follows a systematic procedure, highlighting the key aspects of the working components and overall system design. It also includes the detailed study of output production and its comparative analysis with the local solar potential which was obtained through PVsyst software. Lastly, system contribution towards Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction is also discussed. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"61 1","pages":"165-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90719246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving Flexible Feed-in Tariff Modeling for Renewable Energy Pricing","authors":"N. Çetinkaya","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.2.122-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.2.122-126","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy support for the world-wide accepted Feed-in Tariff (FiT) policy is being used effectively. FiT support policies, structure and application vary between countries. This paper compares some existing support applied policies. A new model that might be more effective is proposed. Other objects of this study are to protect and to win more for operators, investors and consumers. The proposed flexible pricing model is depending on a country’s economic status, the energy market and energy production plants technical data. Also support models are explored in the energy investments. The proposed new model's performance is also explored. Cost-efficiency analyses by using the proposed model have been conducted for Turkey. Conclusions are discussed to find the best support model for renewable energy power plant systems. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"6 1","pages":"122-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75423709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Reliable Strategy in Order to Islanding Detection Based on Combined Active and Passive Techniques","authors":"M. Ebtehaj, B. Sobhani, Behnam Sobhani","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.2.84-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.2.84-90","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract—One of the serious concern of grid connected distributed resources is islanding problem. This condition should be prevented due to several reasons concerning such as personnel and equipment safety. This paper investigated a mixed passive and active islanding detection method using energy of rate of change of active power (EROCOAP) and disturbance applying through q-axis of dq-current controller. Reduction of Non detection Zone to as close as possible and keeping the output power quality unchanged in normal condition are main emphasis of the proposed scheme. In addition, this technique can also overcome the problem of setting the detection thresholds inherent in the existing techniques. In this study, we propose to use a hybrid active and passive method for islanding detection. At first, the energy of ROCOAP is calculated for settling time of case study system. If this value becomes higher than threshold value, disturbance is applied to q-axis of current controller. By frequency measurement islanding condition is detected. The simulations results, carried out by MATLAB/Simulink, shows that the proposed method has a small non detection zone. Also, this method is capable of detecting islanding accurately within the minimum standard time.","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"33 1","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72675850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Yin, Sichuan China State Grid Deyang Power Supply Co. Ltd., Rui Ding
{"title":"Fault Location in Self-Healing Distribution Networks","authors":"Q. Yin, Sichuan China State Grid Deyang Power Supply Co. Ltd., Rui Ding","doi":"10.18178/IJOEE.4.4.217-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/IJOEE.4.4.217-220","url":null,"abstract":"Research on fault location in self-healing distribution system has been conducted for decades. However, a complete solution has not yet been found. This paper reviews the existed fault location methods in distribution system, except the SLG (Single-line-to-ground) fault in NUGS (Neutral un-effectively grounded system). The discussed faults in this paper are the short circuit faults which would cause large fault current and could be detected by over-current relay in substation. The principles and developments of several typical fault location methods are introduced in the paper. At last, possible improvements are proposed at the end of the paper. ","PeriodicalId":13951,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Energy","volume":"57 1","pages":"217-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75969764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}