International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science最新文献

{"title":"Trend of mortality rate due to traffic accidents in Iran from 2006 to 2020: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Saeed Erfanpoor,&nbsp;Jalil Hasani,&nbsp;Seyed Davood Mirtorabi,&nbsp;Reza Haj Manouchehri,&nbsp;Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_58_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_58_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traffic accidents are a common global cause of mortality and physical disability. This study aimed to investigate traffic accident-related mortality trends across provinces in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, information on all deaths caused by traffic accidents in Iran from 2006 to 2020 was collected from the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, which collects annual data from all 31 Iranian provinces. The national and provincial demographics were assessed, and the trends in mortality rates were assessed over a 15-year span using joinpoint regression based on the log-linear model, with results expressed in terms of annual percentage change (APC). The analysis for the trend was performed using the Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 291,774 traffic accident-related deaths occurred in Iran, of which 78.6% were men and 21.4% were women. The mean age of the deceased was 37.75 ± 20.89 years. The mortality rate has dropped from 39/100,000 in 2006 to 18.3/100,000 in 2020. In total, the national mortality rate APC for 2006-2015 was -6.3% (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and for 2015-2020 was - 1.70% (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the overall decreasing national trend in Iran's traffic accident-related mortality over the study period, the provincial variability was noted. Therefore, it seems necessary to design and conduct epidemiological studies in different areas and provinces, for a better and more accurate understanding of the factors affecting the occurrence of traffic accident-related deaths, resulting in more focused and measurable interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"73-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10401555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of dexmedetomidine dosing in a cohort of neurologically injured obese critically ill patients.","authors":"Harrison He,&nbsp;Sara A Atyia,&nbsp;Keaton S Smetana,&nbsp;Casey C May","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_74_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_74_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dexmedetomidine is used in neurocritical care units (NCCUs) due to the light, dose-dependent sedation, and anxiolysis provided. It is unknown how to dose dexmedetomidine in obese patients. The primary objective is to assess the ability to achieve the goal Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) measurements in obese patients with a neurological injury who are solely on dexmedetomidine before and after an institutional dosing change from actual body weight (ABW) to adjusted body weight (AdjBW).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included patients admitted to the NCCU with a neurological condition, required dexmedetomidine for at least 8 h as a sole sedative, and weighed ≥120% of ideal body weight. Percentage of RASS measurements within the goal range (-1 to +1) during the first 48 h while on dexmedetomidine were compared between patients dosed on ABW and on AdjBW.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-eight patients in the ABW cohort and 72 patients in the AdjBW cohort were included. There were no statistical differences between the two groups (ABW vs. AdjBW) in the percent of RASS measurements in the goal range (53.2% ± 34.8% vs. 55% ± 37%; <i>P</i> = 0.78), mean weight (99.2 ± 26 vs. 96.8 ± 20.9 kg; <i>P</i> = 0.55), or the average dose of dexmedetomidine required to achieve first goal RASS score (0.4 ± 0.3 vs. 0.4 ± 0.3 mcg/kg/h; <i>P</i> = 0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dosing dexmedetomidine using AdjBW in obese critically ill neurologically injured patients for ongoing sedation resulted in no statistical difference in the percent of RASS measurements within the goal when compared to ABW dosing. Further studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10401559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's New in Critical Illness and Injury Science? Weighing the evidence for dexmedetomidine dosing in critically ill patients with obesity.","authors":"Rana Hejal, Andrea Popa, Maribel Llamas Rangel, Kenneth E Remy","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_25_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10401556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9955802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a pharmacist-based toxicology consult service on appropriate use of intravenous N-acetylcysteine for acetaminophen toxicity: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jonathan A Summerlin,&nbsp;Kellie M Wang,&nbsp;Andre J McMahon,&nbsp;Jeremy A Lund","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_88_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_88_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Incorporating clinical pharmacists on the medical team has been associated with fewer medication errors and increased error interception. Due to the logistical complexities of the intravenous (IV) N-acetylcysteine (NAC) regimen for acetaminophen toxicity, many opportunities for medication errors exist. A pharmacist-based toxicology consultation service was implemented at our institution, allowing pharmacists to formally aid in the management of toxicology patients throughout their hospital admission, including those with acetaminophen toxicity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a house-wide pharmacist-based toxicology consult service on errors associated with IV NAC treatment for patients admitted with acetaminophen toxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, pre-post cohort study was conducted on patients who received IV NAC for acetaminophen toxicity. The intervention evaluated was the implementation of a pharmacist-based toxicology consult service, known as the pharmacy toxicology team. The primary end point was the incidence of an error associated with IV NAC. An error was defined as the composite of inappropriate dose, administration rate, initiation, continuation, or discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-four patients were included; 30 patients in the pregroup, and 54 patients in the postgroup. Fewer patients experienced an error in the postgroup compared to the pregroup (30% vs 63%, <i>P</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of this unique pharmacist-based toxicology consult service was associated with fewer patients experiencing an error related to IV NAC therapy for acetaminophen toxicity. Application of this data may aid in the justification for development of clinical pharmacist-based toxicology consult services at other institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"13 2","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10401558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effects of tranexamic acid, nitroglycerin, and remifentanil on the prevention of bleeding during herniated lumbar intervertebral disc surgery: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Hesameddin Modir,&nbsp;Esmail Moshiri,&nbsp;Aidin Shakeri,&nbsp;Mohamad Khalatbari","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_40_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgery is a well-known and effective method of treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. The present study aimed to compare the effects of administering tranexamic acid (TXA), nitroglycerin (NTG), and remifentanil (REF) on hemorrhage prevention during herniated lumbar intervertebral disc surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 135 participants undergoing lumbar intervertebral disc surgery. A randomized block design was used for subject assignment to three groups including TXA, NTG, and REF. The hemodynamic parameters, bleeding rate, hemoglobin level, and the amount of infused propofol were measured and recorded after surgery. Data were then analyzed in SPSS software using Chi-square test and analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants in the study was 42.12 ± 7.93 years, and all three groups were equal in terms of demographic characteristics (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the TXA and NTG groups was notably higher than the REF group (<i>P</i> < 0.008). The mean heart rate (HR) of the TXA and NTG groups was notably higher than the REF group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The propofol dosage used in the TXA group was higher than the two groups of NTG and REF (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among participants undergoing lumbar intervertebral disc surgery, the greatest MAP variability was observed in the NTG group. Higher mean HR and propofol consumption was observed in the NTG and TXA groups when compared to REF. No statistically significant differences were noted between groups in oxygen saturation or bleeding risk. Based on these findings, REF may be considered a preferred surgical adjunct over TXA and NTG during lumbar intervertebral disc surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10167810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9461398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common obstetrics and gynecologic topics in critical care: A narrative review.","authors":"Julia Ritchie,&nbsp;Meredith L Birsner,&nbsp;Israel Zighelboim,&nbsp;Nicholas P Taylor","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_20_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_20_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fields of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Critical Care often share medically and surgically complex patients. Peripartum anatomic and physiologic changes can predispose or exacerbate certain conditions and rapid action is often needed. This review discusses some of the most common conditions responsible for the admission of obstetrical and gynecological patients to the critical care unit. We will consider both obstetrical and gynecologic concepts including postpartum hemorrhage, antepartum hemorrhage, abnormal uterine bleeding, preeclampsia and eclampsia, venous thromboembolism, amniotic fluid embolism, sepsis and septic shock, obstetrical trauma, acute abdomen, malignancies, peripartum cardiomyopathy, and substance abuse. This article aims to be a primer for the Critical Care provider.</p>","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"38-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10167811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9461402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's New in Critical Illness and Injury Science? Evidence and limitations for using S100β to diagnose and risk stratify critically ill patients with delirium","authors":"AndrewC Miller","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_51_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_51_23","url":null,"abstract":"Delirium is a transient fluctuating global disorder of cognition associated with increased morbidity and mortality and has a prevalence of up to 80% among intensive care unit (ICU) patients.[1–3] ICU delirium may be a predictor of increased complications, prolonged ICU and non-ICU hospital length of stay (LOS), increased hospital costs, long-term disability, long-term cognitive impairment, decreased odds of discharge home, and increased hospital mortality.[1] Moreover, ICU delirium has been associated with the development of incident neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, trauma, stress-related disorders, and neurocognitive disorders.[4] However, clinical management has been limited by the lack of an effective, reliable, and readily available biomarker to aid in the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis, and to aid clinical management. S100b protein is a calcium-binding protein that is mainly found in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system and Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system.[5] As such, S100β has been investigated as a biomarker for injury to the blood–brain barrier and/or astrocyte injury and has been reported to correlate with the degree of blood–brain barrier destruction and the severity and scope of brain injury.[5–7] Previously, S100β has been correlated with the development of delirium and cognitive changes after surgery in patients who are not critically ill.[6,8–11] Similarly, others have reported that delirium and neurologic outcomes may correlate with S100β in critically ill patients.[6,7,12–14] However, there are significant limitations and gaps in the available literature. The current studies display a predominance of male subjects (up to 65%), advanced age, and low levels of racial diversity among the study groups.[6,7,12–17] All current studies among critically ill populations have all been performed in China (n = 3),[5,12,13] the United States (n = 2),[6,7] Belgium (n = 2),[14,15] the Netherlands (n = 1),[17] or Brazil (n = 1).[16] Furthermore, limitations in study design limit the generalizability of the reported findings, including small sample sizes, differences in the study group populations (trauma vs. medical), differences in illness severity as evidenced by wide ranges on validated illness severity indices, and an absence of randomized studies (e.g. only observational and case–control studies).[5–7,12–17] In addition, the comparability of the preillness baseline health of the study populations across studies is unclear as only the US studies have reported a validated index for this (e.g. the Charlson Comorbidity Index).[5–7,12–17] Among the ICU populations, S100β levels have been reported to positively correlate with ICU LOS and readmission (trauma populations),[5,13] and adverse outcomes (mixed medical/surgical, trauma populations).[13,14] In addition, S100B was negatively correlated with global cognition up to 12 months after hospital discharge in a mixed medical/surg","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of the range of motion and dynamic stability of the ankle joint of athletes with an ankle sprain as compared to healthy controls: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mohammad Ahsan, AhmedI Alomar, Shibili Nuhmani, QassimI Muaidi","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ankle sprains are the most common lower-leg musculoskeletal injuries, frequently occurring among athletes and other physical activity individuals. The objective of this study was to compare the ankle range of motion and dynamic stability of healthy and injured athletes for their dominant and nondominant legs. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was selected to investigate this study with 32 male soccer players with average age: 22.6 ± 3.3 years, weight: 69.6 ± 5.7 kg, height: 176.8 ± 5.32 cm, with a history of a lateral ankle sprain on the dominant leg for the past 2 years. Ankle range of motion was determined using dorsiflexion and plantar flexion by a goniometer. The dynamic stability was determined using the SWAY medical system. An independent t-test was used to study the differences between healthy and injured groups and between dominant and nondominant legs for dynamic stability, dorsiflexion, and plantar flexion range. Results: There were higher significant differences for dynamic stability in healthy participants than in injured participants for their dominant (P = 0.001) and nondominant (P = 0.001) legs. There were significant differences in dynamic stability in the dominant and nondominant leg (healthy [P = 0.033] and injured [P = 0.000] participants). The dominant leg shows higher dynamic stability in healthy group, whereas nondominant leg shows higher dynamic stability in the injured group. Conclusion: The study found significant differences between the injured and sound legs. The injured dominant and nondominant leg revealed a striking disparity in the ankle range of motion. Therefore, the study demonstrated that ankle sprain causes due to less stability of the ankle joint, which limits ankle movements.","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac arrest in an emergency department in Colombia during 2011–2020: A descriptive study","authors":"JaimeAndres Quintero, JhonnyAlexander Medina, DavidAndres de Paz, DiegoFernando Scarpetta, CristianAndres Castro, NegirethAngell Paker, SandraMilena Carvajal","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_87_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_87_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiac arrest is a public health problem related to high morbidity and mortality. In Colombia, objective data characterize in our population has been not available. The aim of this study has been to determined the epidemiological characteristics of patients with cardiorespiratory arrest treated in an emergency room. Methods: A retrospective observational cross-sectional cohort study was performed. We included adult patients admitted with a diagnostic of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) or who presented with in-hospital cardiac arrest while in the emergency department (ED). Results: A total of 415 patients were included 232 were men, and the median age was 67 years. OHCA was presented in 383 patients. In this group, 80.2% required orotracheal intubation, 90.1% received Epinephrine, and and 52.6% received immediate resuscitation. Survival after discharge was 43.1% in patients with non-shockable rhythm registered. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 49.6%. The survival after hospital discharge was 22.2%. Cerebral performance category score <=2 was 20.4%. Conclusion: In our study, the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of patients seen in the ED with cardiac arrest are similar to those described in the literature.","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the rate of fluid resuscitation and acute kidney injury: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Kianoush Kashani, Swetha Reddy, Bo Hu","doi":"10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Septic shock is the leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. The foundation of early septic shock management includes early fluid resuscitation, but the association between fluid resuscitation rates and kidney outcomes remains unclear. This investigation examines the association between fluid resuscitation rate and AKI recovery. Methods: In the medical intensive care unit of Mayo Clinic Rochester, adult patients with AKI and septic shock were retrospectively studied from January 1, 2006 to May 31, 2018. The surviving sepsis campaign recommends an initial fluid bolus of 30 ml/kg for sepsis resuscitation. The cohort of patients was divided into three groups based on the average fluid resuscitation time (<1 h, 1.1–3 h, >3 h) and the corresponding fluid rate ≥0.5, 0.17–0.49, and <0.17 ml/kg/min, respectively. The primary outcome was the recovery of AKI on day 7. To account for potential confounders, multivariable regression analyses were conducted. Results: After meeting the eligibility, 597 patients were included in the analysis. The AKI recovery was considerably different among the groups (P = 0.006). Patients in group 1 who received fluid resuscitation faster had a higher rate of AKI recovery (53%) compared to group 2 and group 3 (50% and 37.8%). Conclusion: In septic shock patients with AKI, a higher fluid resuscitation rate of 30 ml/kg IV fluids within the 1st-h sepsis diagnosis (i.e., >0.50 ml/kg/min) lead to higher AKI recovery compared with slower infusion rates.","PeriodicalId":13938,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}