Muhammad Yusri Ismail, M.S. Beg, M.F. Jamlos, W.H. Azmi, N.H. Badrulhisam, Omar I. Awad
{"title":"Potential and Limitation of Internet of Things (IOT) Application in the Automotive Industry: An Overview","authors":"Muhammad Yusri Ismail, M.S. Beg, M.F. Jamlos, W.H. Azmi, N.H. Badrulhisam, Omar I. Awad","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.06.0766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.06.0766","url":null,"abstract":"With yearly output exceeding 70 million units, the automotive industry is one of the world's largest manufacturing industries. According to worldwide estimates, the car industry's global revenue was an astounding 3 trillion dollars equating to a combined global GDP of 3.65 percent. The emergence of IoT in the automobile sector has created new opportunities for automakers and purchasers worldwide. With industrial and commercial applications, IoT in the automobile industry has developed into a significant hotspot for a variety of multipurpose applications. From linked automobiles to automated transportation systems, Internet of Things applications have had a significant impact on the worldwide automotive business. The Internet of Things, along with other disruptive technologies, is reshaping the automobile sector as a whole. The evolution of this sector has resulted in the birth of ground-breaking advancements in automobiles, namely linked and autonomous vehicles. Different types of internet of things technology have significant qualities that make them viable candidates as a technology for use in automotive industry. This paper focuses on internet of things latest findings done by previous researcher and describes the operation of the technology. Moreover, this paper also provides insights into some countermeasures against internet of things.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82347503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zulkifli, M. H. Peeie, M. A. Zakaria, M. I. Ishak, M.A. Shahrom, B. Kujunni
{"title":"Motion Planning and Tracking Trajectory of an Autonomous Emergency Braking Pedestrian (AEB-P) System Based on Different Brake Pad Friction Coefficients on Dry Road Surface","authors":"A. Zulkifli, M. H. Peeie, M. A. Zakaria, M. I. Ishak, M.A. Shahrom, B. Kujunni","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.12.0772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.12.0772","url":null,"abstract":"Accidents between vehicles and pedestrians usually occur when a pedestrian is crossing the road. An Autonomous Emergency Braking Pedestrian (AEB-P) is introduced to prevent collisions between vehicles and pedestrians. However, the performance of an AEB-P will be reduced when the brake pad is worn out on a dry road. In this study, the motion planning, namely Vehicle Conditional Artificial Potential Field (VC-APF), including a warning signal and emergency brake phase that generate the vehicle’s deceleration, is proposed to analyze the effect of brake pad on the AEB-P performance. Then, the vehicle’s deceleration is tracked by the tracking trajectory, where the PI controller is adapted to provide the optimum braking force. The function of PI control is to ensure the vehicle’s deceleration is approaching the desired deceleration. The performance of the proposed method has been simulated on the dry road surface with different brake pad coefficients; 0.4, 0.35, and 0.24. The simulation results show that the vehicle manages to stop colliding with a pedestrian on the dry road surface at the minimum safety distance range of 2.7-2.9 meters.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79680509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Lab Scale MAVeP Mobility Prototype","authors":"Mohd Azri Abd Mutalib, Norsinnira Zainul Azlan","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.09.0769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.09.0769","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development, calibration and mechanism control of lab scale Motorised Adjustable Vertical Platform (MAVeP) mobility prototype. MAVeP has been developed and equipped with mecanum wheels to allow an omnidirectional movement. The omnidirectionality, or the ability to move in any direction, without altering the direction of the MAVeP’s body, makes this type of driving useful, especially in narrow and confined areas such as inside satellite assembly, integration and test centre (AITC). Since MAVeP has been delivered at AITC and high accuracy and repeatability movement are crucial during the application, a robot prototype representing MAVeP mobility has been designed and developed. The mechanical and electrical design, including all processes and components, are selected and explained in detail. The development of the robot prototype, its parameters and calibration are also discussed. The DC motor control for separate wheels of the MAVeP mobility prototype using PID controller and the calibrations to synchronous the four wheels’ rotation are also discussed in this paper. The experimental result shows that the robot prototype is established and ready to be used in research.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78236238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Novel Spiral Duct Particulate Matter Separator for Internal Combustion Engines","authors":"D. Vashist, M. Bindra","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.11.0771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.11.0771","url":null,"abstract":"In compliance with the stringent BS-VI emission norms, control of particulate matter in diesel engine exhaust emission is currently achieved through diesel particulate filters, catalytic convertors, and baffle filters of various designs. In the present study a device comprised of a spiral duct with an increasing cross-sectional area over the length is designed and developed. The duct has a lining of heat-resistant and porous material fixed along the inside walls. The inlet of the devices is connected to the outlet of the tailpipe of the exhaust system. The device will collect the particulate matter in the heat-resistant porous lining along the walls of the spiral. The developed device is simple, economical and easily serviceable. The developed spiral duct particulate matter separator was tested on diesel vehicles, and the smoke density of tailpipe emission was measured in terms of the light absorption coefficient. During the analysis it was found that there is a reduction in light absorption coefficient by 25.37%. The developed design also overcomes the clogging problem of the exhaust system, which is a cause of backpressure in the case of conventional particulate filters. The design of the device is such that it can be easily retrofitted in the existing fleet of vehicles, making them compliant with stringent statuary emission norms.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91268784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Ashraful Islam, M.A. Hasib, M. Hasan, S. Talapatra
{"title":"Deformation Behaviour and Mechanical Response of Closed-cell Cellular Materials under Projectile Impact Using Various Shapes Impactors","authors":"Md. Ashraful Islam, M.A. Hasib, M. Hasan, S. Talapatra","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.10.0770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.10.0770","url":null,"abstract":"Closed-cell cellular materials gained tremendous interest in their application in aerospace, shipbuilding and defence industries due to their exceptional impact energy absorption and lightweight characteristics. To assess the suitability of these materials in practical utilisation, a proper characterisation in dynamic loading is necessary. This paper investigates closed-cell aluminium foam's deformation behaviour due to low-velocity projectile impact in experimentation and finite element analysis. The collapse mechanism was numerically and empirically examined. The experiment and the finite element analysis were found to be in good agreement. The low-velocity projectile impact tests were conducted using an instrumented drop-tower with several projectile tips with an impact energy of 105 J. Finite Element modelling using ABAQUS explicit was undertaken. The results reveal that FE modelling of true foam properties using solid geometry has a good correlation with experimental results. In this study, four impactors/indenters (flat-faced, hemispheric, conical, and truncated-conical) were used. A detailed structural collapse during the low-velocity dynamic impact has been explored with XCT data and finite element tools.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82853584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Polytetrafluoroethylene Binder Content on Gravimetric Capacitance and Life Cycle Stability of Graphene Supercapacitor","authors":"M. Azam, R.N.A.R. Seman, M.A. Mohamed, M.H. Ani","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.08.0768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.08.0768","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major elements in determining the supercapacitor performance is the development of a nano-layered structure through facilitating the surface-dependent electrochemical reaction processes. Carbon-based nanomaterials especially graphene, has attracted tremendous interest in electrical charge and power sources including supercapacitor because of their exceptional properties, which include high conductivity and large specific surface area. In this paper, the effect of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder ratio (1, 5, 10, and 15 wt. %) on the electrochemical performance of graphene supercapacitor are evaluated. In addition, the facile and scalable preparation of graphene electrodes by using low-cost slurry technique is proposed. From the conducted experimental works, it was found that the fabricated graphene electrodes exhibit superior electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications with a specific gravimetric capacitance of up to 373 F g−1. Moreover, the graphene electrode presented excellent cyclic stability with 99 % specific capacitance retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles hence promising for long‐lasting supercapacitors. The outcomes from the deliberated study serve as the basis of knowledge in the development of a cost-effective graphene-based materials production for energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82614964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virinchi Krishna Lagisetti, P. A., Chamaiporn Sukjamsri, V. P
{"title":"Machinability Study on AA6061/2 SiC / Graphite Hybrid Nanocomposites Fabricated through Ultrasonic Assisted Stir Casting","authors":"Virinchi Krishna Lagisetti, P. A., Chamaiporn Sukjamsri, V. P","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.07.0767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.07.0767","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium-based hybrid metal matrix nanocomposites (AA-HMNCs) have numerous applications due to their higher strength-to-weight ratio and good mechanical and tribological properties. However, the machinability aspect of these materials must be carefully explored before employing them in various engineering applications. The present study involves the fabrication of AA6061/2 wt.% SiC/x wt.% graphite (x= 1, 2, 3) hybrid nanocomposites and subsequently subjecting them to machinability investigation. All the hybrid nanocomposite samples are fabricated through ultrasonic assisted stir casting technique. The effect of machining parameters and graphite content of the sample on cutting force and surface roughness is discussed based on experimental data. Experiments are performed based on the central composite design of response surface methodology, and the corresponding output responses are recorded. ANOVA analysis revealed that the graphite content has the highest authority over surface roughness and cutting force. High cutting speeds accompanied by low feed and depth of cut have resulted in reduced cutting forces and better surface finish. Chip morphology studies have also subsequently indicated better machinability with increased graphite content.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82837627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field-Dependent Viscoelastic Properties of Graphite-based Magnetorheological Grease","authors":"N.A.M. Nasir, Nurhazimah, N. Mohamad, S.A. Mazlan, N.A. Nordin, E.F. Shair, M.A.A. Rahman","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.04.0764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.04.0764","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the effect of graphite on the dynamic viscoelastic properties of magnetorheological grease (MRG). Two types of MRG namely MRG and graphite-MRG, GMRG with 0 wt.% and 10 wt. % of graphite respectively was synthesized by using a mechanical stirrer. The rheological properties of both sample at various magnetic field strength from 0 to 0.603 T was analyzed via rheometer under oscillatory mode with strain ranging from 0.001 to 1% with fixed frequency at 1 Hz for strain sweep and frequency ranging from 0.1 to 80 Hz at a constant strain of 0.01 % for frequency sweep. Based on the result obtained, the value of storage and loss modulus are dependent on the graphite content. A high value of storage modulus was achieved in the GMRG sample at all applied magnetic field strengths within all frequency ranges. These phenomena related to the contribution of graphite to forming the chain structure with CIPs and offered a more stable and stronger structure as compared with MRG. Moreover, the reduction in the value of loss modulus in GMRG was noticed compared to MRG at on-state conditions reflected by the stable structure obtained by GMRG. Lastly, both samples displayed a strong solid-like (elastic) behavior due to the high value of storage modulus, G’ acquired compared to loss modulus, G’’ at all frequency ranges. Therefore, the utilization of graphite in MRG can be used in wide applications such as brake and seismic dampers.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83386459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. W. Lee, Hedy Soon Keey Tiew, Wei Chang, M. Ishak, Assoc. Professor Dr Farzad Ismail
{"title":"Drag Reduction on a Three Dimensional Teardrop-Shaped Body Car with Different Stagnation Points","authors":"M. W. Lee, Hedy Soon Keey Tiew, Wei Chang, M. Ishak, Assoc. Professor Dr Farzad Ismail","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.01.0761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.01.0761","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term goal in the automotive industry is to reduce fuel consumption and environmental pollution without compromising the aerodynamic performance of the car. Herein, the aerodynamic performance of an in-house designed Shell Eco-Marathon prototype car is analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Shape optimization of the Shell car is executed to reduce drag by modifying the rear underbody profile and stagnation point position. The effect of one modification to another is studied to determine the changes to overall flow around the car and, more importantly, the lift and drag coefficients. It has been found that the stagnation point height has a higher influence on the aerodynamic performance of the car compared to variations of the rear underbody, with optimum drag reductions of 17% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, combining the two best configurations to the car reduces CD by 25%, and this marks the highest drag reduction achieved in this study.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75528589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supply Chain Management of Outsourcing Module Components Decision-Making using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Visual Basic Application in Automotive Body-in-White Welding Assembly Line","authors":"A. F. Fudzin, A. Mokhtar, M. Muhammad","doi":"10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.03.0763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.03.0763","url":null,"abstract":"Supply Chain Management (SCM) has gained the attention of business organizations as it affects corporate efficiency and competitive advantage. Component outsourcing is an important element of SCM practices and is considered to be a multi-criteria decision-making problem (MCDM) in vendor selection processes. However, decision-making on the selection of vendors is crucial, as the outsourcing program is influenced by multiple technical and commercial criteria of vendors. Developing an Excel-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model for vendor selection therefore helps to simplify selection processes. In this paper, a Visual Basic Application (VBA) Excel-based AHP model was developed, which multiple criteria, sub-criteria and vendors and simultaneously compared with multiple main criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives for vendor selection. The model was validated with a case study of selecting a vendor for module components of body-in-white (BIW) in automotive industry as industrial application. As a result, vendor A is the best vendor since it has the highest overall score of 0.35206. Whereas vendor B is 0.239, vendor C is 0.126, vendor D is 0.146 and vendor E 0.135. In addition, the model is capable of resolving other MCDM problems. This paper provides resources such as AHP methodology, validating method and VBA code programming to readers in developing their own VBA Excel-based model.","PeriodicalId":13935,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76062506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}