{"title":"A novel tar–silica sol bonded no-cement Al2O3–SiC–C castable with improved carbon dispersion and SiC whisker formation","authors":"Minghui Li, Chuanyang Cai, Gang Qi, Siwei Lv, Saisai Li, Ruoyu Chen","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study prepared a novel carbon–silica (C–S) suspension, incorporating tar as the carbon source and silica sol as the binder. With robust bonding capabilities, it replaced conventional spherical bitumen in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiC–C (ASC) (where SiC is silicon carbide) refractory castables. Two key advantages were identified: improved carbon dispersion and in situ generation of SiC whiskers. This work advances the development of no-cement castables by using silica sol as a binder, avoiding the drawbacks of traditional cement systems and enhancing high-temperature performance. The effects of tar additions on the microstructure, phase composition, high-temperature properties, oxidation behavior, and slag erosion resistance of C–S–ASC castables were systematically investigated. Results showed that 4 wt.% tar addition led to more uniform carbon distribution than conventional castables. Industrial Computed tomography (CT) analysis revealed a notable increase in matrix density, indicating effective SiC whisker formation. Consequently, thermal modulus of rupture, oxidation resistance, and slag erosion resistance were significantly improved. Specifically, thermal shock resistance (residual strength ratio = 61.1%) increased by 24% and oxidation resistance (<i>ω</i> = 69.5%) by 20.9%, compared to castables with traditional carbon sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Song, Chao Tian, Rui Li, Lin Tian, Changhe Gao, Shulong Ma, ShiTong Luo, MingJun Duan
{"title":"Modification mechanism of the aluminum–zirconium coupling agent in anti-erosion coating for cement kilns","authors":"Bo Song, Chao Tian, Rui Li, Lin Tian, Changhe Gao, Shulong Ma, ShiTong Luo, MingJun Duan","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to improve the properties of refractories for cement kilns, reduce the energy loss in the calcination process of cement kiln. In this work, the anti-erosion coatings were prepared by the slurry method using alumina as the filler of coating and aluminum–zirconium coupling agent (DH-550) as additive. The steric effects mechanism of DH-550 was investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), high-temperature abrasion resistance tests, and microstructure analysis after erosion. The results show that the substrate without coatings exhibits poor erosion and abrasion resistance. Upon the addition of DH-550, the hydrolysis of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> generates an increased density of surface hydroxyl groups, which facilitate the chemisorption of DH-550 onto the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> surface, forming a protective organic–inorganic hybrid layer. The grafted DH-550 molecules introduce steric hindrance effects, thereby effectively increasing interparticle distances and mitigating agglomeration. Consequently, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is uniformly distributed on the substrate surface after drying, enabling the formation of 3Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·2SiO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> phases at the interface during the high-temperature heat treatment. The pores are filled by Al<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> formation, and a dense protective layer is subsequently formed, leading to significantly improved erosion resistance. The overall performance of the sample is optimal when the DH-550 addition amount is 2 wt%.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avnee Chauhan, Andreas Frickel, Sabine Begand, Mathias Herrmann, Enrico Bernardo, Dušan Galusek
{"title":"Highly dense translucent CeO2‒δ·(RE, Y, Sm, La)2O3 (RE = Dy, Gd) high-entropy ceramics for multi-wavelength emission","authors":"Avnee Chauhan, Andreas Frickel, Sabine Begand, Mathias Herrmann, Enrico Bernardo, Dušan Galusek","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reports the synthesis of translucent, high-entropy oxide (HEO) ceramics with the composition CeO<sub>2‒</sub><i><sub>δ</sub></i>·(RE, La, Sm, Y)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (RE = Dy, Gd), and a single-phase bixbyite structure (space group Ia-3). The materials were prepared by reactive sintering at 1600°C in air, achieving translucency through optimized ball milling of precursor oxides and refinement of processing parameters. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy confirmed phase purity and a highly dense microstructure, with relative densities exceeding 99%. The samples were translucent in the visible and near-infrared part of the spectrum. To improve the transparency, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1600°C and 185 MPa was employed on the samples sintered for 6 h. HIP induced partial phase separation, impairing translucency. The effect of dwell time on luminescence properties of reactive sintered samples was also studied. Ultraviolet‒visible spectroscopy revealed a narrower bandgap and an enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity in the sample sintered for 6 h, as a result of a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies. PL under 302 nm excitation displayed multi-wavelength emissions peaking at 432, 572, and 653 nm, producing near-cold white light. Time-resolved PL decay analysis indicated multiple luminescence centers with efficient energy transfer (e.g., Ce<sup>3+</sup> to Sm<sup>3+</sup>/Dy<sup>3+</sup>/Gd<sup>3+</sup>).</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijac.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preformed and in-situ spinel-containing alumina castables: Effect of in situ ZnAl2O4 formation","authors":"Satyam Kumar, Ritwik Sarkar","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of in situ ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> formation by the addition of ZnO on the properties of preformed and in situ MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel-containing cement-bonded alumina castable has been investigated. 2 wt.% ZnO was added in the 10 and 20 wt.% spinel in preformed and 2.8 and 5.6 wt.% MgO in in situ spinel-containing alumina castables, respectively. Calcium aluminate cement was employed as a binder, and the flow consistency of the castables was adjusted using the Dinger–Funk model with distribution coefficients of.21 and.29. All the samples were assessed for densification and strength studies after heat treatment at different temperatures. 1550°C fired samples were evaluated for phase development, microstructure with EDAX, and slag corrosion study. ZnO-containing alumina spinel castables were finally compared against the compositions without additives. The results revealed that the formation of ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> has significantly improved the densification, mechanical, thermomechanical, and corrosion properties. Microstructural studies show that the in situ formed ZnAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phase makes a solid solution with the spinel (MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) phase in the composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combustion synthesis of ultra-high temperature ceramics: Review","authors":"Alexander S. Mukasyan, Alexander S. Rogachev","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Novel and future-oriented aerospace, energy, transportation, and other industrial technologies require materials capable of operating at temperatures above 2000°C. Ultra-high temperature ceramic materials (UHTCs), based on carbides, borides, carbonitrides, and nitrides of transition metals—many with melting points exceeding 3000°C—possess the necessary properties for such applications. However, traditional powder metallurgy methods for producing these materials are complex, energy-intensive, and typically require ultra-high temperature equipment. The combustion synthesis (CS) method, also known as self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), offers a rapid and efficient alternative. It leverages the exothermic heat generated during chemical reactions to produce UHTCs without external heating sources. This review discusses the achievements of CS in synthesizing a wide range of UHTCs—from simple compounds to complex, multicomponent “high-entropy” ceramics—including materials with record-breaking melting points based on carbonitrides, binary carbides, and diborides. There are two primary approaches to producing dense UHTCs: (1) CS of ultra-refractory powders followed by compaction using hot pressing or spark plasma sintering, and (2) simultaneous synthesis and compaction via reactive spark plasma sintering. Overall, the CS method opens exciting prospects for developing advanced materials that meet the demanding requirements of modern industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ijac.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yijiang Liu, Wei Ding, Zhen Teng, Yiwang Bao, Man Jiang, Qingguo Feng, Chunfeng Hu
{"title":"Ultra-fast thermal shock mechanisms of Ti3AlC2 ceramics in a low oxygen environment","authors":"Yijiang Liu, Wei Ding, Zhen Teng, Yiwang Bao, Man Jiang, Qingguo Feng, Chunfeng Hu","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, argon is utilized to simulate a low-oxygen environment, and the precise amount of oxygen is calculated by employing the ideal gas law. Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> samples underwent rapid induction heating in argon, followed by cooling in either argon or water. Consequently, defects in the Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> samples increased with temperature due to the faster cooling rate of water, leading to residual flexural strength lower than samples quenched in argon. It is worthy of note that at 1040°C, a thin dense oxide layer is formed despite the minimal oxygen content. This provides the substrate with protection and results in unusually high strengths, reaching up to 647 MPa for samples quenched in argon. Upon attaining a specific temperature, a decline in strength is observed, attributable to the decomposition of the Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> substrate. In summary, Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> exhibited superior thermal shock resistance after quenching in argon gas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposite scaffolds for bone regeneration","authors":"Ashkan Farazin, Seyedeh Farnaz Darghiasi","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a naturally occurring calcium phosphate, remains one of the most promising bioceramics for orthopedic and dental applications due to its excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and structural similarity to natural bone mineral. While previous studies have explored HAp's basic properties, this review offers a comprehensive and integrated analysis of its synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, and biological performance, alongside critical comparisons and future-oriented insights. A key novelty of this review is the incorporation of a 3PM analysis evaluating prior art, publications, products, and megatrends to assess translational readiness and strategic value. Furthermore, the review uniquely highlights biowaste-derived HAp, sustainability implications in alignment with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and the underrepresented role of analytical and simulation models in HAp optimization. By connecting material science with ecological balance, cost-effectiveness, and long-term clinical potential, this review serves as a strategic roadmap for the next generation of HAp-based biomaterials in regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher J. Louzon, Ruibang Yi, Nitin P. Padture
{"title":"Effects of seasalt and sulfate additions on the melting and crystallization behavior of CMAS glass","authors":"Christopher J. Louzon, Ruibang Yi, Nitin P. Padture","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Particulate silicates (sand, dust, ash) present in the environment, which are ingested by aircraft gas-turbine engines (GTEs), are known to melt and deposit as calcia‒mangesia‒aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass on GTE hot-section hardware. These deposits degrade the protective ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) in the hot-section. Other particulates present in the environment, such as seasalt and sulfates, are also ingested by GTEs. Although CMAS-induced degradation of TBCs and EBCs have been studied, the effects of these other corrodents on the CMAS deposits, and how CMAS + corrodent mixtures degrade TBCs and EBCs remain unclear. This work examines systematically the effect of the addition of corrodents (CaSO<sub>4</sub>, seasalt, or Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) to the CMAS on its melting and crystallization behavior. Various amounts of the corrodents were mixed separately with CMAS glass, and heat treated at various temperatures in air. Mass loss and changes to the chemical compositions were also evaluated. Phase evolution was studied experimentally, and it was compared to prospective equilibrium phases computed using the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) method. It is found that CaSO<sub>4</sub> alters the CMAS most significantly, and it may pose the greatest threat for exacerbating deposit-induced degradation of TBCs and EBCs in GTEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yogesh Kumar Ravikumar, Marek Vojtko, Ivan Petryshynets, Zoltán Dankházi, Tamás Csanádi
{"title":"Indentation size effect anisotropy in TaC and HfC ceramic grains","authors":"Yogesh Kumar Ravikumar, Marek Vojtko, Ivan Petryshynets, Zoltán Dankházi, Tamás Csanádi","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The indentation size effect (ISE) anisotropy was investigated in grains of low-index orientations in TaC and HfC polycrystalline ultra-high temperature ceramics. The samples were prepared by spark plasma sintering from precursor carbides and were subjected to careful surface preparation. The crystallographic orientations of grains were determined by electron backscatter diffraction. ISE was studied on low-index {001}, {101}, and {111} crystal facets, which were subjected to nanoindentation using a Berkovich tip with a maximum penetration depth of 1000 nm. It was revealed that the Nix–Gao model adequately describes both materials above ∼170 nm, resulting in a more significant ISE for TaC compared to HfC. The analysis of model parameters inferred different slip activations reported in the literature. HfC exhibited a more brittle behavior due to the limited number of independent slip systems compared to TaC. The most intense cracking was observed on the {101} facets in both materials, and the anisotropic cracking was in agreement with the calculated maximum density of geometrically necessary dislocations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Karthikeyan, Raja Subramani, V. Balasubramanian, Shubham Sharma, T. Ramachandran, Abinash Mahapatro, A. I. Ismail
{"title":"Acoustic emission responses with fracture behavior of APS- and HVOF- sprayed NiCrAlY coatings deposited on C263 superalloy","authors":"S. Karthikeyan, Raja Subramani, V. Balasubramanian, Shubham Sharma, T. Ramachandran, Abinash Mahapatro, A. I. Ismail","doi":"10.1111/ijac.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal barrier coating systems are used to enhance the service life of aerospace hot section components. Thermally sprayed NiCrAlY bond coats serve as a critical interface between the substrate and the top ceramic coat. In the present study, a comparative analysis was carried out to evaluate the fracture and failure characteristics of atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF)-sprayed NiCrAlY coatings under acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of three-point bend test. Thermal sprayed coatings microstructural analysis showed that the porosity of HVOF-sprayed NiCrAlY coatings was 1.56 vol.%, nearly 70.8% less than the 5.35 vol.% of APS coatings, suggesting a much denser coating microstructure. A Young's modulus of 190 GPa was found for HVOF coatings in three-point bend testing, which is 10.5% greater than the 172 GPa found for APS coatings. AE monitoring results revealed that during bend test, APS coatings had a maximum of about 250 AE hits, while HVOF coatings only had about 180 hits. The decrease of 28% AE hit suggests that HVOF coatings have improved ductile fracture behavior and delayed crack propagation. Fracture surface analysis of coatings revealed ductile failure morphology in HVOF coatings and brittle cleavage patterns in APS coatings. The current research findings demonstrate the influence of thermal spray technique on structural integrity of the NiCrAlY bond coat and confirm the effectiveness of AE as a diagnostic tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":13903,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology","volume":"22 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}