International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics最新文献_第7页

QUO VADIS THERMODYNAMICS AND THE CITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC METHODS TO URBAN SYSTEMS 热力学与城市:热力学方法在城市系统中的应用综述

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2008-01-08 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-222-230

N. Filchakova, D. Robinson, J. Scartezzini

{"title":"QUO VADIS THERMODYNAMICS AND THE CITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF APPLICATIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC METHODS TO URBAN SYSTEMS","authors":"N. Filchakova, D. Robinson, J. Scartezzini","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-222-230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-222-230","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are complex dynamic entities. From a thermodynamic perspective, they represent open systems, constantly importing and exporting energy and matter across their boundaries; the output invariably being less ordered due to irreversible internal processes (dissipation). In analogy to natural ecosystems, the uptake, transport and storage of substances in urban sites as well as their transformation can be considered equivalent to urban metabolism. Apparently inspired by progress that has been made in the study of natural ecosystems, a range of tools based on thermodynamics have recently been applied to better understand this urban metabolism and how it can be optimised. In this paper we review progress that has been made in both domains (i.e. natural and anthropogenic ecosystems). In particular, we consider applications of entropy, energy, exergy and (the quasi-thermodynamic) emergy. We attempt to qualitatively defi ne a seemingly general dichotomy between the explanatory power of a given thermodynamic concept and its calculability. We conclude that whilst thermodynamic considerations indisputably provide a general framework for understanding cities and their evolution, further research is needed for them to become operational representations of urban metabolism and indicators of sustainability. We suggest possible pathways for achieving this.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"43 1","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84133171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Four-dimensional design: from strategies to cases – generation of fractal grammar for reusing building elements 四维设计:从策略到案例——建筑元素再利用分形语法的生成

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2008-01-08 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-258-277

W. Debacker, C. Henrotay, Anne Paduart, S. Elsen, W. P. Wilde, H. Hendrickx

{"title":"Four-dimensional design: from strategies to cases – generation of fractal grammar for reusing building elements","authors":"W. Debacker, C. Henrotay, Anne Paduart, S. Elsen, W. P. Wilde, H. Hendrickx","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-258-277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-258-277","url":null,"abstract":"Because of its scale and the role it plays in our lives, a healthy built environment is of vital importance. As a part of material culture, buildings have to support human needs. But because of their static nature, obtained through design, most contemporary buildings and their components have a negative impact on their surroundings. The huge quantities of waste produced during demolition and the still rising emission of greenhouse gases created during use of the building, manufacture and waste treatment of its components are environmental indicators of an ineffi cient and unhealthy design. Moreover, a socio-economic paradox has been created. Due to inadequate design many buildings are unable to adapt to (fast-changing) contemporary requirements. As a result many constructions are left to their fate and decay. This ineffi cient use of matter and space is in sharp contrast with a global need for affordable housing. In high density countries, such as Belgium, building plots are scarce and expensive. In addition to this, the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) estimates that 600 million urban residents and 1 billion rural dwellers in developing countries live in inadequate housing. In this paper, three main methods that integrate the fourth dimension, i.e. time, into design are described: design for adaptability (construction reuse), design for deconstruction (component reuse) and design for dismantling (material reuse). These four-dimensional design strategies strive for a healthy built environment, by taking into account, as from the fi rst sketches, the wear and tear of artefacts and the changing and evolving circumstances that will affect them. The design of several construction kits, developed at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, shows that the designer must pay attention to detailing. The key detailing principles and two design cases are further examined in this paper.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"54 1","pages":"258-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78842719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

An exploration of the mathematics behind the ecological footprint 探索生态足迹背后的数学

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2008-01-08 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-250-257

A. Galli, J. Kitzes, P. Wermer, M. Wackernagel, V. Niccolucci, E. Tiezzi

{"title":"An exploration of the mathematics behind the ecological footprint","authors":"A. Galli, J. Kitzes, P. Wermer, M. Wackernagel, V. Niccolucci, E. Tiezzi","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-250-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-250-257","url":null,"abstract":"Introduced in the early 1990s, the ecological footprint has become a well-known and widespread environmental accounting tool. It measures human demand on nature and compares this to the availability of regenerative capacity on the planet. The method expresses human demand in terms of global hectares – i.e. biologically productive hectares with world-average productivity necessary for resource production and waste assimilation. Almost 15 years of research application and methodological advancements have made the ecological footprint an increasingly robust theoretical framework, and it continues to be refi ned. This article documents the most updated footprint methodology and focuses on the mathematics that supports footprint and biocapacity accounts, as well as its underlying factors such as equivalence and yield factors. To clarify the meaning and the usefulness of footprint and biocapacity reported in terms of global hectares, an in-depth description of the units of measure is presented. Finally, the different research questions that emerge when reporting data in nation-specifi c hectares as opposed to global hectares are investigated.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"97 1","pages":"250-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80100826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 108

The nature of spontaneity-driven processes 自发驱动过程的本质

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2008-01-08 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-231-244

L.-S. Wang

引用次数: 9

The conjunction of non-living and living in human systems: why do novelties emerge? 人类系统中非生物和生物的结合:为什么会出现新奇事物?

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2008-01-08 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-245-249

R. Pulselli, F. M. Pulselli, N. Marchettini

引用次数: 4

Steps towards an evolutionary medicine 迈向进化医学的一步

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2008-01-08 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N4-217-221

M. Rigato, E. Tiezzi

引用次数: 0

Reversibility in science and in engineering 科学和工程中的可逆性

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2007-11-27 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N3-186-192

L.-S. Wang

引用次数: 0

The origins of irreversibility 不可逆性的起源

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2007-11-27 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N3-165-169

E. Tiezzi, N. Marchettini

引用次数: 5

A common framework for emergy and exergy based LCA in accordance with environ theory 根据环境理论，提出了一种基于能量和火用的LCA的通用框架

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2007-11-27 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N3-170-185

S. Nielsen, S. Bastianoni

{"title":"A common framework for emergy and exergy based LCA in accordance with environ theory","authors":"S. Nielsen, S. Bastianoni","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V2-N3-170-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V2-N3-170-185","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the environmental consequences of human activities with the purpose of achieving sustainable development, we need to carry out detailed analyses of the material and energy cycles of our society. The need to choose from several options is not a simple task. There are several reasons to this. First, the task contains an inherent problem of fia common unit. Second, we need a common and unifi ed methodology for matter and energy to compare results and evaluate systems using various types of analysis like life cycle assessment and material fl ux analysis. It is widely recognised that energy analysis following the fi rst law does not bring us much further in this context as it hardly gives any reliable indications on where to take action. Two recent measures, exergy and emergy, seem to offer the possibility of facilitating the process, by making it possible to fia common unit to both matter and energy and in addition bring in the perspectives of total environmental costs (a sort of ‘ecological footprint’ ‐ not in the strict sense) to the evaluation. The concepts may be used separately, but recent results from natural ecosystems indicate that the use of the two in combination might bring us even further in defi ning and achieving sustainable development. This in turn also allows us to construct new indicators specifi cally dedicated to and addressing the sustainability trends in the production systems or even society and may eventually be coupled to economics, at least at a micro-economic scale. The approach presented makes it possible to analyse the sustainability state of the systems in general software packages able to do a simple linear optimisation, and thus brings in the possibility of fithe most optimal way of coupling material and energetic fl uxes and thus assist in implementation of cleaner production and industrial ecology. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst time a common, unifi ed approach to the analysis of both cultural and natural ecosystems is presented.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"1 1","pages":"170-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88141245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

European objectives in the post-Kyoto period and expectations for Venice 后京都时期欧洲的目标和对威尼斯的期望

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Pub Date : 2007-11-27 DOI: 10.2495/ECO-V2-N3-193-201

S. Bosco, N. Marchettini, R. Pulselli, E. Tiezzi

引用次数: 0