International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics最新文献

{"title":"The EEC Regulation 2080/92 about forest measures in agriculture: The case of poplar plantations in Greece","authors":"G. Arabatzis, O. Christopoulou, K. Soutsas","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-245-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-245-257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"144 3 1","pages":"245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89355084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The poetry and the prose of science","authors":"A. Munari","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-258-265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-258-265","url":null,"abstract":"A historical review of the relationships between art, literature and science is briefly presented. It shows that the common feature between these different types of knowledge is the emotional involvement that is present in the artistic as well as in the scientific creativity. It is then suggested that scientific teaching should grant more importance to the course or process of knowledge elaboration, rather than to its results, and to acknowledge not only its literary and historical interest, but also its scientific pertinence. Operative Epistemology may be an interesting way to explore, among other characteristics, the aesthetics of theory construction.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"96 1","pages":"258-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75944060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild-type wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool to evaluate the effects on eukaryotic life of locally used herbicides","authors":"D. Braconi, Michele Sotgiu, G. Bernardini, A. Paffetti, F. Tasso, C. Alisi, S. Martini, P. Martelli, R. Rappuoli, A. Sprocati, C. Rossi, A. Santucci","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-266-283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-266-283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"36 1","pages":"266-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90045139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergy, empower and the eco-exergy to empower ratio: A reconciliation of H.T. Odum with Prigogine?","authors":"S. Bastianoni","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-226-235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-226-235","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the theory behind and the possible uses of the ratio of eco-exergy to empower. This orientor originates from the comparison of S.E. Jørgensen’s and H.T. Odum’s approaches to ecosystems theory. The former proposed as orientor the maximization of stored eco-exergy, that is the extension of the thermodynamic function exergy of ecosystems. The latter, the maximization of empower, is the flow of emergy (solar energy directly and indirectly required to obtain a certain item). The use of the ratio of eco-exergy to empower enables one to understand what is the order that the two maximization criteria follow during the evolution of an ecosystem. A possible analogy between the maximization of eco-exergy to empower ratio and the minimization of specific dissipation is discussed. The use of this orientor for the comparison of the same system at different times or of different systems provides a possible holistic measure of the effects of the use of a certain pattern of inputs in a system. This can help comparisons within the framework of life cycle assessment.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"2013 1","pages":"226-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73703960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionism and holism: Two different paradigms for the phenomenon of biological evolution","authors":"R. Fondi","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-284-297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N3-284-297","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionistic paradigm – the assumption that biological evolution consists in a mere process of ‘descendance with modification from common ancestors’, canonically represented by means of the phylogenetic tree model – can be seen as strictly connected to the classical or deterministic vision of the world, which dominated the 18th and 19th centuries. Research findings in palaeontology, however, have never fully supported the abovementioned model. Besides, during the 20th century, the conceptual transformations produced by restricted and general relativity, quantum mechanics, cosmology, information theory, research into consciousness, chaos– complexity theory, evolutionary thermodynamics and biosemiotics have radically changed the scientific picture of reality. It is therefore necessary to adopt a more suitable and up-to-date paradigm, according to which nature is not seen anymore as a mere assembly of independent things, subject to the Lamarckian-Darwinian dialectics of ‘chance and necessity’, but as: (1) an extremely complex system with all its parts dynamically coordinated; (2) the evolution of which does not obey the logic of a deterministic linear continuity but that of an indeterministic global discontinuity; and (3) in which the mind or psychic dimension, particularly evident in semiotic aspects of the biological world, is an essential and indissoluble part. On the basis of its characteristics, the new paradigm can be generically named holistic, organicistic or systemic.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"23 1","pages":"284-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84968887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in nonmonetary value of ecosystem goods and services among Kalinago and Afro-Creole peoples of the commonwealth of dominica, West Indies","authors":"Luis C. Rodriguez, R. Portela, R. Boumans","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-189-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-189-204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"60 1","pages":"189-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74734756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme events in nature: A challenge for the understanding of complex dynamics","authors":"H. Kantz","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-149-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-149-161","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of extreme events in complex systems is not just a statistical issue but also a dynamical one. The dynamics which is responsible for the normal fluctuations exhibited by a system must also be capable of generating extreme excursions. Such a dynamical point of view offers new approaches towards understanding and prediction of the occurrence of extreme events.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"45 1","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81210917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global change and human change: A prescription for adaptive evolution from ecological network theory","authors":"B. C. Patten","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-103-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-103-113","url":null,"abstract":"Homo sapiens appears to be evolving into a new kind of species not seen before in organic evolution. This is Homo holisticus, systems man, the first species in the earth’s history with a global reach, entailing global selective forces charting its evolutionary change. Living things make models of their reality, converting physical causes to mixed physical–phenomenal ones, a defining characteristic of life. The ontic biosphere accordingly generates a virtual noosphere, the aggregate of implicit biological epistemologies. These operate collectively to shape global change, to which human change is both entrained and contributes. Developing a network perspective on global change, ecology’s ‘AWFUL theorem’, resulting from zero-sum transactions (ontic, conservative, energy-matter exchanges), is reviewed and illustrated by two examples of anthropogenic environmental degradation. Indirect relations (epistemic, nonconservative and informational) develop automatically in transactional networks and introduce nonzero-sumness into the causal stream. This enables systems to move and remain away from thermodynamic equilibrium, in a process of network aggradation wherein internal negentropy generation exceeds boundary entropy dissipation. A third example shows how more mature ecosystems radiate photons at lower temperatures, reflecting increased internal organization – distance from thermodynamic equilibrium. Six network properties contributing to nonzero-sumness are identified, one being system size (number of components). Nonzero-sumness increases utility, expressed as benefit/cost ratios, and network synergism is the universal tendency in transactional networks to produce ratios >1. However, the degree of positiveness diminishes with system size so that network aggradation experiences diminishing returns as size increases. The organization of nature into a graded series of systems (cells, organs, organisms, etc.) based on size reflects this. Although unlimited network aggradation (negentropic growth and development) is possible with increasing interconnection, diminishing utility returns restrict optimal system size to relatively small numbers of interacting components. The global reach of the emerging H. holisticus may thus contraindicate sustainable entrainment of human change to global change by reducing network synergism even as network aggradation marginally rises.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"30 1","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81763379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process ecology: A transactional worldview","authors":"R. Ulanowicz","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-114-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-114-125","url":null,"abstract":"A traditional presupposition in science is that nature ultimately is simple and comprehensible. Accordingly, ‘theory reduction’ is a primary goal in much of ecosystems science – the belief, for example, that ecosystem development can be described by a single covering principle. Recently, however, the theory of complex adaptive systems has challenged the assumption that simplicity is ubiquitous. While students of complexity theory recognize individual constraints that orient ecosystem development, they are skeptical of the urge to identify a single, monistic principle that governs all ecosystem behavior. One approach, called ‘process ecology’, depicts ecosystem development as arising out of at least two antagonistic trends via what is analogous to a dialectic: one direction is the entropic tendency towards disorganization and decay, which can involve singular events that defy quantification via probability theory. Opposing this ineluctable drift are self-entailing configurations of processes that engender positive feedback or autocatalysis, which in turn imparts structure and regularity to ecosystems. The status of the transactions between the two trends can be gauged using information theory and is expressed in two complementary terms called the system ‘overhead’ and ‘ascendency’, respectively. Process ecology provides an opportunity to approach some contemporary enigmas, such as the origin of life, in a more accommodating light.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"39 1","pages":"114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87429924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The eco-costs/value ratio: A tool to determine the long-term strategy for delinking economy and environmental ecology","authors":"C. Hendriks, J. Vogtländer, G. Janssen","doi":"10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-136-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ECO-V1-N2-136-148","url":null,"abstract":"Looking at the dynamic changes in our world, the ever growing economy seems to be one of the major rootcauses of the continuing deterioration of our environment. The question is: what can be done? Stopping the economic growth seems no realistic option, so the solution must be found in a better eco-efficiency of our systems for production and consumption (“de-linking of economy and ecology”). Future products and services need to have a high value/costs ratio combined with a low burden for our environment. At the Delft University of Technology, a LCA (Life Cycle Analyses) based model has been developed to assess the eco-efficiency of products, services, houses, buildings etc. The model is applied as well for EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) of the urban and rural planning. It is called the model of the Ecocosts/Value Ratio, in short EVR (Vogtlander, 2001) [1]. The basic idea of the EVR model is to link the ‘value chain’ (Porter, 1985) [2] to the ecological ‘product chain’. In the value chain, the added value (in terms of money) and the added costs are determined for each step of the product ‘from cradle to grave’. Similarly, the ecological impact of each step in the product chain is expressed in terms of money, the so-called eco-costs. The ratio of eco-cost and value is defined in each step in the chain as: eco-costs EVR value = (1) The eco-costs have been defined in terms of marginal prevention costs ( end of pipe as well as system integrated ) for pollution and materials depletion. The eco-costs are ‘virtual’ costs: these costs are related to measures which have to be taken to make (and recycle) a product ‘in line with earth’s estimated carrying capacity’. These eco-costs are estimated on a what if basis (which technical measures are required to lower the current pollution and resource depletion to sustainable level?). The value in the model is the market value: the fair price as perceived by customers. The advantage of such a definition of eco-efficiency (instead of using costs ) is that the consumer behaviour is incorporated in the model. This makes the model suitable for strategic design of the transition towards an environmentally sustainable society: green products and services will only survive in our free market economy when they have a good value for the consumers.","PeriodicalId":13902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics","volume":"51 1","pages":"136-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80155933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}