Cancer Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Accelerated Aging in Cancer and Cancer Treatment: Current Status of Biomarkers","authors":"Soniya Abraham,&nbsp;Jay Parekh,&nbsp;Seohyuk Lee,&nbsp;Humayra Afrin,&nbsp;Mariya Rozenblit,&nbsp;Kim R. M. Blenman,&nbsp;Rachel J. Perry,&nbsp;Leah M. Ferrucci,&nbsp;Jessica Liu,&nbsp;Melinda L. Irwin,&nbsp;Maryam Lustberg","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70929","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aging in humans is a heterogeneous process influenced by both biological and chronological factors. Biological age reflects an individual's physiological reserve and functional status. Increasing evidence suggests that cancer and its therapies accelerate biological aging. Many biomarkers have been evaluated to assess the biological age of patients with cancer. These biomarkers are emerging as potential tools to predict cancer-related toxicity and an individual's functional capacity as well as to individualize treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review summarizes the current literature on aging biomarkers in cancer patients, with a focus on markers of cellular senescence and epigenetic modification. We evaluate the existing evidence supporting their use as predictors of toxicity in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biomarkers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and DNA methylation age show potential for assessing biological age, frailty, and functional reserve. The expression of p16INK4A has demonstrated promise in predicting therapy-induced toxicity and making treating decisions. However, additional confirmatory studies are necessary to further validate these biomarkers before they can be utilized as decision aids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aging biomarkers hold promise for individualizing cancer therapy and predicting treatment-related toxicity. However, further studies are essential to validate their reliability and support their integration into clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies Beyond 3rd EGFR-TKI Acquired Resistance: Opportunities and Challenges","authors":"Xuexue Zhou,&nbsp;Liang Zeng,&nbsp;Zhe Huang,&nbsp;Zhaohui Ruan,&nbsp;Huan Yan,&nbsp;Chun Zou,&nbsp;Shidong Xu,&nbsp;Yongchang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70921","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The seminal identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>) mutations as pivotal oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has catalyzed the evolution of biomarker-guided therapeutic paradigms for advanced disease. Currently, third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) have revolutionized first-line treatment for advanced <i>EGFR</i>-mutated NSCLC, yet acquired resistance remains an inevitable and formidable clinical challenge. This review systematically summarizes molecular mechanisms underlying treatment resistance, with a focus on clinical challenges associated with central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Therapeutic resistance mechanisms are categorized into <i>EGFR</i>-dependent (on-target) pathways, typified by acquired kinase domain mutations (e.g., C797S), and <i>EGFR</i>-independent (off-target) pathways, involving compensatory activation of parallel signaling effectors (e.g., MET amplification, HER2 activation) or phenotypic transformation. We further evaluated contemporary diagnostic modalities for identifying resistance drivers and appraised emerging therapeutic strategies, including fourth-generation EGFR-TKI, various combination therapies, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and so forth, with emphasis on ongoing clinical trials that may transform the existing treatment paradigm. By synthesizing preclinical and clinical insights, this review aims to advance mechanistic understanding and propose therapeutic strategies to overcome acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR-TKI in first-line treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Emergency Presentations Among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Victoria, Australia","authors":"Bedasa Taye Merga,&nbsp;Nikki McCaffrey,&nbsp;Suzanne Robinson,&nbsp;Craig Sinclair,&nbsp;Justin M. Yeung,&nbsp;Anita Lal","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70909","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disparities in cancer care access and utilisation influence the stage of diagnosis and pathways of care. Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients presenting as emergencies often have advanced disease and poorer outcomes. This study aimed to assess geographic and socioeconomic disparities in emergency presentations (EPs) of CRC patients in Victoria, Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Linked datasets from a Victorian population-based cancer registry and emergency and hospital admissions were analysed for CRC patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2022. Concentration indices (CIs) assessed the distribution of EPs by socioeconomic position and remoteness. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with EPs, with results presented as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. In all analyses, statistical significance was determined using a <i>p</i>-value threshold &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 24,236 CRC patients had emergency department (ED) visits for any reason. Twenty-one per cent (5086) of them reported CRC-related symptoms. Among these, 33.8% (1721) presented within 6 months before diagnosis. The concentration indices indicated that EPs were disproportionately higher among the most disadvantaged quintiles (CI = −0.060, <i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001) and regional and remote areas (CI = −0.065, <i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed higher odds of EPs among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups (Q1: AOR = 1.25; Q2: AOR = 1.31) compared to the least disadvantaged (Q5). Similarly, patients in regional and remote areas had higher odds of EP than those in major cities (inner regional: AOR = 1.26; outer regional/remote: AOR = 1.52). Advanced-stage diagnoses compared to early stages (stage 4: AOR = 1.67), whereas older age groups had lower odds compared to 45–49 age groups (65–69 years: AOR = 0.67, &gt; = 75 years, AOR = 0.60 to 0.70).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enhancing access to primary care and strengthening cancer screening programs, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged and regional, and remote communities, could reduce disparities, promote earlier diagnosis, and improve outcomes. Prioritising targeted interventions in these populations is essential to addressing these inequities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70909","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Financial Toxicity Trajectories in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: A Latent Class Growth Analysis","authors":"Li Xiaoxuan,&nbsp;Zhang Shuo,&nbsp;Li Shanshan,&nbsp;Yu Mengxia,&nbsp;Yao Tianying,&nbsp;Shen Yuxin,&nbsp;Li Jiang,&nbsp;Chen Mingxia","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70875","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Importance&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Pancreatic cancer patients face varying medical expenses at different stages of treatment, resulting in dynamic changes in their financial toxicity. Longitudinal data collection is necessary to characterize the trajectory of these financial toxicity changes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To Explore Potential Trajectories and Influencing Factors of Financial Toxicity among Pancreatic Cancer Patients.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This was a prospective observational research study performed according to STROBE Checklist.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Setting and Participants&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;From August 2022 to August 2023, we conducted inpatient data collection from pancreatic cancer patients in three hospitals in Jiangsu Province.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Main Outcomes and Measures.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The COST scale was employed to investigate financial toxicity at four time points: upon admission (T0), at discharge (T1), 3 months post-discharge (T2), and 6 months post-discharge (T3). A latent growth model was utilized to classify the trajectories of financial toxicity and explore its influencing factors.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The identification of financial toxicity trajectories among pancreatic cancer patients revealed three potential categories: a high-risk-financial toxicity stable group (19.69%), a moderate-risk-financial toxicity stable group (56.37%), and a low-risk-financial toxicity stable group (23.94%). Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared to the low-risk-financial toxicity stable group, the primary influencing factors for the high-risk-financial toxicity stable group were self-efficacy and total out-of-pocket medical expenses. In contrast to the low-risk-financial toxicity stable group, the moderate-risk-financial toxicity stable group was influenced by self-efficacy and total monthly household income. When comparing the moderate-risk-financial toxicity stable group to the high-risk-financial toxicity stable group, factors such as ACCI, employment status, total out-of-pocket medical expenses, and distance to healthcare facilities emerged as significant.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions and Relevance&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The financial toxicity among pancreatic cancer patients has been categorized into three d","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Management of Cancer Pain: A Scoping Review of the Literature","authors":"Brieze K. Bell,&nbsp;Jaeyoon Cha,&nbsp;Kathleen A. Cavanaugh,&nbsp;David L. O'Riordan,&nbsp;Michael W. Rabow,&nbsp;Adrienne K. Yang,&nbsp;Sohil Patel,&nbsp;Sa Heen Park,&nbsp;Megan K. McGrath,&nbsp;Evans M. Whitaker,&nbsp;Sarah S. Nouri,&nbsp;Stephanie W. Cheng","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70833","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer-related pain is common and debilitating. Patients frequently use integrative medicine therapies to manage this, though safety and efficacy evidence is incomplete. This scoping review aims to characterize the state of integrative cancer pain therapy (ICPT) and identify priorities for future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane for ICPT studies published between January 1, 1975 and May 26, 2022. Study findings were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Interventions were categorized as follows: Whole Systems of Medicine (WSM); Mind–body Medicine (MBM); Botanicals and Supplements (BAS); and Manual Therapies (MT). Quality appraisal was performed using the Downs and Black checklist. Efficacy was “positive” if there were statistically significant differences between study arms (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) favoring ICPT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 1246 studies reviewed, 151 met inclusion criteria; 63.5% were excellent or good quality, and 68.9% were RCTs; 122 studies (80.7%) were published since 2010. Studies occurred in 24 countries, in variable settings, among participants with a wide range of cancers, disease status, and age ranges. Studies investigating WSM and MBM interventions were most frequent (35.7% for each), MT (20.59%), and BAS (7.9%). Overall, of the included studies, 127 (84.1%) found that the ICPT intervention reduced pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies on ICPT are increasingly common, and the majority of ICPT interventions demonstrated a positive impact on cancer pain. Future rigorous research should compare efficacy across integrative and biomedical interventions and explore how to incorporate evidence-based ICPT into standard cancer treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Personality Trait Clusters on the Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors: An 18-Month Prospective Follow-Up Study","authors":"In Mok Song,&nbsp;Eun Young Cho,&nbsp;Ji Hyun Baek,&nbsp;Se Kyung Lee","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70842","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the impact of personality trait clusters on the quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer survivors (BCS) during the first 18 months following diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cohort of 476 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients was recruited between January 2017 and August 2018 from a single academic hospital in Seoul, Korea. Five-factor models of personality traits were assessed at baseline. QoL evaluations were performed prior to surgery and up to 18 months post-surgery. K-means clustering analysis was employed to construct personality clusters. Long-term QoL trajectories in BCS were compared between clusters, adjusting for individual resilience. Furthermore, a polygenic risk score (PRS) for neuroticism was calculated, exploring its relationships with neuroticism and personality trait clusters identified in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cluster analysis suggested that a two-cluster model was more appropriate than a three-cluster model. The two clusters were characterized by (1) low neuroticism and high scores in the other four traits, and (2) high neuroticism and low scores in the other four traits. Patients in cluster 2 exhibited significantly lower baseline QoL scores compared to those in other clusters, from baseline through 18 months post-surgery. The PRS for neuroticism showed a significant association with neuroticism scores (<i>p</i> = 0.032) after adjusting for age and depression scores. No significant differences in PRS were observed between the clusters. Additionally, the PRS for neuroticism was not significantly associated with QoL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings underscore the influence of individual personality traits on long-term QoL in BCS. These results suggest the potential for targeted interventions to enhance long-term QoL based on personalized personality profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Metabolic Products and Immunotherapy Modulation","authors":"Kunmin Xiao,&nbsp;Kexin Li,&nbsp;Kunlin Xiao,&nbsp;Jinzu Yang,&nbsp;Lei Zhou","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70914","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and gut microbiota has gained attention for its impact on HCC immunotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Key gut microbial metabolites, including bile acids, toll-like receptor 4, short-chain fatty acids, and bacterial toxins, contribute to HCC progression and influence immune responses through the gut-liver axis. As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) become common in HCC treatment, modulating the gut microbiota offers new strategies to enhance ICIs efficacy. However, individual differences in microbial composition introduce challenges, with some HCC patients showing resistance to ICIs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review summarizes the latest findings on the role of gut microbiota in HCC and explores emerging therapeutic approaches, including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, antibiotics, and natural compounds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The focus is on translating these insights into personalized medicine to optimize ICIs responses and improve HCC treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delving Into Retinoblastoma Genetics: Discovery of Novel Mutations and Their Clinical Impact: Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Mohammad Faranoush,&nbsp;Masood Naseripour,&nbsp;Pooya Faranoush,&nbsp;Zeinab Davoodi-Moghaddam,&nbsp;Alireza Jahandideh,&nbsp;Negin Sadighnia,&nbsp;Delbar Daneshjou,&nbsp;Parisa Shams,&nbsp;Ahad Sedaghat,&nbsp;Reza Mirshahi,&nbsp;Shirin Ravanbod,&nbsp;Farzaneh Nasirnejad,&nbsp;Ali Elahinia,&nbsp;Davood Bashash","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70922","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare intraocular malignancy that originates in the retina of children under 5 years of age. Approximately one-third of children diagnosed with retinoblastoma are associated with germline mutations in one of the <i>RB1</i> alleles. In this study, we aim to identify <i>RB1</i> mutations in retinoblastoma patients using Sanger sequencing in combination with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genomic DNA of 167 Rb patients was isolated from peripheral blood and their clinical information was extracted from medical records. The mutations in the <i>RB1</i> gene were identified through PCR sequencing. Negative results from the PCR sequencing were further analyzed using MLPA reactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>RB1</i> mutations were identified in 56 of the 167 (33.5%) patients. The common mutation types were frameshift mutations (<i>n</i> = 19), followed by nonsense (<i>n</i> = 20), splicing (<i>n</i> = 8), missense (<i>n</i> = 5), and whole exon deletion (<i>n</i> = 2). The overall survival rate was 98.2%, with an average follow-up duration of 59 months. Moreover, germline <i>RB1</i> mutation's correlation with enucleation rates is less pronounced in unilateral cases (12.1%) compared to bilateral cases (65.5%). A total of 13 novel mutations have been identified, of which four are specifically associated with enucleation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides a comprehensive analysis of <i>RB1</i> germline mutations in a group of cases with Rb, leading to the identification of 13 novel mutations in Rb patients at a referral center in Iran. We expect that our findings will yield valuable insights to inform the management and genetic counseling of Rb patients, as well as their relatives who are at a higher risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Differences and Survival Predictive Models for Mucinous Versus Usual-Type Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix","authors":"Yaxin Kang,&nbsp;Lele Chang,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Haizhou Ji,&nbsp;Qin Xu","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70927","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is significant histological heterogeneity between the endocervical adenocarcinoma (EA) subtypes. Usual-type carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) and mucinous carcinoma (mucinous adenocarcinoma, MA) are the most common types of EA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Demographic and clinical variables were collected from the SEER database for selected patients between 2004 and 2021. The effect of confounding variables was reduced by propensity score matching (PSM). Survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models. A risk prediction model nomogram for MA was developed and validated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median age for MA patients was 46 years compared to 45 years for adenocarcinoma (<i>p</i> = 0.021). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for MA were 88.2%, 74.5%, and 68.4%, respectively, significantly lower than those for adenocarcinoma (89.0%, 79.0%, and 74.9%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Cancer-specific survival (CSS) showed a similar trend (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Seven variables, including age, primary site, T, N, combined stage, surgery, and chemotherapy, were selected to create the nomograms for predicting OS, while age, primary site, tumor size, T, N, combined stage, and surgery were selected for CSS. The validations of all predictive models were satisfactory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study revealed MA's poorer prognosis compared to adenocarcinoma using the SEER database. It developed predictive models for OS and CSS of MA, offering a more accurate prognosis assessment tool for clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70927","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Lipid Traits and Breast Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study in African Women","authors":"Emmanuel Owusu Ansah,&nbsp;Foster Kyei,&nbsp;Caleb Frimpong Opoku,&nbsp;Andrews Danquah,&nbsp;Kwadwo Fosu,&nbsp;Emmanuel Boateng Agyenim,&nbsp;Daniel Sakyi Agyirifo","doi":"10.1002/cam4.70928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70928","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood lipids are implicated in the development of breast cancer (BC), though the genetic connection remains unclear, particularly in African populations. Observational studies on this topic are limited by confounding factors and reverse causation, potentially affecting the reliability of findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We applied univariate and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization to assess the causal association between blood lipids (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides [TG]) and BC. Summary-level data for lipid traits were sourced from the Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic Research (AWI-Gen) (<i>N</i> = 10,603 women). BC data were obtained from the largest genome-wide association study of BC in African women, comprising 18,034 <span>BC</span> cases and 22,104 controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis revealed that genetically predicted TG was associated with a decreased BC risk (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.56–0.95, <i>p</i> = 0.018. In contrast, no significant associations were found between TC, HDL, or LDL levels and BC risk: TC (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.93–1.18, <i>p</i> = 0.467), HDL (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.93–1.79, <i>p</i> = 0.121), and LDL (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.90–1.20, <i>p</i> = 0.577). After adjusting for the effects of other lipid traits, the association between TG and BC was attenuated, and no associations were observed for TC, HDL, or LDL. No causal relationship was found between lipid traits and BC subtypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides evidence that elevated triglycerides may be associated with a reduced risk of BC, whereas no significant associations were observed for TC, HDL, or LDL. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications of these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cam4.70928","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}