Environmental Science: Current Research最新文献

{"title":"Global Warming Will Stop, If Developed Countries Stop NOx And NP Eliminations","authors":"S. Ozaki","doi":"10.24966/escr-5020/100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/100022","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide CO 2 increasing 2 ppm yearly, since developed countries started elimination of NO x and elimination of NP. Global warming is happening by the decrease of CO 2 assimilation from insufficient supply of NP fertilizer. Developed countries hated NO x and NP and are eliminating NO x and N, P. About 6 billion tone NO x in burned gas is eliminated by ammonia. About 2 billion tone NP in waste water is eliminated by activated sludge process using much electricity. CO 2 assimilation is retarded by insufficient supply of NP. Plankton growth is retarded. CO 2 fix is retarded. Developing coun tries do not eliminate NO x and NP. Then CO 2 assimilation is activated. These countries are keeping high GDP increase rate. If developed countries stop eliminations of NO x and NP, CO 2 assimilation will be activated. CO 2 increase will stop. Production of grain and fish will increase. DGP will increase and global warming will stop.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125755146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence And Occupational Risk Of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) And Dechloran Plus (DP) In A Formal E-Waste Recycling Plant, Northwest China","authors":"Hongmei Cao","doi":"10.24966/escr-5020/s2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/s2001","url":null,"abstract":"To prevent widespread diffusion of toxic chemicals from e-waste recycling industry in southern and eastern China, a scaled e-waste recycling industry is being relocated to northwestern China. The present study examined the levels of several chemicals in a typical e-waste recycling plant in north western China. In the first phase of our field sampling campaign, we collected total 100 PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10 and gas phase samples about PBDEs and DP at three sampling sites. The ambient mean concentrations of ∑9PBDEs and ∑DP in particle and gas phase during the whole sampling period followed a sequence of indoor>outdoor>background. The highest level of ∑9PBDEs and ∑DP in particle phase were found in PM2.5 at the indoor site were 1978.58 pg/m3 and 155.50 pg/m3, respectively. The highest concentration of ∑9PBDEs in gas phase also appeared at the indoor site at 7.33 pg/m3, followed by the outdoor site (4.10 pg/ m3), and the background site (0.70 pg/m3). DP concentrations in gas phase were 0.63 pg/m3 at the indoor site and 0.10 pg/m3 at outdoor site, respectively. BDE-209 was the dominant congener in all particles at the indoor site. PBDEs and DP were mainly adsorbed to the particulate phase, especially in PM2.5. The inhalation exposure risk assessment combined with the particle size distribution suggested that PM2.5-bounded PBDEs and DP exhibited the highest inhalation risk and deposition flux in the alveolar region and had the largest relative contribution to health risks.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123545778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Effects In Areas With Intensive Pesticide Application: Risk For Exposure At State Of Ceará, Northeast Of Brasil","authors":"Silva Adeildo Cabral","doi":"10.24966/escr-5020/100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/100015","url":null,"abstract":"Indiscriminate use of pesticides, their exposure and disorders to human health are present discussion even today. This paper aims to study the situation of pesticide use and its environmental outcomes in the State of Ceará, Northeast Brazil. The research studied environmental effects and the risk of intensive use of pesticides in the 184 municipalities of the State of Ceará, from 2010 to 2017. The results show that the environmental issues of pesticide use are reveal of the current state status. The map of vulnerability of the State of Ceará designate 146 municipalities considered critical and 38 hold to be vulnerable concerning environmental and public health conditions. People are being exposed to a significant amount and variety of pesticides, of which health damage is becoming known, such as the intensive use of pesticides in Chapada do Apodi, where glyphosate has been found in the atmosphere (ranging from 0.31 to 2.93 μg/m3) in the municipality of Limoeiro do Norte/Ceará/Brazil. The results indicate that the inspection actions, from 2010 to 2017, were able to identify transgressions in the indiscriminate use of pesticides with high risks to the environment and human health. In the State of Ceará the use of pesticides in large quantities, in different crops and in most municipalities, has changed the environmental quality with potential water, soil and air contamination. The conflict between increased pesticide use and environmental consequences was crucial for the government to establish, together with civil society, a joint action plan to curb indiscriminate use and non-compliance with relevant legislation. It is necessary to redefine public policies that guarantee safety and minimize the risks associated with the intensive use of pesticides.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"53 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130623357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Flaring And Biodiversity Depletion In Nigeria: A Study Of Selected Gas Flare Sites In Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Bakpo Mt","doi":"10.24966/escr-5020/100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/100011","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents analysis of biodiversity depletion around some gas flare sites in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study specifically examined vegetation depletion around the gas flare sites. The study adopted field measurement for data collection. Five different sites were selected for the study including four gas flare sites and a con - trol site. In each experimental site vegetation samples were obtained along transects established from the gas flare stacks outward. The data was obtained in a 10x10m quadrate placed at regular interval of 30m along the transects. A total of 60 quadrats (two transects per site). The study showed a variation in the vegetation frequency (number of species), number of families and density between the control and the gas flare sites. The study also revealed dissimilarity between species in the gas flare site and the control. On the basis of these, the study recommended among others, to stop flaring of gas and channel it towards small scale utilization through electricity.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131117971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Surface Temperature Variability And Trends And Attribution To Carbon Emissions","authors":"Pietrafesa Lj","doi":"10.24966/escr-5020/100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/100013","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the patterns of monthly time series of global ocean surface temperature and global air temperatures over the land surface, and combination thereof, from 1850 to 2018. By employing an empirical mathematical methodology, we decompose the non-linear global temperature time series and confirm patterns of frequency and amplitude modulated, discreet internal modes of variability within the two basic time series and the third, combined, time series. We find periods of warming and cooling on both the surfaces of the ocean and atmosphere over land with prominent seasonal, annual, inter-annual, multi-year, decadal, multi-decadal, and centennial modes, riding atop overall warming trends. Our calculated overall rates of warming differ significantly from the estimates of the Intergovernmental Program on Climate Change (Bernstein et al ., 2008; Stocker et al ., 2013). We find the oceanic warming rate to be less than two-thirds of surface air over land, making the ocean a regulator or comparative heat capacitor and the dominant player in determining global surface temperatures. The ocean has an enormous heat capacity relative to that of the atmosphere. Next, by employing an econometrics-based statistical formula, we establish a causal relationship between fossil fuel burning and global surface temperatures, which definitively links the overall trends in planetary surface temperature rise, to the overall upward trend in fossil fuel burning. Our study also found that there is a 1-year phase lag of global temperatures to fossil fuel burning both on land and in the sea.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131268229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Modified Zeolite And Other Nanogeocomposites: An Effective And Sustainable Natural Resources For The Removal Of Pollutants","authors":"E. Chmielewská","doi":"10.24966/escr-5020/100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/100009","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the proactive approach to green agenda and sustainable development goals the use of natural resources instead of non-environmentally friendly processed adsorbents is one of the way how to save environment as well as not to widespread industrial pollution. EU Directive 2013/39/EU recommends to monitor in waters already 45 priority compounds incl. pharmaceuticals. Among the traditional geomaterials used also in biomedicine as pharmaceutical excipients or nanotransporters (nanobots) occurs lately also clinoptilolite-rich tuff with hydrophobized external surface, as potential representant of tectosilicates, able effectively remove much broader range of environmental pollutants than some other natural or commercial adsorbents. This review deals with some aspects of water pollutants (cefazoline, acid red, cresol and decane) removal using the clinoptilolite-rich tuff and some other perspective natural resources regarding to conventional adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124308655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening And Antimicrobial Activity Of Hydnoraabyssinicia Root Extract","authors":"M. Ma","doi":"10.24966/escr-5020/100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/100010","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in Khartoum state-Sudan, during March; this plant was collected from Al-Dubibat area, locality of al-goze, South Kordofan State, western Sudan. The dried root of Hydnora abyssinicia was extracted successively with (petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol), The phytochemical screening carried out for different plant roots extracts and showed that it contain high amount of alkaloids in all extract and moderate amount of flavonoids (in chloroform, methanol extracts) and moderate amount of tannins, sterol and triterpenes also moderate amount of cardiac glycoside and high amount of saponins. The antimicrobial activity of extracts were evaluated against four standard bacteria (Gram positive; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and (Gram negative; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa).in addition of one standard fungi (Candida albicans).The result of antimicrobial tests indicated that the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of all microorganisms and most extracts showed same degree of antimicrobial activity. The result provides promising baseline information for the potential use of these crude extracts in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infec-tions.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132761510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variations in the Hydrogeochemistry and the Domestic-Agro-Industrial Water Quality of the Granite-Gneiss Fractured Rock Aquiferous formations in Wum, North West Region, Cameroon","authors":"Akoachere Ra","doi":"10.24966/escr-5020/s1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/escr-5020/s1001","url":null,"abstract":"Wum the capital of Men chum Division is an important agricultural area in the Northwest Region in Cameroon vital for the food security of the country. The study objective was to determine and evaluate the seasonal variations during four hydrogeological seasons; dry (March), drywet (June), wet (September) and wetdry (December) in the groundwater chemistry, groundwater rock interactions and domestic-agro-industrial groundwater quality using hydrogeochemical tools; physicochemical parameters, ionic ratios, gibbs diagrams, piper diagrams, durov diagrams, Total Hardness HT, Water Quality Index WQI, Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123392160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contents in Tropical Soils near Crude Oil Exploration and Processing Site in Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Edem I. Dennis","doi":"10.24966/ESCR-5020/100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ESCR-5020/100007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124642360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Qualification of Coating Procedure Specifications as Per Din 30670 for 3lpe Coating of 8 Inch Diameter Erw Pipe","authors":"Hafiz Abdul Ahad Qazi, Safety Environment","doi":"10.24966/ESCR-5020/100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ESCR-5020/100008","url":null,"abstract":"In present study qualification of 3 layer polyethylene coating procedure is discussed which is adopted for the corrosion protection of API 8 Inch ERW line pipes. API monogrammed bare pipes were supplied by the local manufacturer while coating was performed as per DIN 30670 standard. Raw materials including surface preparation and coating raw materials steel grit, acid and chromate, epoxy, adhesive, HDPE and bare pipes were tested and compared with the manufacturer testing certificate for specification compliance check, results are presented in tables 1-4. Physical inspections of bare pipes were carried out before assigning unique identification number to each pipe. Surface preparation including pre-heating of pipes at least 3oC above dew point temperature, steel grit blasting of pipes to get the desired Sa 2.5 surface with 50 to 80 microns profile, acid washing of pipes to remove excess chloride ions, Rinsing of pipes after acid washing with RO water, drying of pipes through blowers, induction heating of pipes up to the epoxy manufacturer recommended temperature which is 200 to 220 degree celsius, first layer epoxy powder application through electrostatic spray gun technique, second layer of adhesive and third layer of Polyethylene film application through side extrusion process, quenching of coated pipes, full length coating holiday inspection and in the end Final inspection of coated pipes. Four test pipes were selected for coating procedure qualification. Out of these 4 test pipes, First pipe coated with adhesive layer for adhesive layer thickness measurement, Second pipe coated with epoxy layer for epoxy layer thickness measurement, third pipe coated with Polyethylene layer for polyethylene layer thickness measurement along with sampling for indentation hardness test, fourth pipe coated with all three layers and tested for thickness measurement of combined three layers, holiday detection, peel adhesion strength test, impact test and cathodic disbondment test. All testing were evaluated to check compliance against the standard DIN 30670 requirements and coating procedure specifications.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121175685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}