Environmental Science: Current Research最新文献

{"title":"Herbivory and Soil Properties as Ecological Constraints to Willow Growth in a Restored Riparian Ecosystem in Coastal California","authors":"G. Coffman","doi":"10.24966/ESCR-5020/100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ESCR-5020/100003","url":null,"abstract":"Herbivory and Soil Proper- ties as Ecological Constraints to Willow Growth in a Restored Riparian Ecosystem in Coastal California. J Environ Sci 2: 003. Abstract This study investigated stunted arroyo willow ( Salix lasiolepis ) cuttings planted along a restored riparian corridor in Marin County, California. Restoration activities along this corridor included channel realignment, bank stabilization, and placement of streambed material and large woody debris, which required the use of heavy ma- chinery and compacted soils. Additionally, evidence of deer browsing indicated that predation may be significantly affecting cutting growth and survivorship. In our field study, we measured effects of deer browsing and physical soil characteristics (i.e., soil moisture, com- paction, texture, and total organic content) on the change in willow growth (i.e., height, mean canopy diameter, estimated aerial percent cover, and volume) of 160 recently planted willow cuttings (in their second and third year of growth following planting) to better under- stand stunted growth. Growth and health attributes of the cuttings were further analyzed in relation to three factors: 1) presence of ex- clusionary deer fencing; 2) location on left or right bank and 3) age of the cutting. Results of the study indicated deer herbivory was a critical stressor limiting survivorship and growth of willow cuttings. Exclusionary fencing resulted in significantly higher growth for all four metrics compared to unfenced willows with the greatest bene-ficial effect on younger willows in their second growing season. Sig - nificantly higher soil moisture and lower soil compaction were found in reference sites compared to restoration study sites. However, the influence of physical soil characteristics on willow growth revealed weak correlations. Exclusionary fencing is a cost-efficient method for restricting browsing by wild herbivores on recently planted willow cuttings, most effective when implemented during the first two growing seasons or until willow cuttings are resilient to the effects of herbivory.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134087444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro Information System for Arsenic Risk Assessment and Mitigation","authors":"S. Shams","doi":"10.24966/ESCR-5020/100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ESCR-5020/100005","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater contamination by arsenic is an issue of paramount importance in the Asian region (Bangladesh, India, Cambodia, Vietnam, etc.,), and in the Africa region (Ghana, Nigeria, Camer-oon etc.,). The evaluation of arsenic and its mitigation measures are based on quick accessibility to arsenic database and relevant spatial information. This study highlights the modelling of arsenic contamination for risk analysis and mitigation measures using a Hy- dro Information System (HIS). The HIS is based on Java language, Open source Geographical Information System (OGIS) compatible PostgreSQL database and visualization tools OpenMap for under-standing the spatial distribution and magnitude of arsenic problem in Bangladesh. HIS accomplish this task of risk assessment of arsenic contamination based on degree of threat to exposed population and magnitude of contamination. Decision Support System (DSS) that takes into consideration the behavioural aspects, socio-economic situations and geophysical characteristics of the study area is linked to HIS in order to recommend the most suitable mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123694022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light Gradient and Moonlight Effects on the Ventral Calcified Stripes and the Thallus Aspects of Padina spp. on the Mediterranean Coast of Israel","authors":"M. Benita","doi":"10.24966/ESCR-5020/100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ESCR-5020/100006","url":null,"abstract":"Light is an important abiotic environmental factor that dictates several dial, monthly and annual life patterns for most of the creatures on earth. Aside from its essential role as energy supporter of life on our planet, light may be dangerous and even deadly when overexposure occurs. Around the Israeli shores, intertidal organisms face high radiation most of the year, which exacerbated at ebb time due to desiccation. The Padina species, i.e., brown macroalgae inhabiting the Israeli abrasion platforms, seem to have means to protect themselves from excess light in such environments. They precipitate CaCO3 in the form of aragonite needle-shaped crystals arranged in concentric stripes located mainly on the ventral side of the frond. These ventral stripes cover the reproductive organs, which are located behind them on the dorsal side of the frond. The aragonite needle-shaped crystals in the apical stripes change to a flattened amorphous shape in older parts of the frond, probably due to wave erosion. We present here our results regarding the effect of light intensity and moonlight on rate of deposition of aragonite by the algae. It seems that from 19.6 μE to 380 μE the reflectance and the amount of CaCO3 are correlated and when there is more light-amount, there is more precipitation and more reflectance. Also, under full moon, the algae precipitate 40%wider stripes then under new-born moon. Citation: Benita M, Segman R, Iluz D, Dubinsky Z (2019) Light Gradient and Moonlight Effects on the Ventral Calcified Stripes and the Thallus Aspects of Padina spp. on the Mediterranean Coast of Israel. J Environ Sci Curr Res 2: 006.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"482 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116526049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Husk Biopellet Characteristics as Solid Fuel for Combustion Stove","authors":"S. Harsono","doi":"10.24966/ESCR-5020/100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ESCR-5020/100004","url":null,"abstract":"[5]. Abstract As the global population increases, fuel consumption levels will definitely upsurge. The increased demand may lead to fuel crisis, es pecially on oil products and gas. Evidently, there is need for alterna tive sources, specifically the renewable ones obtained from natural resources. Even though its quality is affected by moisture content, it can be the best alternative to oil products. The lower level of mois ture content creates a better heat value for the product. This study aimed at analyzing the quality of coffee husk biopellet. It focused on the analysis of the moisture and ash contents of 8.32% to 8.91% and 7.05% to 8.07% respectively, along with the calorific value of 16879.45 kJ/kg to process it that do not emit hydrocarbons during combustion.","PeriodicalId":138820,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Current Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117091862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}