International Journal of Clinical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Immunotherapy for endometrial cancer.","authors":"Michiko Wada, Wataru Yamagami","doi":"10.1007/s10147-024-02568-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-024-02568-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) has a poor prognosis and new treatment options are needed. In 2013, EC was classified by genomic analysis into four groups: the POLE ultra-mutated group, the MSI-high hypermutated group (MSI-H), the copy number low group, and the copy number high group. The prognosis differs based on the classification, which should enable the individualization of treatment. The MSI-H and POLE types can induce PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Among the gynecological cancers, EC exhibits the highest levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and has the highest proportion of MSI-H. Thus, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is expected to be effective. The first ICI to show efficacy in recurrent EC was the anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, which exhibited efficacy in MSI-H EC. The combination of pembrolizumab and the multi-kinase inhibitor lenvatinib significantly prolongs OS/PFS compared with single-agent chemotherapy in previously treated recurrent EC, regardless of MSI status. ICIs are now moving from second-line and beyond to first-line treatment regimens. The efficacy of paclitaxel plus carboplatin (TC) and ICI combinations compared with TC have been demonstrated, including an ongoing Phase III trial comparing chemotherapy with the combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib. Although ICIs are becoming the mainstay of EC, they cause systemic inflammatory side effects known as irAEs. The incidence of irAEs is higher for combination therapy with CT or lenvatinib compared with ICI therapy alone. Even though they are rarely fatal, irAEs should be addressed promptly.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"449-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phase two trial evaluating FOLFIRI plus aflibercept after failure of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer.","authors":"Koji Ando, Hironaga Satake, Mototsugu Shimokawa, Hisateru Yasui, Yuji Negoro, Tatsuya Kinjo, Junya Kizaki, Kenji Baba, Hiroyuki Orita, Keiji Hirata, Sanae Sakamoto, Akitaka Makiyama, Hiroshi Saeki, Akihito Tsuji, Hideo Baba, Eiji Oki","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02701-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02701-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab (BEV) is an option for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment strategy when disease progresses. The EFFORT open-label, multicenter, single-arm phase II study investigated whether FOLFIRI plus aflibercept retains activity after progression of FOLFOXIRI plus BEV treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patients with unresectable mCRC who failed first-line FOLFOXIRI plus BEV received FOLFIRI plus aflibercept. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in the full analysis set (FAS). Angiogenic biomarkers were measured before treatment initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From April 2019 to May 2021, 35 patients were enrolled and 34 were analysed in the FAS population (men, 18; median age, 63 years [range: 32-78]). The primary tumor was left-sided in most cases (23/34), 23 patients were RAS mutant, 3 patients had BRAF V600E mutation and 27 patients had liver metastases. The primary end-point was met with a median PFS of 4.3 months [80% confidence interval [CI] 3.7-5.1]. Median overall survival was 15.2 months [95% CI 8.9-22.7]. Per RECIST, there were 1 complete response, 4 partial responses, 21 stable diseases and 8 disease progressions. Overall response rate was 14.7% [95% CI 5.0-31.1], and disease control rate was 76.5% [95% CI 58.8-89.3]. Responses were more common in patients with high VEGF-C, low VEGF-D and low PlGF levels before treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FOLFIRI plus aflibercept, administered after failure of FOLFOXIRI plus BEV, is effective and has a manageable safety profile. This regimen may be a useful second-line treatment option for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"514-523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of PSA dynamics and oncological outcomes in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors.","authors":"Yasutaka Yamada, Kodai Sato, Shinichi Sakamoto, Takuya Tsujino, Sinpei Saito, Kazuki Nishimura, Tatsuo Fukushima, Ko Nakamura, Yuki Yoshikawa, Tomohisa Matsunaga, Ryoichi Maenosono, Manato Kanesaka, Takayuki Arai, Tomokazu Sazuka, Yusuke Imamura, Kazumasa Komura, Kazuo Mikami, Kazuyoshi Nakamura, Satoshi Fukasawa, Kazuto Chiba, Yukio Naya, Maki Nagata, Atsushi Komaru, Hiroomi Nakatsu, Haruhito Azuma, Tomohiko Ichikawa","doi":"10.1007/s10147-024-02676-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-024-02676-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the characteristics of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics when androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), or vintage agent (bicalutamide) was used for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 213 mHSPC patients from each of the ARSI and bicalutamide groups treated between 2015 and 2022 were selected from multiple institutions using propensity score-matched analysis to align backgrounds. PSA progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. PSA level at 3 months, PSA nadir level, and time to PSA nadir were examined to analyze of PSA kinetics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ARSI treatment significantly improved PSA PFS compared to bicalutamide (P = 0.0063), although no significant difference in OS was seen (P = 0.3134). No significant differences were observed between treatment groups in median PSA levels at 3 months (1.47 vs 0.52 ng/ml, P = 0.3042) or PSA nadir levels (0.263 vs 0.1345 ng/ml, P = 0.1228). Bicalutamide treatment demonstrated longer time to nadir than ARSI in progression-free cases (median: 243 vs 213.5 days, P = 0.0003). Survival tree analysis found that PSA nadir ≤ 1.5 ng/ml and time to nadir ≥ 145 days were the optimal cut-offs for best stratifying OS with bicalutamide, while PSA nadir ≤ 0.45 ng/ml and time to nadir ≥ 70 days were optimal with ARSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No significant differences in PSA response was seen between groups; however, distinct optimal cut-offs were demonstrated for PSA nadir and time to nadir. The present findings will be useful for optimal PSA monitoring for mHSPC patients and for early identification of poor-prognosis populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"539-550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142800603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year outcomes with gefitinib induction and chemoradiotherapy in EGFR-mutant stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: LOGIK0902/OLCSG0905 phase II study.","authors":"Katsuyuki Hotta, Sho Saeki, Shinya Sakata, Masafumi Yamaguchi, Daijiro Harada, Akihiro Bessho, Kentaro Tanaka, Koji Inoue, Koji Inoue, Kenichi Gemba, Toshio Kubo, Akiko Sato, Eiki Ichihara, Hiromi Watanabe, Junji Kishimoto, Yoshiyuki Shioyama, Kuniaki Katsui, Kenji Sugio, Katsuyuki Kiura","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02696-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02696-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We previously showed the 2-year OS rate, the primary endpoint, of 90% in a phase II trial of gefitinib induction followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in unresectable, stage III, EGFR-mutant, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, neither long-term survival data nor late-phase adverse event profiles have been presented.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients with unresectable, EGFR-mutant, stage III NSCLC were administered gefitinib monotherapy for 8 weeks. After confirming no disease progression during induction therapy, cisplatin and docetaxel on days 1, 8, 29, and 36 with concurrent radiotherapy at a total dose of 60 Gy were subsequently administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the enrolled twenty patients, the 5-year OS rate and median survival time were 70.0% [95% confidence interval: 45.1-85.3] and 5.5 years [4.91-NE], respectively, whereas 5-year PFS rate and median PFS time were 15.0% (3.7-33.5) and 1.4 years [0.69-2.29], respectively. Efficacy did not seem influenced even if radiation field was re-planed in response to the effect of gefitinib induction. As for late adverse events, pulmonary fibrosis occurred in 7 patients (35%). The median time from completion of CRT to the occurrence of the event was 245 days. All were grade 1, and there was no evidence of cavitation of the lesions or chronic infections such as Aspergillus infection during the course of the disease. One case of small cell lung cancer occurred during the period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With longer follow-up time, we demonstrated favorable efficacy with tolerable toxicity profiles in the EGFR-TKI induction followed by standard CRT in EGFR-mutant, stage III, NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Trial registration numbers: </strong>UMIN00005086. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows&action=brows&recptno=R000006047&type=summary&language=EjRCTs071180036 . https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs071180036.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"497-503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-evaluating prognostic factors for cervical cancer with lymph node metastasis: a Japanese multicenter cohort study based on FIGO 2018.","authors":"Kohei Hamada, Koji Yamanoi, Nobutaka Hayashi, Yasushi Kotani, Hisanori Matsumoto, Naoki Horikawa, Kaoru Abiko, Yukio Yamanishi, Yoko Iemura, Mana Taki, Ryusuke Murakami, Ken Yamaguchi, Junzo Hamanishi, Masaki Mandai","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02697-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02697-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2018, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) revised its cervical cancer staging system to enhance clinical relevance, notably by categorizing lymph node metastases (LNM) as an independent stage IIIC. This multicenter study evaluates the prognostic implications of the FIGO 2018 classification within a Japanese cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1468 patients with cervical cancer. Initial FIGO 2009 stages were restaged under FIGO 2018. Stage IIIC was further compared based on the location of LNM (pelvic or para-aortic, i.e., IIIC1 and IIIC2, respectively), local tumor stage, and histology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 345 cases (27.4%) were upstaged to stage IIIC, which exhibited a poorer prognosis compared to stage II (HR, 2.12; 95% CI 1.29 - 3.48; p = 0.004) and better than stage IIIAB (HR, 0.46; 95% CI 0.27 - 0.78; p = 0.004). Notably, stage IIIC2 showed a significantly worse prognosis than IIIC1 (HR, 2.32; 95% CI 1.37 - 3.93; p = 0.003). Subdivisions of stage IIIC1 (T1, T2, and T3AB) displayed significantly varied prognoses, with the prognosis for IIIC1-T3AB similar to that of stage IIIAB. In contrast, all subdivisions of IIIC2 showed uniformly poor outcomes. Multivariate analysis of stage IIIC patients revealed that para-aortic LNM, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma histology, and local T3AB tumor remained significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The classification of para-aortic LNM as stage IIIC2 has proven to be of critical relevance in the Japanese cohort. However, the prognostic impact of stage IIIC1 remains influenced by local tumor factors and histological subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"584-592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of presurgical systemic therapy on perioperative outcomes of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.","authors":"Kotaro Suzuki, Yasuyoshi Okamura, Yukari Bando, Takuto Hara, Tomoaki Terakawa, Yoji Hyodo, Koji Chiba, Akihisa Yao, Jun Teishima, Hideaki Miyake","doi":"10.1007/s10147-024-02680-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-024-02680-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgery for inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVC-TT) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is highly invasive and is associated with perioperative mortality. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of presurgical systemic therapy (PT) on perioperative outcomes in RCC patients with IVC-TT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 68 patients with right-sided RCC and level ≥ II IVC-TT were included in this study. The tumor response to PT was investigated, and we compared surgical outcomes and perioperative complications between patients with PT (n = 23) and those who underwent immediate surgical resection (non-PT, n = 45).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the PT group, while 15 patients were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) alone, a combination of immune-oncology (IO) therapy and TKIs (IO + TKI) was used in 8 patients. Eleven of 23 (47.8%) patients in the PT group showed a reduction in the level of TT. PT significantly reduced the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, the need for extracorporeal circulation, the incidence of grade ≥ III perioperative complications, and the duration of hospitalization after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that PT may be effective in reducing surgical invasiveness in RCC patients with IVC-TT. Further prospective studies are needed to identify the optimal drug regimen for PT and to clarify its survival benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"532-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved prognosis of de novo metastatic prostate cancer after an introduction of life-prolonging agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.","authors":"Tokiyoshi Tanegashima, Masaki Shiota, Naoki Terada, Toshihiro Saito, Akira Yokomizo, Naoki Kohei, Takayuki Goto, Sadafumi Kawamura, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Atsushi Takahashi, Takahiro Kimura, Ken-Ichi Tabata, Ryotaro Tomida, Kohei Hashimoto, Toshihiko Sakurai, Toru Shimazui, Shinichi Sakamoto, Manabu Kamiyama, Nobumichi Tanaka, Koji Mitsuzuka, Takuma Kato, Shintaro Narita, Hiroaki Yasumoto, Shogo Teraoka, Masashi Kato, Takahiro Osawa, Yoshiyuki Nagumo, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Hideki Enokida, Takayuki Sugiyama, Kentaro Kuroiwa, Hiroshi Kitamura, Toshiyuki Kamoto, Masatoshi Eto","doi":"10.1007/s10147-024-02681-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-024-02681-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Japan, since 2014, new treatments such as androgen receptor signaling inhibitors and cabazitaxel have become applicable for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), leading to dramatic changes in treatment options.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the impact of recent advancements in treatment options on the overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2450 Japanese men diagnosed with de novo mCSPC between 2008 and 2018. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the period of diagnosis: an earlier period (2008-2013) and a later period (2014-2018). OS was compared between earlier and later periods using Kaplan-Meier analysis in total and propensity score matched subpopulation as well as risk-stratified subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients diagnosed in the later period exhibited significantly improved OS compared to those diagnosed in the earlier period. The risk score, calculated based on ISUP grade group, LDH levels, and ALP levels, was a poor prognostic factor. In the later period, compared to the earlier period, there was no improvement in OS in the favorable-risk group, but a significant improvement was observed in the poor-risk group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was suggested that the introduction of novel androgen receptor signaling inhibitors and chemotherapy treatment regimens since 2014 has led to improved survival outcomes for patients with de novo mCSPC, particularly those with poor-risk profiles. The findings highlight the impact of recent advancements in treatment on the prognosis of patients with metastatic prostate cancer in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"551-558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142835651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Geriatric 8 screening tool scores in elderly and non-elderly patients with cancer.","authors":"Hideki Shimaoka, Yoichiro Yoshida, Teppei Yamada, Hisaaki Shimokoube, Naoya Aisu, Shinichiro Ogawa, Kazuo Tamura, Suguru Hasegawa","doi":"10.1007/s10147-024-02688-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-024-02688-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Population aging and increased cancer incidence have made the treatment of cancer in older individuals an increasingly important issue. Geriatric 8 (G8) is a screening tool developed to identify patients who would benefit most from a comprehensive geriatric assessment (GA). Previous G8 studies have involved older patients, but the age-related significance and usefulness of G8 is unknown. In this study, G8 screening was administered to patients who were 30 years of age or over with cancer to examine a G8 score in each 10 years age group and its correlation with other GA tools.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted at Fukuoka University Hospital from January 2020 to March 2022 and enrolled 715 patients aged ≥ 30 years undergoing surgery for primary gastrointestinal cancer or malignant disease. The relationship between age, G8, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), activities of daily living (ADL), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the patients was 69 years (34-98 years). Functional disability in ADLs was present in 43 patients (6%) and in IADLs in 72 patients (10.1%). The mean G8 score by age group was 13.7, 13.1, 13.3, 13.3, 12.4, 11.3, and 9.25 for ages 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, and 90-100 years, respectively. For each of the ADL/IADL items, the group with functional disability had significantly lower G8 scores than the group without functional disability (p < 0.001). The relationship between the G8 score and CCI by age group showed that the G8 score decreased as the CCI score increased. Assessments divided into age groups of 65, 70, and 75 years showed significant differences between groups for most ADL/IADL items and G8 scores, even when divided by age 65.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>G8 scores were lower in patients with ADL/IADL disabilities and decreased with age in both the presence and absence of disabilities. The G8 total score decreased significantly after the age of 70 years. Performing G8 in patients < 65 years of age does not decrease sensitivity; however, the functional decline is so slight that it appears reasonable to restrict G8 screening to patients ≥ 65 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"457-468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paclitaxel plus cetuximab versus nivolumab for patients with platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Hiroyuki Kodama, Shigenori Kadowaki, Yasunobu Ishizuka, Munehiro Wakabayashi, Tomoki Sakakida, Kazunori Honda, Toshiki Masuishi, Yukiya Narita, Hiroya Taniguchi, Masashi Ando, Toshihiro Kishikawa, Hoshino Terada, Shintaro Beppu, Daisuke Nishikawa, Hidenori Suzuki, Nobuhiro Hanai, Kei Muro","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02698-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02698-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nivolumab is the standard treatment for platinum-refractory recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M-HNSCC). Several studies have reported the efficacy of paclitaxel plus cetuximab (PC) combination therapy in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with platinum-refractory R/M-HNSCC treated with nivolumab or PC at our institution between January 2015 and March 2022. Eligibility criteria included histologically confirmed HNSCC, ECOG performance status (PS) 0-2, with platinum-refractory R/M disease, defined as recurrence or disease progression within 6 months after platinum-based definitive chemoradiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline characteristics of the 56 patients (21 PC/35 nivolumab) were ECOG PS 1-2 (76/54%), metastatic sites ≥ 2 (33/46%), local recurrence (62/23%), and median tumor size (43.2/26.2 mm). Median progression-free survival (mPFS) tended to favor PC over nivolumab (4.3/2.7 months, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.7, p = 0.41), and median overall survival tended to be inferior for PC (8.0/23.2 months, HR: 1.58, p = 0.20). Similar results were obtained after adjusting for several relevant factors. The objective response rate was numerically higher with PC (31/19%). Grade 3/4 adverse events were more frequent with PC (29/6%), and the most prevalent were leukopenia (19%) for PC and liver dysfunction (6%) for nivolumab. Subsequent treatment with PC and nivolumab was administered to 75% and 72% of patients, respectively; the mPFS of these patients was significantly lower with PC (1.6/9.2 months, HR: 9.9, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both PC and nivolumab are viable treatment options for platinum-refractory R/M-HNSCC, though their efficacy and safety profiles should be carefully considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"480-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensity-modulated radiation therapy can reduce acute toxicities in long-course neoadjuvant radiation therapy combined with S-1 for locally advanced rectal cancer.","authors":"Saori Tatsuno, Hiroshi Doi, Masahiro Inada, Junki Fukuda, Naoko Ishida, Takuya Uehara, Kiyoshi Nakamatsu, Makoto Hosono, Junichiro Kawamura, Yukinori Matsuo","doi":"10.1007/s10147-024-02690-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-024-02690-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes and adverse events between three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in patients undergoing long-course neoadjuvant radiation therapy (NA-RT) for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (LARC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed a total of 47 consecutive patients who received NA-RT for LARC between January 2011 and September 2022. Seven and 40 patients were diagnosed with clinical stages II and III, respectively. The prescribed dose per fraction was 1.8 Gy for total doses of 45 or 50.4 Gy. Seventeen and 30 patients received 3D-CRT and IMRT, respectively. NA-RT was delivered with concurrent chemotherapy of oral administration of S-1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Planned NA-RT was completed without any treatment interruption in 43 of the 47 patients. Two patients experienced treatment interruption, and two patients discontinued due to grade ≥ 3 toxicities. No significant differences were observed between patients receiving 3D-CRT and IMRT in local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival (P = 0.488, 0.259, and 0.636, respectively). Patients receiving IMRT showed significantly fewer non-hematological grade ≥ 2 acute toxicities than those receiving 3D-CRT (33.3% vs. 70.6%, P = 0.018). In addition, patients who received IMRT tended to have less intestinal toxicity of grade ≥ 2 than those who received 3D-CRT (P = 0.057).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IMRT significantly reduced grade ≥ 2 acute toxicities without compromising oncologic outcomes compared to 3D-CRT. Therefore, IMRT may be considered as a current standard treatment in the total neoadjuvant therapy era.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"504-513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}