International Journal of Clinical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic and molecular mechanisms in lung cancer with interstitial pneumonia.","authors":"Aya Fukuizumi, Masahiro Seike","doi":"10.1007/s10147-026-02962-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-026-02962-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, with cumulative incidence rates of 3.3% and 15.4% at 1 and 5 years of follow-up, respectively. The prognosis for patients with lung cancer and IPF is worse than that for patients with IPF alone, primarily due to the progression of lung cancer and complications arising after treatment. Epidemiological and molecular studies indicate that IPF and lung cancer share several pathogenic mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. Germline mutations may contribute to both conditions by disrupting the balance between oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, thereby driving carcinogenesis in fibrotic lungs. Epigenetic dysregulation, such as DNA methylation changes, histone modifications, and deregulation of noncoding RNAs, serves as a common link between these diseases by activating key signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt. These pathways promote alveolar type II cell hyperproliferation and metaplasia, both of which are critical processes in disease progression. In addition, mesenchymal transitions represent a shared pathological feature of lung fibrosis and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the current molecular insights into lung carcinogenesis in lung cancer with IPF. Furthermore, we present findings from our recent comprehensive genetic analysis, which identifies distinct gene profiles indicative of unique carcinogenic mechanisms in lung cancer with IPF. These insights may contribute to improved risk assessment, early detection strategies, and the development of targeted therapies for lung cancer patients with IPF.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"383-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning pancreatic cancer from cold to hot: the promise of a p53-expressing oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-702).","authors":"Shinji Kuroda, Hiroshi Tazawa, Masashi Hashimoto, Nobuhiko Kanaya, Yoshihiko Kakiuchi, Shunsuke Kagawa, Yasuo Urata, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara","doi":"10.1007/s10147-026-02991-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-026-02991-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with limited therapeutic options and poor responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This resistance is largely attributed to its profoundly immunosuppressive and desmoplastic tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by low tumor mutational burden, dense stroma, and abundant immunosuppressive cell populations. Therefore, strategies capable of enhancing tumor immunogenicity and overcoming immune evasion are urgently needed. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising approach, offering not only tumor-selective cytotoxicity, but also potent immunomodulatory effects. Of these agents, Telomelysin (OBP-301, Suratadenoturev), a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus, demonstrated clinical safety but limited efficacy in refractory tumors. To address this challenge, we developed OBP-702, a next-generation, p53-armed, oncolytic adenovirus designed to augment antitumor activity. Preclinical studies have shown that OBP-702 exerts robust cytotoxicity through multiple mechanisms, including p53-mediated apoptosis and autophagy, E1A-E2F1-mediated p21 suppression, and inhibition of oncogenic KRAS pathways. Importantly, OBP-702 induces strong immunogenic cell death, activates dendritic cells, and promotes tumor-specific T-cell responses, effectively converting immunologically \"cold\" pancreatic tumors into \"hot\" tumors. OBP-702 also remodels the immunosuppressive TME by reducing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion, suppressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and targeting stromal components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These effects contribute to enhanced responses to ICIs and standard chemotherapies. Given its multifaceted antitumor functions and ability to overcome key barriers in pancreatic cancer, OBP-702 represents a highly promising therapeutic candidate. A first-in-human clinical trial evaluating endoscopic ultrasonography-guided intratumoral injection of OBP-702 is currently in preparation, expected to advance clinical translation of this novel virotherapeutic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146258122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local treatment for metastatic and primary sites in metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the combination immunotherapy era: a narrative review.","authors":"Junya Abe, Takaya Murashima, Shimpei Kojima, Takashi Ueno, Akinori Takei, Naoko Nakai, Takahiro Akioka, Toshiyuki Kamoto, Atsuro Sawada","doi":"10.1007/s10147-026-02982-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-026-02982-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in immuno-oncology (IO)-based systemic therapies have improved treatment outcomes for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, long-term survival of these patients remains challenging, highlighting the need to reassess the role of local and metastasis-directed treatments. Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) has traditionally been a part of the therapeutic armamentarium for mRCC, and evidence from the targeted therapy era-most notably the CARMENA and SURTIME trials-indicates that deferred CN after initial systemic therapy may benefit carefully selected patients. In the IO era, prospective evidence regarding CN is lacking, although ongoing trials, such as NORDIC-SUN and PROBE, are expected to refine patient selection and optimal timing. Real-world analysis reveals a significant decline in conducting CN since 2018. However, CN remains associated with improved overall survival of patients who received several IO-based first-line regimens after adjustment for baseline characteristics. Metastasis-directed treatments, including metastasectomy and local interventions for bone metastases, continue to exhibit potential survival benefits and may maintain functional status when complete resection of lesions is achievable. Considering the absence of definitive prospective data applicable to routine clinical practice, individualized treatment strategies should consider CN and local therapies alongside systemic treatment response, tumor biology, and patient-specific prognostic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146178570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profiles and predictors of symptomatic skeletal events in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving denosumab.","authors":"Mana Nakata, Fumihiko Urabe, Yu Imai, Kosuke Iwatani, Yuzo Inaba, Juria Nakano, Kensuke Fujiwara, Masaki Hashimoto, Yuhei Koike, Yuya Iwamoto, Shuhei Hara, Keiichiro Miyajima, Wataru Fukuokaya, Mahito Atsuta, Kagenori Ito, Keiichiro Mori, Takafumi Yanagisawa, Masaya Murakami, Kojiro Tashiro, Shunsuke Tsuzuki, Masato Yamaguchi, Tatsuya Shimomura, Jun Miki, Takahiro Kimura","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02937-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02937-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Denosumab, a bone-modifying agent, reduces the incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs), but its optimal use in real-world metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) settings remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 235 patients with bone mCRPC treated with denosumab between 2015 and 2024. The primary endpoint was identification of risk factors associated with symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs) after denosumab initiation. Secondary endpoints were risk factors for SREs occurring prior to denosumab. Multivariate Cox regression analyses assessed independent predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 11 months, 27 patients (11.5%) developed an SSE. The most common events were EBRT to bone (7.7%) and pathologic fractures (4.3%). The 2-year SSE-free survival rate was 79.4%. A prior history of SREs was independently associated with a significantly increased risk of subsequent SSEs (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-4.92; p = 0.047). In a separate analysis of SREs occurring prior to denosumab, grade 2 and ≥ 3 disease at the time of bone metastasis diagnosis were associated with higher risk (HR: 2.62 and 2.32, respectively; both p < 0.05). Denosumab was discontinued in 62.6% of patients, primarily due to clinical deterioration, death, or difficulty attending appointments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this real-world study, approximately 10% of patients with bone mCRPC developed SSEs during denosumab therapy, mostly within the first year. A prior SRE and high baseline bone tumor burden were significant predictors of skeletal complications, underscoring the importance of early risk stratification and timely initiation of bone-targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"292-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145707915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term progression-free survivors (\"super responders\") to olaparib maintenance in recurrent ovarian cancer: a multicenter real-world study (KCOG-G2101s).","authors":"Naho Fukuda, Tsuyoshi Takashima, Hidekatsu Nakai, Emi Yoshioka, Kimihiko Ito, Roze Taniguchi, Hiroshi Tsubamoto, Takashi Motohashi, Satoe Fujiwara, Takahiro Katsuda, Shin Nishio, Hiroaki Nagano, Ryutaro Nishikawa, Kentaro Kai, Atsushi Arakawa, Kazuko Sakai, Eiichi Morii, Kazuto Nishio, Noriomi Matsumura","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02942-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02942-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>PARP inhibitors have been shown to improve progression-free survival in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. However, their potential for long-term response and cure remains unclear in real-world practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study of patients with recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer who were treated with olaparib maintenance therapy in the Kansai Clinical Oncology Group. We analyzed clinical outcomes according to histological tissue type, platinum sensitivity, BRCA mutation status, and SLFN11 expression. Epithelial ovarian cancers were classified into type I (low-grade serous carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, low-grade endometrioid carcinoma) and type II (high-grade serous carcinoma, high-grade endometrioid carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 patients were registered. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 12.0 and 42.0 months, respectively. Type II tumors exhibited significantly longer progression-free survival than type I tumors (p = 0.027). Among type II tumors, those with platinum-sensitive recurrence and a response to chemotherapy (PSR-R, n = 51) had significantly better progression-free survival than non PSR-R (p < 0.0001). Notably, eight PSR-R patients (15.7%) achieved greater than five years of progression-free survival (\"super responders\"), and all had no evidence of disease at the last follow-up. BRCA mutations and SLFN11 expression were not associated with progression-free survival or super responders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this real-world cohort, a subset of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer achieved durable, potentially curative responses with olaparib maintenance, regardless of their BRCA mutation status. When evaluating PARP inhibitor therapy, long-term progression-free survival should be considered a key endpoint.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"310-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of baseline regular magnesium oxide administration on chemotherapy-induced constipation during cisplatin-containing treatment.","authors":"Yoshitaka Saito, Yoh Takekuma, Jun Sakakibara-Konishi, Yasushi Shimizu, Ichiro Kinoshita, Mitsuru Sugawara","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02945-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02945-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chemotherapy-induced constipation frequently occurs with cisplatin-containing treatments, partly because of concomitant neurokinin 1 and serotonin 3 receptor antagonists. We have clinically observed that patients with baseline regular laxative administration, most of whom were on magnesium oxide, exhibited less chemotherapy-induced constipation than those without, and assessed its impact on symptom development in real-world cisplatin-containing treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin-containing treatment (n = 240) were divided into a control group without baseline laxative administration and a magnesium group with baseline regular magnesium oxide administration and retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoint was evaluation of the incidence of grade ≥ 2 constipation during the first 7 days following treatment initiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incidence of grade ≥ 2 constipation was 82.5% in the control group and 50.0% in the magnesium group, which was significantly less in the magnesium group (P < 0.0001). The incidence of all-grade symptoms was also significantly lower in the magnesium group than in the control group (67.5% vs. 84.5%, P = 0.02). Additionally, the administration of new laxatives was less common in the magnesium group (P = 0.007). Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that baseline administration of magnesium oxide is a preventive factor for grade ≥ 2 constipation. Furthermore, patients receiving 2 g daily magnesium oxide at baseline developed significantly less grade ≥ 2 constipation than those with < 2 g (19.1% and 84.2%, respectively, P < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study suggests that patients with baseline regular magnesium oxide administration exhibit less chemotherapy-induced constipation than those without the administration in cisplatin-containing treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"336-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of health-related quality of life, sleep quality, and gustation in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma receiving late-line enfortumab vedotin monotherapy.","authors":"Makito Miyake, Nobutaka Nishimura, Yuki Oda, Takuto Shimizu, Takuya Owari, Kota Iida, Yasushi Nakai, Nobumichi Tanaka, Kiyohide Fujimoto","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02953-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02953-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To describe real-world data on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving late-line enfortumab vedotin (EV) monotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 19 previously treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients who received late-line EV monotherapy. Time-course changes in the domains and subscales of the EORTC QLQ-C30, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, multi-item short form-8, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and chemotherapy-induced taste alteration scale (CiTAS) questionnaires during EV monotherapy up to 10 cycles were evaluated using linear mixed effects models for repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Generally, a negative effect on physical function-related domains was observed during EV monotherapy. In the analysis of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 global health status/QoL subscale, three (16%), nine (47%), and seven (37%) patients experienced clinically meaningful improvement, stability, and clinically meaningful deterioration during EV monotherapy, respectively, and Kaplan-Meier estimation demonstrated that the median number of cycles to deterioration was six. The global PSQI score showed marginally normalized sleep quality, with gradual decrease in population of patients with poor sleep quality (global PSQI score, ≥ 6). After the initiation of EV monotherapy, dysgeusia with worsening subscales in the decline in basic taste and general taste alterations occurred early in the first to fourth cycles. In contrast, the appetite loss score on the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire did not change during EV monotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Late-line EV monotherapy showed a generally acceptable negative impact on HRQoL. Effective interventions are needed to maintain physical functioning and gustatory abilities in patients receiving EV monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"355-366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraperitoneal nivolumab for malignant ascites in patients with advanced gastrointestinal or pancreaticobiliary tract cancer.","authors":"Hsiu-Tzu Wang, Yung-Luen Yu, Wen-Jyi Lo, Mei-Chen Lin, Chien-Lun Chu, Chia-Yu Chen, Sing-Ting Wang, Chang-Fang Chiu, En-Jia Bai, Li-Yuan Bai","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02930-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02930-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malignant ascites occur in 10-15% of patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers. The abundance of immune cells in the peritoneum and ascitic fluid, along with the immunosuppressive environment created by cancer cells, suggests the potential utility of intraperitoneal (IP) immune checkpoint inhibitors for controlling malignant ascites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with gastrointestinal or pancreaticobiliary tract cancer and cytologically confirmed malignant ascites received IP nivolumab. Twenty mg of nivolumab diluted in 100 mL of saline was infused into the peritoneal cavity over 10 min following paracentesis. IP treatment was repeated after each subsequent paracentesis until deemed ineffective by the treating physician, upon the occurrence of unacceptable toxicity, or discontinued at the patient's request. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05745233).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of the nine enrolled patients was 55 years. Underlying malignancies included pancreatic (n = 4), biliary tract (n = 3), and gastric cancers (n = 2). After a median of 3 (range: 2-5) treatment cycles, seven patients (77.8%) showed a clinical response, as evidenced by reduced ascitic fluid and prolonged intervals between paracenteses. The only adverse effect observed was grade 1 tenderness at the puncture sites. Reduction in tumor cell count in ascites, rather than changes in the total lymphocyte count or lymphocyte subpopulations, correlated with clinical response. Responders consistently exhibited increased vascular endothelial growth factor A and decreased interleukin-1α levels following nivolumab administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraperitoneal administration of nivolumab effectively controlled malignant ascites with minimal adverse effects. However, further validation in a larger cohort is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"281-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12847151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of neutropenia severity in the setting of recent chemotherapy on mortality in sepsis.","authors":"Shreyas Shirodkar, Saad Javaid, Jennifer Collins, Khawaja Omar, Amir Kamran","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02949-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02949-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis and septic shock are major causes of non-relapse mortality in cancer patients, with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia increasing infection risk. The prognostic impact of neutropenia remains unclear across cancer subtypes.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Research Network, comprising deidentified data from over 141 million patients across 105 U.S. health care organizations. Adults with select solid cancers who received chemotherapy and developed severe sepsis with septic shock from 2013 to 2024 were included. Patients were stratified by neutropenia severity (< 0.5 × 103/µL vs. 0.5-1.5 × 103/µL), and propensity score matching was applied to balance demographics, comorbidities, and treatment variables. Outcomes including short- and long-term mortality, organ failure, bacteremia, and immune-related adverse events were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1083 eligible patients (184 severe, 899 mild-moderate neutropenia), severe neutropenia was associated with significantly worse survival at all timepoints, with median survival of 13 days versus 106 days and hazard ratios of 1.56-2.03 from 30 days to 1 year (all p < 0.001). Secondary outcomes showed no difference in immune-related adverse events, a nonsignificant trend toward increased organ failure, and higher rates of bacteremia in the severe neutropenia cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater severity of chemotherapy-associated neutropenia is linked to worse short-term survival and increased complications in cancer patients with septic shock. Stratifying by neutrophil count bands revealed that severe neutropenia (< 0.5 × 10³/µL) independently predicts poorer outcomes, emphasizing its value for risk stratification and guiding clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"347-354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustained antiemetic efficacy of fosnetupitant versus aprepitant in carboplatin-based chemotherapy: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Hiroshi Inano, Yoshihito Morimoto, Atsushi Kawamura, Taichi Ikegami, Tomoki Niizuma, Kanata Kitagawa, Rie Usami, Kozue Nakagomi, Yuri Anzo, Misaki Uchikawa, Haruki Yamamoto, Aiko Shono, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Katsuya Otori","doi":"10.1007/s10147-025-02940-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10147-025-02940-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carboplatin (CBDCA) is highly emetogenic when administered at an area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 4, requiring triple antiemetic therapy, including an NK₁ receptor antagonist (NK₁ RA). Fosnetupitant (F-NTP), a long-acting NK₁ RA, may provide sustained receptor occupancy; however, its direct comparisons with aprepitant (APR) in CBDCA-based regimens between 0 and 168 h remain lacking. We aimed to evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of F-NTP versus APR during 1 week following chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center observational study included patients with cancer receiving CBDCA (AUC ≥ 4)-based regimens. Propensity score matching was performed using clinical factors. The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR; no emesis or rescue medication) rate between 0 and 168 h. The secondary endpoints included phase-specific CR rates, time to treatment failure (TTF), and adverse events (AEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, 242 patients were included in each group. The overall CR rate at 0-168 h was significantly higher with F-NTP (83.5%) than with APR (69.4%) (p < 0.001). F-NTP significantly prolonged TTF (hazard ratio = 0.48, 95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.71, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed female sex, younger age, and high CBDCA dose as significant risk factors for non-CR, while F-NTP use was a protective factor. AEs did not differ significantly between the groups and were mostly Grade 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>F-NTP demonstrated superior antiemetic efficacy to that of APR in CBDCA-based regimens, particularly maintaining higher CR rates through the acute and delayed phases. F-NTP was also well tolerated, supporting its potential as a strong prophylactic agent for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":13869,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"301-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}