International Forestry Review最新文献

{"title":"REDD+: Analysis of Its Components through a Systematic Review of Scientific Literature from Brazil and Indonesia","authors":"F. R. Riva, M. Paes-de-Souza, E. Talamini","doi":"10.1505/146554822835224829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835224829","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Brazil and Indonesia are two of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases from deforestation and the main beneficiaries of REDD + programs in the world. The REDD+'s structure can be divided into twelve dimensions, identified from a systematic review. These dimensions are defined as Governance, Implementation, Beneficiaries, Land Use, Monitoring, Biodiversity, Financing, Forest Management, Deforestation, Conservation, Safeguard and Opportunity Cost. By identifying and describing the dimensions that make up REDD+, its application can be better planned and executed. After it was introduced in 2005, it took six years before the basic mechanism was established, but even after 10 years of implementation it still needs to be further developed and adjusted. SUMMARY REDD+ is a payments mechanism through environmental services that proposes the reduction of greenhouse gas emission caused by change in use of tropical forest lands. The present study aimed to identify the REDD+ dimensions in tropical forests in the world, approaching a broader discussion about themes by focusing on Brazil and Indonesia. A systematic review of scientific literature relating to Brazil and Indonesia was used as an analysis method. A total of 102 scientific articles with themes related to REDD+ development were selected. Through analysis of the selected articles, REDD+ dimensions with frequent mentions in the scientific literature were identified, such as governance, implementation, beneficiaries, land use, monitoring, biodiversity, financing, forest management, deforestation, conservation, safeguard, and opportunity cost. The analysis identified the existence of political barriers the implementation of REDD+ and recommends dialogue in order to maintain the balance of beneficiaries and the environment. Both beneficiary countries and payers should invest in longer-term and more efficient REDD+ practices, such as long-term programs and more defined criteria for project evaluation. La REDD+ est un mécanisme de paiements par des services environnementaux, proposant la réduction des émissions des gaz à effet serre causées par les changements de l'utilisation des terres forestières tropicales. Cette étude vise à identifier les dimensions de la REDD+ dans les forêts tropicales du monde, pour se rapprocher d'une discussion plus large de thèmes, en se concentrant sur le Brésil et l'Indonésie. Une étude systématique de la littérature scientifique ayant trait au Brésil et à l'Indonésie a été utilisée comme méthode analytique. Un total de 102 articles à thèmes liés au développement de la REDD+ ont été sélectionnés. L'envergure de la fréquence des mentions de la REDD+ dans cette littérature scientifique a été identifiée par l'analyse des articles choisis, quant à la gestion, la mise en application, les bénéficiaires, l'utilisation de la terre, la surveillance de la biodiversité, la finance, la gestion forestière, la déforestation, la protection et le coût opportun. Cette analyse a i","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"72 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46635789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Estimation of National Charcoal Production: The Case of Ghana","authors":"K. Nketiah, J. Asante, C. P. Hansen","doi":"10.1505/146554822835224847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835224847","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS A methodology to estimate the national charcoal production in Ghana was developed and tested. The method made use of the official permit system that covers road transport of charcoal (the Charcoal Conveyance Certificate). Measures were developed to capture road movement of charcoal without the permit through mounted checkpoints. Charcoal production “hotspots” (major production areas) were identified. The national annual (2018) charcoal production in Ghana was estimated at 1 100 000 tonnes which is equal to 15.7 million m3 round wood equivalent (RWE). SUMMARY Accurate data on the production and sources of woodfuels is necessary to ensure sustainability. National level data is scanty in most sub-Saharan African countries. This research aimed to provide accurate data on charcoal production in Ghana and to develop a methodology that could serve as an inspiration for future assessments, in Ghana and beyond. The study compiled data over two years from Ghana Forestry Commission's records on charcoal quantities transported on the road (Charcoal Conveyance Certificates). This data was validated by mounting sentries 24 hours daily for two weeks in 2016 and 2018, respectively, along major charcoal transport routes to capture charcoal being transported without the certificate. Charcoal production not captured through the Charcoal Conveyance Certificate and the sentries was quantified from field observation and expert panel validation. Using these three methods, the study estimated a total annual production (2018) of 1 100 000 tonnes of charcoal for Ghana. This corresponds to 15.7 million m3 of round wood equivalent. The implications of the study findings are discussed together with the pros and cons of the methods employed. Des données précises sur la production et les sources de bois de combustion sont nécessaires pour assurer la durabilité. Les données sont vagues au niveau national dans la plupart des pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Cette recherche s'efforce de réunir des données précises sur la production de charbon au Ghana, afin de développer une méthodologie pouvant inspirer les évaluations futures, au Ghana et au-delà. Cette étude a recueilli durant deux ans des données provenant des enregistrements de la Commission de foresterie du Ghana sur les quantités de charbon transportées sur les routes (Charcoal Conveyance Certificates). Ces données ont été validées par une mise en place de sentinelles 24 heures sur 24, pendant deux semaines, en 2016 et en 2018 respectivement, sur les principales artères de transport, afin d'intercepter le charbon transporté sans le certificat. La production de charbon n'était pas identifiée par le Charcoal Conveyance Certificate et les sentinelles étaient quantifiées par l'observation sur le terrain et la validation d'un groupe d'experts. En utilisant ces trois méthodes, l'étude estime une production annuelle totale de 1 100 000 tonnes de charbon au Ghana en 2018. Ceci correspond à l'équivalent de 15.7 millions ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"30 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Biosecurity Laws in South-East Asia: A Review","authors":"M. A. Healey, S. Lawson, S. Somany, W. Tasen, Q. D. Ngoc","doi":"10.1505/146554821834777215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777215","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Currently, countries in South-East Asia have no dedicated biosecurity laws or legislation that focus on the risk and harm associated with forest invasive pests. The challenge is to create a biosecurity policy and implement it across relevant departments, institutes, and plant health groups in the different countries. Transfer of knowledge from countries with well-established biosecurity frameworks will support development of forest biosecurity laws and legislation. Developing technical biosecurity capacity (monitoring, surveillance, and PRA) is critical to support forest biosecurity policies. A regional approach to forest biosecurity law and legislation could be implemented through the formation of a forest biosecurity working group reporting on biosecurity focal points as a sub-committee of the ASEAN Forest Products Industry Club (AFPIC). SUMMARY To ensure the protection of natural and planted forests in South-East Asia, it is vital that the risks posed by invasive and local pests are minimised and that effective mitigation and response plans are in place. To do so, forest biosecurity laws need to be developed to coordinate policy, direct on-ground activities to prepare the region to respond to an incursion and empower relevant agencies to act. In this review, we outline the current laws and legislations relevant to the forestry sector in six ASEAN countries and make suggestions on forest biosecurity laws that could be developed. We put forward general recommendations on how these laws may be developed, with a focus on a regional approach to forest biosecurity. This could be implemented through the formation of a forest biosecurity working group as a sub-committee to the ASEAN Forest Products Industry Club, to promote global safety in invasive pests of native and planted forests of member countries.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"418 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48700185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory Forest Management in a New Age: Integration of Climate Change Policy and Rural Development Policy","authors":"C. Colfer","doi":"10.1505/146554821834777233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"562 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47673191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Bioeconomy in the Czech National Forest Strategy: A Comparison with Sweden","authors":"R. Purwestri, M. Hájek, M. Hochmalová, P. Palátová, D.C. Huertas-Bernal, S. P. García-Jácome, V. Jarský, J. Kašpar, M. Riedl, R. Marušák","doi":"10.1505/146554821834777260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777260","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The Czech Forest Policy denotes the 2012 European Bioeconomy Strategy as one of the reference documents, while the Swedish National Forest Programme (NFP) positions the Bioeconomy Strategy as its core value. The principles of the 2012 European Bioeconomy have not been officially transposed by the Czech government, and therefore their application in the forestry sector is limited. Differences in the initial situation between the Czech Republic and Sweden now may result in various foci on the strategic measures in the 2020 Czech Forest Policy compared to Sweden. The adoption of the 2012 European Bioeconomy to uplift the bio-based manufacturers in the Czech Republic is carefully being examined through the lens of Sweden's experiences The main challenges for the Czech forest-based sector are to fulfil the need for sustainable forest biomass and high added-value products. SUMMARY The 2012 European Bioeconomy Strategy has been adopted in some European countries' national policies. However, it has not been officially included in the Czech Republic's national policy. In Sweden, the Bioeconomy Strategy has been adopted in the national policy and the National Forest Programme (NFP). The paper reviews the current forest policy in the Czech Republic in meeting the purposes of the forest-based bioeconomy by performing a comparative study between the Czech Republic and Sweden. As bioeconomy principles are core values in the Swedish NFP it aims not only to deliver sustainable forest products and ecosystem services to support forest enterprises but also to achieve a fossil-fuel-free Sweden. Although the Czech Forest Policy denotes the European Bioeconomy Strategy as one of the reference documents, it does not directly relate to shifting from fossil fuels to bioenergy. The implementation of the Czech document is limited to the forest-based sector. Bioeconomy principles are expected to be included in inter-ministerial committees at the government level in the Czech Republic. The challenges faced by the country include fulfilling the provision of sustainable forest biomass and high added-value products while harmonising forest policies and regulations.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"492 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48676314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REDD+ Benefit Sharing in Ethiopia: Policy and Stakeholder Perceptions Analysis","authors":"T. Phạm, M. Moeliono, B. Dwisatrio, J. Yuwono, S. Atmadja","doi":"10.1505/146554821834777170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777170","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Most Ethiopian REDD+ stakeholders at the federal level interviewed agreed that benefits should be shared according to efforts made in reducing deforestation and forest degradation. In contrast, federal government policies and laws on benefit sharing are generally pro-poor, with emphasis on legal rights to receive benefits. Although most stakeholders support the government's vision for a benefit-sharing mechanism, the majority of interviewees also highlighted major challenges in implementing a REDD+ benefit-sharing mechanism, including a lack of awareness and knowledge of REDD+; a lack of technical expertise in monitoring carbon emissions and sequestration; a lack of clear tenure and user rights; weak coordination amongst stakeholders; contradictions between laws and regulations; and high transaction costs. Multiple ideas of fairness can pose practical challenges for the implementation of REDD+ benefit sharing in Ethiopia. This should be addressed, e.g., through establishment of an open and inclusive dialogue and establishing a learning mechanism to initiate and improve regulations, processes and mechanisms over time. Although country stakeholders often tend to rush on the selection of or discussion on who should be paid, it is the legitimacy of the decision-making that counts. The decision needs to be based on participatory decision-making process which take into account different actors' voices, concerns and interests. SUMMARY Current Ethiopian policies and laws recognize the importance of equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms for natural resource management. The question of ‘what is fair’ is often unclear in practice. We pursue this question in the context of benefit sharing for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) in Ethiopia. We present findings from interviews conducted in 2017 with 33 national REDD+ actors, and a review of national policies and laws until 2020 to understand Ethiopia’s policy and legal framework, and vision for a REDD+ benefit-sharing mechanism. Our findings show that Ethiopia is progressing in developing a benefit-sharing mechanism (BSM) for REDD+. Government policies on benefit sharing are pro-poor with an emphasis on legal rights. Among the various concepts of fairness, more stakeholders agreed that benefits should be shared according to efforts made to reduce deforestation and forest degradation rather than being based on poverty or legal rights. Left unattended, we believe this divergence of opinion on ‘what is fair’ opens the potential for questions regarding the legitimacy of the REDD+ BSM among stakeholders in general and can pose practical implementation challenges. We suggest that establishing open dialogue, learning mechanisms and inclusive processes can lead to regulations, policies and procedures that clarify and harmonize the different views on fairness over time.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"163 2","pages":"476 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41287096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLEGT Voluntary Partnership Agreement Implementation in Ghana: Insights from a SWOT Analysis","authors":"M. A. Adams, Y. Tegegne, S. Ramcilovik-Suominen, E. Acheampong, A. Attah","doi":"10.1505/146554821834777206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777206","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS This paper analyses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the Ghana VPA process. The identified weaknesses undermine the strengths. The multi-stakeholder platform is seen as a top-down process. The VPA has influenced legal reforms and brought some legal clarity, yet implementing the reforms remains a challenge. Implementing agencies need to address the unequal power relations between domestic actors if forest governance issues are to be addressed. SUMMARY The European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPA) is an important international forest governance initiative, yet various implementation challenges remain. The FLEGT VPA implementation challenges are well-documented in the scientific literature, where various methodologies and research approaches have been used. As the empirical case indicated various contradicting and overlapping claims, where different respondents framed the same situations as strengths as well as weaknesses, and/or as threats as well as opportunities, we used the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) approach to assess the associated governance changes in FLEGT VPA implementation in Ghana. This paper offers new insights derived from participant observation of the second independent technical evaluation of the Ghana Timber Legality Assurance System (GhTLAS) conducted in July 2019, and from semi-structured interviews with key informants and a document review. What are considered the greatest perceived strengths – namely multi-stakeholder engagement, clarification of regulatory frameworks, and access to information – are brought into question once the identified weaknesses and threats are explored in more detail. The identified weaknesses include the top-down nature of the multi-stakeholder process, fatigue related to additional legality principles, and bureaucracy of the GhTLAS, which negatively affect VPA implementation activities and processes in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"405 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48354924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) – a Peripheral Empire Commodity in French West Africa, 1894–1960","authors":"D. A. Wardell, M. Elias, M. Zida, A. Tapsoba, K. Rousseau, D. Gautier, P. Lovett, T. Bama","doi":"10.1505/146554821834777198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777198","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Historical evidence indicates a widespread and centuries old exchange of shea kernels and shea butter by women in periodic local markets, and on a regional scale, with the densely populated West African littoral. Initial French interest in shea was as a potential substitute for gutta-percha (latex) to insulate submarine cables in the wake of the profligate, inefficient and unsustainable methods of extraction from Palaquium gutta and other tropical rainforest trees in Southeast Asia. Early and violent resistance to colonial rule during the Volta-Bani War was replaced by persistent migration into the (British) Protectorate of the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast Colony, as a form of protest by local Burkinabé communities to avoid the cumulative burdens of capitation tax, forced labour, military conscription, corporal punishment, and restrictive forest policies. Multiple initiatives to extract shea butter (mechanically and chemically), to protect shea parklands or to plant shea trees, as well as early industrialization efforts, including a French ‘colonial petroleum’ project, were not successful. Ultimately, the production and supply of shea kernels and shea butter remained central to servicing the needs of Burkinabe and West African consumers throughout the colonial period. SUMMARY Burkinabé women have traded shea kernels and shea butter in periodic local markets, and on a regional scale with the densely-populated West African littoral, for centuries. This paper traces the origins of French colonial efforts to develop shea as a commodity of empire from the 1890s to independence in 1960. Colonial efforts to incorporate Upper Volta, a French colonial backwater, into the world economy was drawn out, heterogenous, and messy. The colonial state assumed erroneously that little shea trade existed, and that producers would respond positively to market incentives. Yet, we suggest that French colonial policies failed due to a composite of factors including the limited investment in either the colony or shea as an oilseed crop, adaptation by women shea producers to the extraction of male labour and the trade opportunities created by new international borders, and the ‘blindness’ of colonial officials to the economic, social and cultural functions of periodic local markets used by women shea traders. The historical trajectory of the shea trade continues to have implications for current-day shea markets and their actors.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"511 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42866152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Security and Agroforestry from the Perspective of the SDGs: A Case Study of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea","authors":"S. Ji, Y. Lee","doi":"10.1505/146554821834777242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777242","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Agroforestry has emerged as a potential solution to chronic food shortages and forest devastation in North Korea. Agroforestry is positively associated with the security of food, nutrition, environment, and energy. SDGs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, and 15 can be achieved directly through agroforestry. International aid projects dominate agroforestry project in North Korea. The promotion of agroforestry programmes for food security (SDG2) and land restoration (SDG15) are linked to the achievement of other SDGs. SUMMARY This study analyses the contribution of agroforestry to the achievement of SDGs based on the performance of agroforestry and North Korea's Voluntary National Review (VNR). Since the early 2000s, North Korea has promoted agroforestry and worked with the Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation (SDC), the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), and the FAO to expand agroforestry projects. Agroforestry has contributed to the achievement of food security and land restoration in SDG2 and SDG15. The achievement of SDGs from individual agroforestry pilot projects since the early 2000s allows the assessment of agroforestry's contribution to SDGs. North Korea is likely to restore degraded forests by sustainable forest management (SDG15), which emphasises the need for new land cultivation in the VNR to strengthen food security (SDG2). Because agroforestry practices can simultaneously enhance food, nutrition, environmental, and energy security, agroforestry can further contribute to the achievement of other SDGs by discovering models that reflect local characteristics and inducing residents to participate through a strict evaluation of their effectiveness and the use of ‘sloping land’ management accompanied by the development of cultivation technologies suitable for mixed management with various trees and crops.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"437 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47710436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proceedings of the 20th Commonwealth Forestry Conference (Abstracts)","authors":"","doi":"10.1505/146554821834741232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554821834741232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}