{"title":"Study on the failure mechanism of surrounding rock in upper and lower parallel tunnels regulated by horizontal spacing and joint dip angle","authors":"Fei Wang, Yufeng Cheng, Peng Zhang, Chuanqi Zhu, Shicheng Wei, Cancan Chen","doi":"10.1177/10567895261456905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261456905","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal spacing between twin parallel tunnels and surrounding rock joint dip angle are critical to tunnel stability. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on rock-like specimens with parallel holes (spacing: 0, 20, 40, and 60 mm) and prefabricated joints (dip angle: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°), with acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) employed to monitor crack propagation and full-field strain evolution. Results show horizontal spacing affects specimen strength by regulating inter-hole stress superposition, with peak stress showing a nonmonotonic trend of first rising then falling and 20 to 40 mm spacing optimizing stress distribution to enhance load-bearing stability; joint dip angle dominates failure modes via crack propagation paths, as a 45° dip induces the strongest compression-shear coupling to maximize bearing capacity and increase mixed-mode cracks while shear cracks prevail at other angles. A boundary line with a slope of 100 enables quantitative distinction between different crack types, thus confirming the dynamic influence of these two parameters (horizontal spacing and joint dip angle) on crack modes. Additionally, numerical simulations conducted via COMSOL Multiphysics confirmed the existence of a “low-stress bridge” effect between the two parallel holes and elucidated the compression-shear coupling mechanism along the joint surface.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damage mitigation and maintenance enhancement of rock ballast: A novel tamping method","authors":"Yuze Wang, Shunwei Shi, Jiangwei Xue, Yue Liu, Liang Gao","doi":"10.1177/10567895261460588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261460588","url":null,"abstract":"Tamping is the foremost technique used in rock ballast maintenance. With the goal of minimizing tamping-induced degradation of rock ballast and enhancing maintenance effects, a novel tamping method with a smart tamping tine was developed. First, the new tamping machine was designed, allowing automatic toggling between retracted and extended states of the tine structure during tamping. Subsequently, a model of ballasted track subjected to tamping was established and validated against field-measured ballast acceleration data. Using this model, the dynamic responses and mechanical states of rock ballast were analyzed, and the optimal size of the tamping tine was determined. The results showed that the new tamping method could significantly mitigate damage to rock ballast and improve maintenance effects. The maximum improvement in the uniformity index of the rock ballast using the new tamping method reached 182.96% compared with that using the old tamping machine. The optimal width and height of the tine structure for the new tamping method were 60–70 and 75–80 mm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"332 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Yi, Xiang Xu, Yanan Hu, Xuejun Deng, Yuxuan Liu, Junlou Li, Qianhua Kan, Guozheng Kang
{"title":"Anisotropic fatigue life prediction of laser powder bed fusion Ti6Al4V alloy based on continuous damage model","authors":"Yang Yi, Xiang Xu, Yanan Hu, Xuejun Deng, Yuxuan Liu, Junlou Li, Qianhua Kan, Guozheng Kang","doi":"10.1177/10567895261459757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261459757","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an anisotropic fatigue life prediction model for Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion along different build orientations, explicitly considering ratchetting–fatigue interaction within the framework of ductility exhaustion theory and continuum damage mechanics. The total damage is decomposed into fatigue damage and ratchetting-induced ductility damage. Within the framework of Lemaitre's continuum damage mechanics, combined with the cyclic stress–strain relationship and the evolution of ratchetting strain, the damage evolution equations and fatigue life prediction model are derived for specimens with different orientations by constructing an orientation tensor and a strength tensor, respectively. Finally, a relationship among the loading conditions, build orientation, and fatigue life is established. Comparison with experimental results demonstrates that the proposed model exhibits good prediction accuracy, providing a reliable theoretical support for the fatigue life assessment of additively manufactured titanium alloy components.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of the scale effect on the parameters of damage plasticity model for mechanical behaviour of rock mass","authors":"Radovanović Slobodan, Divac Dejan, Rakić Dragan, Šumarac Dragoslav","doi":"10.1177/10567895261458571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261458571","url":null,"abstract":"Rock masses are inhomogeneous, fractured, anisotropic, and initially stressed in their natural state. They consist of intact rock or rock monolith and macro-damages, which include fractures, bedding planes, faults and other forms of discontinuity. It has been experimentally confirmed that with the increase of the rock mass scale, the mechanical properties of the rock mass decrease as a consequence of discontinuities. The subject of this paper is the analysis and determination of the scale effect on the damage plasticity model parameters, which describe the mechanical behaviour of the rock mass for different loads and scales. The scale effect is analysed on a constitutive model that can simulate the most complex mechanical behaviours in rock masses (elasto-plastic with damage in stiffness and strength). The analysis is based on the results of experimental tests of rock mass, which were carried out for different scales (scale of the rock mass sample in laboratory and scale of the in situ test – shear test), while the tests were performed at the same microlocation. For the considered experimental tests, appropriate finite element models (FEMs) were formed with boundary conditions that correspond to the ones from the experiments. By simulating the performed experiments with a series of FEM analyses with complex optimization algorithms, the parameters of damage plasticity model were determined for both values of the rock mass scale, proving the scale effect numerically. Based on the obtained results, analysis and discussion of the scale effect for a given rock mass were performed.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enguo Guo, Yuming Lin, Zimo Zhu, Hongwei Ma, Jun Li, Zhenhua Nie
{"title":"Baseline-free damage identification of a bridge based on the modal ingredients of the response principal components with limited sensors","authors":"Enguo Guo, Yuming Lin, Zimo Zhu, Hongwei Ma, Jun Li, Zhenhua Nie","doi":"10.1177/10567895261458570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261458570","url":null,"abstract":"Bridges are exposed to structural damage under moving vehicle loads, posing potential threats to structural safety. To address the limitations of conventional mode-shape-based damage identification methods, which rely on baseline data and a large number of sensors, this article presents a novel approach based on response principal components under moving loads. Considering vehicle–bridge interaction, this study elucidates the composition of the response's principal components of damaged beams. Initially, the dynamic response of the beam is decomposed using the proper orthogonal decomposition, and the analytical expressions for the principal components of responses are derived. Then, damage identification is conducted, indicating that the principal components of the response for a damaged beam can be decomposed into modal components, dynamic components, and damage components. Moving average filtering is employed in the separation process, thereby extracting the damage component. Numerical simulations and experimental validations are subsequently conducted to assess algorithm performance. This study highlights the role of the damage component within principal components, providing new insights into their physical interpretation in structural damage identification.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A stochastic damage model for concrete considering strain rate effect","authors":"Chenggong Guo, Ye Feng, Jie Li","doi":"10.1177/10567895261458561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261458561","url":null,"abstract":"To represent the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of concrete, a stochastic damage model is proposed that integrates Langevin dynamics within the Micro-Meso Stochastic Fracture framework. In this model, the fracturing process of each micro-spring is described as a barrier-crossing event where the effective barrier height depends on the external loading rate. Evolution of the reaction coordinate follows the Langevin dynamics. Solving the corresponding Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation yields the failure probability of each micro-spring under dynamic loading, from which the dynamic fracture strain is derived. Numerical results demonstrate that the model naturally captures the characteristic two-stage strength enhancement of concrete: a gradual increase of dynamic increase factor at low strain rates, followed by a rapid rise beyond a critical threshold. By linking the static fracture strain of each micro-spring to its unique initial energy barrier, the model assigns distinct rate sensitivities to different material constituents. This approach enables the model to reflect different rate sensitivities in tension and compression without separate empirical adjustments. Finally, simulations of reinforced concrete beams under various loading velocities, including high-rate impact, validate the model's capability to predict structural dynamic responses in practical engineering scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-proportional loading-induced damage: A review of experimental methodology, damage evolution and modelling","authors":"Huan Wu, Wen Zhang, Xincun Zhuang, Zhen Zhao","doi":"10.1177/10567895261456013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261456013","url":null,"abstract":"The loading paths experienced by components during multi-pass forming processes often exhibit significant non-proportionality. However, traditional damage models are predominantly developed and validated under proportional loading conditions, which introduces limitations in their application, as they fail to characterise damage evolution accurately under non-proportional paths. Consequently, developing damage models capable of effectively accounting for non-proportional loading history is paramount. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in damage research under non-proportional loading paths. It encompasses the design of experimental methodologies for non-proportional loading, quantitative characterisation methods for damage, microscopic damage mechanisms and methods for damage modelling. Finally, building upon a summary of existing achievements, future research directions in this field are outlined.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on dynamic response of composite ballistic plates under high-speed impact and evolution mechanism of ceramic cracks based on peridynamics","authors":"Huicheng Wang, Yaoke Wen, Zhouyu Shen, Haoran Xu, Yongjuan Wang, Jiayao Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10567895261456839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261456839","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of increasing global military conflicts, enhancing the performance of individual soldier protective equipment is of paramount importance. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic response and failure mechanisms of ceramic composite ballistic plates under high-velocity bullet impacts. By combining ballistic experiments with numerical simulations, this article systematically investigates the dynamic response and damage mechanisms of SiC/UHMWPE composite ballistic plates subjected to high-velocity impacts from 7.62 × 54R mm armor-piercing incendiary rounds. A mirror-assisted 3D-DIC system was used to record full-field rear-surface deformation histories, from which the distinct stages of bulge evolution were quantitatively characterized. Independent validation was provided by high-speed oblique photography. For numerical simulation, the Johnson–Holmquist-2 constitutive model and the Peridynamics constitutive model were respectively applied to model the ceramic layer, enabling a systematic comparison of their performance in simulating ceramic damage behavior under high-speed impact. The study revealed the dynamic processes of stress wave propagation, crack initiation, and propagation within the ceramic following bullet impact. It clarified the formation mechanism of ceramic cones and radial cracks under the coupled action of compression waves and reflected tensile waves. This work provides crucial theoretical and experimental foundations for deepening the understanding of failure mechanisms in ceramic composite armor under impact loads and optimizing armor structural design.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of IoT-assisted cooperative localization algorithms for UAV swarms in smart city traffic surveillance","authors":"TianChi Zhao, Fanjin Meng","doi":"10.1177/10567895261456029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261456029","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization in smart cities has intensified traffic congestion and safety issues, requiring real-time, scalable surveillance. This study proposes an IoT-assisted cooperative localization framework for UAV swarm traffic monitoring. It integrates IoT sensors, UAV-to-UAV, and UAV-to-infrastructure communication to enhance localization and task allocation. A DNN-assisted Butterfly Optimization Algorithm optimizes UAV trajectory planning and constraint handling efficiently. The DNN-assisted Butterfly Optimization Algorithm enhances trajectory planning by efficiently approximating nonlinear constraints and guiding the optimization process toward optimal solutions. Compared to conventional optimization methods, this approach improves convergence speed and solution quality, outperforming conventional optimization strategies in swarm coordination. The use of the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) will optimize the trajectory of the UAVs by taking into account multiobjective performance constraints (i.e., energy consumption). Additionally, a deep learning-based method for approximating the complexity of trajectory constraints is employed to provide an enhanced optimization performance. Simulation results from a test case of 25 intersections and 50 road segments show that the proposed framework can achieve up to 27% reduction in localization error, 32% improvement in coverage efficiency, and 18% reduction in the energy consumed by the UAV compared to the conventional GPS-based methods for UAV deployment. The proposed IoT-assisted UAV system is scalable, efficient, and capable of providing robust real-time traffic surveillance in Smart City environments. The proposed framework follows a structured workflow involving data acquisition from IoT sensors, real-time data processing, and cooperative localization through multisource information fusion. This enables accurate positioning and efficient monitoring, ensuring efficient real-time traffic monitoring and localization.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colin J. Young, Sreekar Rayaprolu, Ganesh Subbarayan
{"title":"Damage evolution model under tension–compression axial loading using a nonlinear constitutive theory: A high-cycle fatigue study on cast AS7GU-T64 alloy","authors":"Colin J. Young, Sreekar Rayaprolu, Ganesh Subbarayan","doi":"10.1177/10567895261454730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261454730","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we performed extensive high-cycle fatigue testing of AS7GU-T64 cast aluminum alloy, which is primarily used as cylinder heads in automobiles, under load-controlled, axial tension–compression to understand its damage evolution. We begin with a small-strain finite deformation theory to derive a nonlinear constitutive relation. This relationship is shown to be a fourth-degree expression and not a general power series. The constitutive relations are then used to develop a damage metric, which captures the asymmetry in tension–compression responses. The metric measures the damage as a ratio of nonlinear to linear terms in a stress–strain behavior, signifying the deviation from linearity to nonlinearity. The cyclic loading–unloading response is measured through a least squares fit to the data. The measured fatigue data is demonstrated to very effectively capture the evolving damage prior to catastrophic fracture. Finally, we present the postfailure analysis of the fractured samples.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}