International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Studies on the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Cassis alata using FT-IR, HPLC and GC-MS analysis","authors":"J. Sujatha, S. Asokan","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present investigation is to screening of phytochemical constituents for its free radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of Cassia alata leaves. The preliminary screening was carried out by standard chemical method. It evidenced that the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, carbohydrate, phenols, tannins, falvanoids, steroids, protein and sugar in the ethanol extract. Various functional groups like alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acid and nitro groups were associated with the extract were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A few common compounds available in the extract were identified by Gas chromatography – Mass spectrum (GC-MS) analysis. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity and 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated and compared with the standard synthetic drug BHT. The IC50 value of leaf extract was found to be 24.56 μg/ml respectively. This study revealed that C. alata ethanol extract of leaves has alternative drugs for free radical it could be acted as a novel source of free radical scavengers.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77718818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity Profiling of Siddha Formulation Sarakondrai Chooranam by Acute and Repeated Oral dose Toxicity Studies in Wistar Rats","authors":"M. Priya","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"Toxicity Studies become an integral part of drug discovery and development process which involves different models, ranging from test tube experiments to cell cultures, animals, healthy human subjects. Although herbal medicine as the most common form of alternative medicine are widely used for treatment of various diseases all over the world now as per the regulatory guidelines it become mandatory to evaluate the short term and long term toxicities studies in rodents to establish the safety before utilizing the same for the clinical aspect. In Siddha system of traditional medicine it was clearly mentioned in detail about the toxic effects of various herbs and mineral components and also detailed in depth about the procedures for purification and detoxification of the same. But still now there is very limited documentary literatures available on the toxicity profiling of most of the Siddha preparation, hence the main aim of the present investigation is to carry out the systematic acute and repeated oral dose toxicity studies of the Siddha formulation Sarakondrai Chooranam (SKC) on rodents and to establish the safety of the drug. In short term acute toxicity study the drug SKC was administered in single dose of 2000 / kg b.w (p.o).Potential drug toxicity related to C.N.S, A.N.S and C.V.S were observed up to 14 days. In sub-acute repeated oral dose toxicity study the formulation SKC was administered at two dose level such as low and high dose of 200 and 400 mg / kg b.w (p.o) for four weeks. Results obtained from the acute and sub-acute study reveals that the Siddha formulation SKC doesn’t reveal any significant change in body weight, behavior and mortality in treated rats and no sign of toxicity was registered throughout the study. Further it was observed that SKC at both the dose level did not modify the weight index, food and water intake in treated animals. There is no significant change in haematological, bio-chemical and histopathological observation of animals treated with SKC at both the dose level of 200 and 400 mg / kg b.w (p.o) when compare to control group animals. From the evidence based results of the present investigation it was concluded that the Siddha preparation SKC has wide safety margin in tested rodents and further long term usage of this formulation will be considerably safe for the ailment of various disease in humans.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"40-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79318882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE SPLEEN OF YOUNG AND AGED BALB/C AND CD-1 MICE","authors":"A. S. Al-Zahaby, M. Salem, K. Abdul-Aziz, H. M. Serageldeen","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"Immunosenescence is generally related to weaker immune responses since, elderly individuals do not respond to immune challenge as strongly as the youngs. Spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ present almost in all vertebrates. In addition of its skill as a main part of immune system, it serves also as a graveyard for old damaged red blood cells, storage of blood as well as production of antibodies and keeping bodily fluids in balance. So, the present study aims to elucidate its complex histological organization in two mice strains outbred (CD-1) and inbred (Balb/C) throughout their different age groups. Spleen in both mice strains is consisted of two histologically distinct components, red pulp and white pulp vastly different in their architecture vascular organization and cellular composition. Spleen weight consequently splenic index significantly amplified, and diagnosed as splenomegaly, with progression of mice age from 2 to 12 months especially in individuals given Poly I:C acid (400μg/100g b.w.). The elderly as well as treated mice showed irregular splenic architecture with more fibrous trabecula, and extra-large sinusoid spaces throughout the splenic parenchyma to the degree that, limits between white and red pulp disappeared. Furthermore, much decrease of lymphocytes population due to cell progressive nuclear pyknosis and subsequently necrosis and cell degeneration at the olders of 12 month age of both strains, especially those received Poly I:C acid.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"258 1","pages":"226-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73489548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepato therapeutic Efficacy of Native Curcumim and Nano –curcumin : A Novel Therapy Against Hyperthyroidism Induced Liver Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage in Rats","authors":"Widad M. Al-Bishri","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"Recent works have indicated the beneficial efficacy of using nanocurcumin in addressing poor bioavailability commonly associated with native curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to alleviate hyperthyroidism induced liver dysfunction. Here we carried out a comparative study using both native curcumin and nanocurcumin to verify the superior effects of encapsulation of curcumin in nanomaterials in blunting liver dysfunction in L-thyroxine induced hyperthyroid rats. Native curcumin (NC) and poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) encapsulated curcumin (PNC) significantly increased liver catalase activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and significantly declined malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hyperthyroid rats. However, rats treated with PNC had significantly better ameliorative effects on these parameters than rats treated with NC. Similarly, PNC showed significantly improved effects in lowering inflammatory mediators including TNF-a, IL-6, VEGF, CRP and caspase protein levels compared to NC in hyperthyroid rats. Serum T3, T4, and TSH levels and liver functional markers including albumin, ALT, ASP and AST were better controlled in PNC treated rats than in NC treated hyperthyroid rats. DNA fragmentation as estimated by comet assay was significantly lower in PNC treated rats than in NC treated rats. Likewise, significantly fewer histopathological and ultrastructural changes were observed in liver tissue in PNC treated hyperthyroid rats. Conclusion: Our work illustrates the capability of PNC to resolve hyperthyroidism induced liver dysfunction and substantiate the findings that beneficial effects of curcumin may be maximized by improving its stability and bioavailability by its encapsulation in nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82180055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, screening and optimization of amylase production by a marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis SJ33","authors":"B. Sundarapandiyan, S. Jayalakshmi","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymes are among the most important products obtained for human needs mainly through microbial sources. The aim of the present study was isolation, screening and optimization of the enzyme production by using the marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis SJ33. In the present study, the growth parameters showed the profound influence on the amylase production on the candidate species such as the maximum production of the enzyme obtained at 48 hrs of incubation and the optimum was pH 7. The temperature also influenced on the maximum production of the amylase, the optimum was 35C for higher production of the enzyme. The optimum salinity of 2.0% showed to maximum production of the amylase. In the present study, the starch and peptone was found to the best carbon and nitrogen sources to maximum production of the amylase. With optimized parameters in the mass scale medium maximum growth of 2.89 OD and enzyme activity of 64U/ml/min was obtained at 48 hrs. of incubation.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85628771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Abomasal Nematodes in Sheep Slaughtered at Jimma Town Municipality Abattoir, South West Ethiopia","authors":"Zewudu Gari, Moa Melaku, T. Bekele","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76687379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant potential of the Siddha Formulation Sambirani Poo Kuligai by in-vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay","authors":"M. Vijibala, R. Rani, V. Velpandian, M. P. Kumar","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress has becomes a primary factor in the progression of many degenerative diseases, such as cancer, hyperlipidemia, gastric ulcer, and diabetes. Antioxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect body from damage caused by free radical–induced oxidative stress. Radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed constantly in the human body and are removed by the enzymatic and non–enzyme antioxidant defense systems. The usage of Siddha medicine has considerably increased over the past two decades and it is steadily crossing the various geographical boundaries owing to its rich antioxidant, therapeutic potential and inexpensiveness compared to conventional modern medicines and has fairly high acceptance rates because of its herbal origin and therefore its nontoxic nature.The main aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the In-vitro antioxidant potential of the novel siddha preparation Sambirani Poo Kuligai (SPK) by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity of test drug sample SPK was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl 1-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay at the concentration of 1.25 μg/ml, 2.5 μg/ml,5 μg/ml,10 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml using ascorbic acid as standard. . Results of the DPPHfree radicalscavengingassay of SPKshows the highest percentage inhibition of about 82.52%at 20μg/ml when compare to standard ascorbicacid with 89.62%. In conclusion the trial drug SPK possess significant antioxidant property which contributes to the beneficial effect oxidative stress associated disorders.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"257-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76913891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish fauna of Doon Valley, District Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India","authors":"D. Rana, Subodh Gupta, R. Rana","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"The fish fauna of Doon valley, part of District Dehradun was studied for a period of 2 years from March, 2010 – February, 2012. 56 species belonging to 5 Orders, 13 Families and 30 Genera were collected from various sampling stretches set on 5 rivers viz., Baldi, Song, Suswa in the East and Tons and Asan in the West. Of them, 6 are the new records viz., Puntius terio (Hamilton), Lepidocephalichthys annandalei Chaudhuri, Colisa lalia (Hamilton), Colisa labiosus (Day), Channa marulius (Hamilton) and Channa harcourtbutleri (Annandale). Family Cyprinidae was the most dominating family contributing 53% (30 species) to the fish fauna of Doon Valley, followed by Balitoridae and Channidae, both contributing 7% each to the percentage, represented by 4 species each. Cyprinus carpio (river Song, S7) and Clarius gariepinnus (river Tons, S15) are accidental catches of exotic species. As per the fishbase.org status (2007), 52 species (92.85%) are adjudged native, 2 species (3.57%) endemic and 2 species (3.57%) introduced. On the other hand, the IUCN (2015 4) status outlines that 41 species are Least Concern, 3 Vulnerable, 1 Endangered, 3 Near Threatened, and 8 Not Assessed.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"67 1 1","pages":"120-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83296633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriocin as an advanced technology in food industry","authors":"D. Delesa","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.018","url":null,"abstract":"Concentration in novel biological preservation has increased during recent years, supported by research indicating that antagonistic microorganisms or their antimicrobial metabolites may have some potential as natural preservativesto control the growth of pathogenic bacteria in foods, andalso to control mycotoxinogenic fungi. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are attracting considerable interest as food preservatives and safe alternatives to conventional antimicrobials in food industry as novel technology .The current global response to these useful bacteriocins needs to be improved by genetic or metabolic engineering. Due to the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance and adverse effects provoked by a number of antibiotics, bacteriocins have been applied in several fields: human health, food industry, animal health, and medicine, in particular as a substitution for the traditional growth promoters, antibiotics. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) bacterocins are likely used because of their “safe” (GRAS) status, especially in food industry as bio-preservatives. Among these LAB bacteriocins, commercially marketed, nisin groups produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and pediocins produced by Pediococcus sp., are the most characterized by their antibacterial property. Several LAB bacteriocins offer potential applications in food preservation, and the use of bacteriocins in the food industry can help to reduce the additionof chemical preservatives as well as the intensity of heat treatments, resulting in foods which are more naturallypreserved and richer in organoleptic and nutritional properties. This can be an alternative to satisfy the increasing consumers demands for safe, fresh-tasting, ready-to-eat, minimally-processed foods and also to develop “novel” food products (e.g. less acidic, or with a lower salt content). Therefore, this review paper is intention to discuss the novel and attractive application of bacteriocin producing by Lactic acid bacteria as innovative technology in food","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"135 1","pages":"178-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89041642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical antibiotic therapy guidance in surgical ICU in Aljamhori teaching hospital","authors":"Radhwan H. Alkhashab, S. Al-Sultan, S. Al-Sanjary","doi":"10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22192/IJARBS.2017.04.12.029","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The choice of empirical antibiotic therapy in surgical ICU should be based on antibiotic guidelines to decrease the possible risk of severe infection which may rise the morbidity among the critical patients in the same ICU. Objective: The aim of this study is to create guidelines of antibiotic therapy to decrease the risk of complicated infection in patients in surgical ICU in Aljumhori teaching hospital. Patients and methods: The study was performed between December 2011 and February 2012 in the twelve -beds surgical ICU (SICU) in Al jumhori teaching hospital. Results: The research was done in the intensive care unit in Aljumhori teaching hospital and we found that the result is can be applicable in future to decrease the morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: The main drugs which can be used empirically are chloramphenicol, Azteronam , Amikacin, , Norfloxacin, Erythromycin , Rifampicin, Tetracycline and Trimethoprim.","PeriodicalId":13830,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"268-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76999865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}