International archives of allergy and applied immunology最新文献

{"title":"Successful induction of allergic contact dermatitis to mercury and chromium in mice.","authors":"K J Vreeburg,&nbsp;K de Groot,&nbsp;I M van Hoogstraten,&nbsp;B M von Blomberg,&nbsp;R J Scheper","doi":"10.1159/000235491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Availability of reproducible mouse models for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to the metal allergens nickel, mercury and chromium, would be of great value for pathogenetic and preventive studies. We explored epicutaneous sensitization to nickel, mercury and chromium in mice in which oral grooming of the sensitization site was prevented by a plaster cast around the abdomen and lower thorax. This procedure was based on earlier findings that oral ingestion of allergen could prevent contact sensitization. The present results show that BALB/c mice can be readily sensitized to mercury and chromium using this epicutaneous casting method, without the further use of adjuvants. With nickel, however, neither this method, nor conventional methods involving the use of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) were effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":"179-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12932150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible role of macrophages in allergic rhinitis.","authors":"C Bachert,&nbsp;H Behrendt,&nbsp;K Nosbüsch,&nbsp;U Hauser,&nbsp;U Ganzer","doi":"10.1159/000235371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mononuclear phagocytes have been investigated in biopsies taken from the nasal mucosa and in epithelial cell samples from 22 grass-pollen-allergic subjects before season, after allergen challenge and during season by means of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The cells were positive for CD68/EBM11 and HLA-DR, but failed to react with CD1 and CD23/BB10. The cells increased in number during season as well as after allergen challenge, especially in the upper part of the mucosa. Heteromorphy of macrophages, as seen by transmission electron microscopy, confirmed the presence of diverse macrophage subpopulations in the nasal mucosa of allergic subjects. Using brush sampling techniques, CD68-positive and HLA-DR-positive cells significantly increased in epithelial cell samples 4-8 h after allergen challenge, indicating a central role of these cells not only in antigen processing but also in late phase reactions of allergic rhinitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"94 1-4","pages":"244-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13095794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-4 induced IgE and IgG4 secretion by B cells from atopic dermatitis patients.","authors":"H L Spiegelberg,&nbsp;R D O'Connor,&nbsp;R J Falkoff,&nbsp;L Beck","doi":"10.1159/000235357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 normals and 8 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) were cultured with recombinant interleukin-4 (IL-4) and the IgE and IgG subclass levels in the culture supernatants measured by radioimmunoassays. IL-4 induced IgE and IgG4 secretion by B cells from both normals and AD patients whereas it has no consistent effect on IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 secretion. The IL-4 dose response was similar for IgE and IgG4 secretion by cells from both normals and AD patients. On the average, the patients' cells secreted more IgE and less IgG4 than the cells from normals, but because of a large variation, the differences were not significant. However, the ratio of IgG4:IgE secretion was significantly greater for normals than AD patients (mean +/- SEM 7.1 +/- 1.6:1 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.4:1; p less than 0.01). The data demonstrate that IL-4 induces IgE and IgG4 secretion by B cells from both normals and AD patients and suggest that the IL-4 induced switch from IgM to IgG4 or IgE secretion may proceed preferentially to IgE in AD patients as compared to normals.</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"94 1-4","pages":"181-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13096614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro development and functions of human mast cells.","authors":"T Ishizaka,&nbsp;T Furitsu,&nbsp;N Inagaki","doi":"10.1159/000235341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A long-term co-culture of mononuclear cells of human umbilical cord blood with mouse embryo-derived 3T3 fibroblasts resulted in the development of human mast cells. These mast cells are morphologically and functionally mature cells, containing 1.4-2.8 micrograms histamine per 10(6) cells and bear approximately 10(5) Fc epsilon RI per cell. The mast cells sensitized with human IgE released histamine upon challenge with anti-IgE. Electron-microscopic analysis of the cells showed that these cells were mature human mast cells, and clearly different from basophilic granulocytes. Most of the mast cells contained some granules with regular crystalline arrays and both tryptase and chymase, resembling human skin mast cells. When mononuclear cells of cord blood were seeded in a millicell insert which was placed on 3T3 fibroblasts monolayer, the number of mast cells developed in the millicell inserts was comparable to those developed in the co-culture of the same cord blood cells with 3T3 fibroblasts. Recent observations that mast cells developed in the presence of concentrated culture supernatants of 3T3 fibroblasts without fibroblasts feeder layers, confirmed that soluble factors released from 3T3 fibroblasts are essential and sufficient for the differentiation of human mast cell progenitors in vitro. Analysis of functional characteristics of cultured mast cells revealed that they respond to anti-IgE, Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and substance P for histamine release, but failed to respond to compound 48/80 and FMLP. Upon anti-IgE challenge, sensitized mast cells generated approximately 80 ng PGD2 per 10(6) cells, and approximately 50 ng of LTC4 per 10(6) cells but no detectable generation of LTB4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"94 1-4","pages":"116-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13096704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histamine stimulation of the nasal mucosa does not induce prostaglandin or leukotriene generation or induce methacholine hyperresponsiveness.","authors":"A M Majchel,&nbsp;D Proud,&nbsp;W C Hubbard,&nbsp;R M Naclerio","doi":"10.1159/000235420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To further define the role of histamine in the nasal mucosa, we studied the possible effect of histamine provocation on the generation of prostanoids and leukotrienes, and on the induction of hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. In separate experiments, we performed nasal challenges with histamine and measured by gas chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry and by radioimmunoassay after high-performance liquid chromatography the levels of prostanoids and leukotrienes, respectively, in recovered nasal lavages 10 min after challenge. Hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was tested in both nostrils 24 h after unilateral provocation with histamine. Our data suggest that histamine induced an immediate symptomatic response, but neither led to the generation of prostaglandins or leukotrienes nor induced hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. These results differ from those achieved after antigen stimulation and emphasize the importance of mediators in addition to histamine in the allergic reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"95 2-3","pages":"149-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13096867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of 'clean' air samples by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray probe micro-analysis.","authors":"F Chavarria,&nbsp;P Heap,&nbsp;F Carswell","doi":"10.1159/000235404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air samples taken from the clean air over Bristol were examined using scanning, transmission and X-ray probe micro-analysis. A diversity of material was identified demonstrating the importance of man-made pollutants which have the potential to produce lung damage in addition to pollen moulds.</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"94 1-4","pages":"362-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13096984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ragweed-specific IgA in nasal lavage fluid of ragweed-sensitive allergic rhinitis patients: increase during the pollen season.","authors":"C E Reed,&nbsp;M Bubak,&nbsp;S Dunnette,&nbsp;J Blomgren,&nbsp;M Pfenning,&nbsp;P Wentz-Murtha,&nbsp;N Wallen,&nbsp;M Keating,&nbsp;G J Gleich","doi":"10.1159/000235382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because the secretions of asthma and rhinitis contain toxic eosinophil granule proteins and because secretory IgA is the most potent immunoglobulin stimulus for eosinophil degranulation, we measured eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and ragweed-specific IgA and IgE antibodies in nasal lavage before and during the ragweed pollen season in 44 hay fever patients. We found IgA antibody in nanogram/milliliter concentrations before the season and rising 20-fold by the end of the season. IgE antibody was present in picogram/milliliter concentrations and did not change. Eosinophils and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin also increased. We conclude that IgA is the predominant antibody in allergic nasal secretions and increases with allergen exposure. The hypothesis that secretory IgA antibody-allergen complexes contributes to allergic inflammation by stimulating eosinophil degranulation warrants further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"94 1-4","pages":"275-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13097768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 on human T cells by excretory and secretory antigen of Dirofilaria immitis.","authors":"K A Yamaoka,&nbsp;S Tsukidate,&nbsp;M Higaki,&nbsp;N Miyasaka,&nbsp;K Fujita","doi":"10.1159/000235460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the capacity of excretory and secretory antigen (ES) derived from living filarial worms in the induction of CD23 expression on human peripheral blood T cells by using flow cytometry. ES (10 micrograms/ml) significantly induced the expression of CD23 on human T cells. Moreover, increased CD23 expression was completely abolished by preincubation with specific antibody to ES. The results suggest that ES might play a certain role in IgE antibody production by induction of CD23 expression on T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"95 1","pages":"92-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12994819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization of the Fc epsilon RI binding site to the third constant domain of IgE.","authors":"A Nissim,&nbsp;Z Eshhar","doi":"10.1159/000235335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000235335","url":null,"abstract":"To map precisely the binding site of the high affinity receptor (FcεRI) on IgE we have constructed and expressed recombinant human and mouse IgE genes with anti-NIP specificity. Various mutated and chi-meric molecules thus prepared were studied for their ability to bind to rat mast cells or transfected fibro-blasts expressing human FcεRI α chain. To avoid destruction of the FcεRI binding site due to conforma-tional changes, we took advantage of the fact that human IgE does not bind to the rodent receptor, and by exon swapping between the human and mouse constant regions (Cε), generated chimeric human IgE molecules having either one or both of the murine Cε2 and Cε3. We found that replacement of the human Cε3 with the murine homologue was sufficient to confer on the human IgE the ability to bind to the rat FcεRI. Moreover, deletion of the Cε2 did not impair the receptor binding capacity of both human and murine molecules. We therefore conclude that all of the FcεRI binding site can be assigned to third constant region domain of IgE. Results and Discussion Many studies have been carried out in an attempt to map the site on the IgE molecule which accommodates the FcεRI. Several recent studies, utilizing different experimental approaches, implicated the Cε2, Cε3 and their interface as the sites that take part in the FcεRI binding [1, 2]. Because a large part of the data used was derived from manipulations which might have had deleterious effects on the overall conformation of IgE, and since the integrity of the native spatial structure of IgE is required for FcεRI-IgE binding [3], we decided to preserve the native IgE conformation as intact as possible. Because of the substantial homology in sequence and overall tertiary and quar-ternary structure between the mouse and the human IgE molecules [4], and the fact that human IgE does not bind to the rodent receptor, we reasoned it to be an excellent system to study the contribution of different murine Cε fragments to the FcεRI binding site. Thus, we constructed recombinant mouse and human ε heavy chain genes composed of the corresponding Cε exons and VH of an anti-NIP IgG. Following transfection into the λ chain producing J588L myeloma cells, functional recombinant IgE have been obtained which were identical to native IgE in their ability to bind to FcεRI and induce mast cell degranula-tion upon binding of NIP protein [5]. These basic constructs were used to generate chimeric human/mouse IgE molecules by replacing different human exons with their murine homologues [6]. Figure 1 describes schematically the different chimeric molecules and compares","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"94 1-4","pages":"93-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000235335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12995378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T cells and asthma. I. Lymphocyte subpopulations and activation in allergic and nonallergic asthma.","authors":"C Walker,&nbsp;J C Virchow,&nbsp;T Iff,&nbsp;P L Bruijnzeel,&nbsp;K Blaser","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abnormalities of peripheral-blood lymphocyte subsets and activation markers were detected in patients with both allergic and nonallergic asthma. Most allergic asthmatics were characterized by increased numbers of IL-2R+ helper T cells and CD23+ B cells. In contrast, nonallergic asthmatics showed increased numbers of IL-2R+ and HLA-DR+ helper and cytotoxic T cells, and a clear redistribution from naive (CD45RA+) to memory (CD45RO+) cells. The number of IL-2R+ T cells correlated with the number of CD23+ B cells in allergic asthma. These changes in the distribution and activation state of T cells suggest an active role for T cells in the pathogenesis of both allergic and nonallergic asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13810,"journal":{"name":"International archives of allergy and applied immunology","volume":"94 1-4","pages":"241-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12996088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}