{"title":"Escitalopram-induced hyperprolactinemic galactorrhea","authors":"Deepthi Yedla, V. Sharmila","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_50_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_50_22","url":null,"abstract":"Galactorrhea is milky secretions from the breast in women who have not breast-fed for a year. Escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), owing to its potency and tolerance, is regarded as the primary line drug in the management of depression and anxiety disorders. SSRIs may rarely cause symptoms brought on by enhanced prolactin levels. Antidepressants that increase serotonin may additionally cause a rise in prolactin by improving dopamine neurotransmission. In the current research, we present a case of hyperprolactinemic galactorrhea linked to escitalopram. A 32-year-old woman presented with bilateral breast heaviness and milky secretions after using escitalopram for anxiety and her serum prolactin level was found to be elevated. Galactorrhea disappeared and her prolactin level returned to normal after escitalopram was stopped.","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129477105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debarpito Mukherjee, Paramita Thander, Sayantan Rout, P. Halder
{"title":"Ileal perforation by ingested fishbone","authors":"Debarpito Mukherjee, Paramita Thander, Sayantan Rout, P. Halder","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_45_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_45_22","url":null,"abstract":"Hollow viscus perforation is one of the most frequent causes of acute gastrointestinal symptoms, but these are rare due to foreign body (FB) ingestion. The majority of ingested FBs that reach the stomach pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. Hollow viscus perforation following a FB ingestion frequently occurs at the ileum. Fishbones are often ingested by older population, and only a small number of patients can recall an event of swallowing an FB. Here, we present a case of ileal perforation caused by ingesting a fishbone in a 60-year-old man who recovered successfully after receiving emergency surgical treatment.","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128300603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aswini Kumar, V. Ramanarayanan, D. Harikrishnan, R. Sajeev, Athira Rejithan, Vineetha Karuveettil, Reshma Suresh
{"title":"The effect of camera and display technology on the reliability of digital shade evaluation","authors":"Aswini Kumar, V. Ramanarayanan, D. Harikrishnan, R. Sajeev, Athira Rejithan, Vineetha Karuveettil, Reshma Suresh","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_26_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_26_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: For a successful prosthodontic rehabilitation, accurate and economic shade selection methods are warranted. Shade selection with digital cameras and various commonly used digital displays can be suggested as an alternative to expensive colorimetric instruments and inaccurate visual shade selection. To digitalize prosthetic rehabilitation, standards need to be set on minimum digital specifications required to capture and communicate accurate shade selection. This study aimed to establish a minimum specification required for a digital image, to achieve the most accurate result in prosthodontic shade selection, using digital photography. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 dental professionals with normal color vision. Sixteen shade tabs were randomly selected from two commonly used shade guides and were photographed using four different commonly used digital cameras under standardized settings. After dividing the shade tabs into four groups randomly, the images were displayed on four different outputs. Participants were made to match the outputs to a complete set of shade guide. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the proportion of correct responses. Chi-square test was used to test for the presence of statistical association between the groups. Results: For digital shade evaluation, output from the compact camera (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with an effective output of 14 megapixel showed higher number of responses in terms of accuracy, in comparison with other devices which produced digital outputs with a higher pixel density. The shades were identified best on outputs with a higher pixel density of 2560 × 1600-pixel resolution, followed by full HD LCD display (1920 × 1080-pixel resolution). Conclusion: This study recommends digital photography using a 14-MP camera as a minimum specification for shade selection. For display outputs, laptops with a screen resolution of at least 1920 × 1080, calibrated in standard red, green, blue color space is recommended for visual shade selection.","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132422053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Auwal Adamu, Yasir Nuhu Jibril, E. Kolo, A. Aluko, Nafisatu Bello-Muhammad, A. Ajiya, I. Shuaibu
{"title":"Evaluation of voice handicap and emotional status among dysphonic and non-dysphonic individuals: A cross-sectional survey","authors":"Auwal Adamu, Yasir Nuhu Jibril, E. Kolo, A. Aluko, Nafisatu Bello-Muhammad, A. Ajiya, I. Shuaibu","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_40_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_40_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dysphonia impairs verbal communication of the sufferer, which can lead to social isolation, depression, and reduced quality of life. Evaluation of voice handicap and emotional impact of dysphonia are not routinely consider in our laryngology and voice clinics, despite the fact that about 50% to 60% of patients with dysphonia have social and psychological problems. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the voice handicap and emotional status among dysphonic and non-dysphonic individuals in our environment. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that included dysphonic patients and non-dysphonic individuals matched for age and gender. A detailed clinical history was obtained, and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire was used to assess the voice handicap and emotional status of the participants. The mean VHI score of dysphonic and non-dysphonic participants was compared. Results: Ninety dysphonic patients and equal number of non-dysphonic controls completed the study. The mean VHI score dysphonic patients was higher (46.8 ± 17.7) than that of the controls (5.2 ± 3.9), and there was a statistical significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.000). Most of the dysphonic patients 69(77.8%) had poor emotional status, while most of the controls had good emotional status 83(92.3%). Conclusion: This study found high Voice Handicap Index and poor emotional status among dysphonic patients compared to controls. Therefore, patients with dysphonia should be reviewed by a psychologist in order to address the emotional aspect of their problem.","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125207053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catch them young (or rather not)","authors":"U. Menon","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125366423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Monitoring framework for direct and indirect tobacco advertisements","authors":"Sakshi Supehia, S. Raina","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_32_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_32_22","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use is a significant risk factor contributing to a variety of non-communicable diseases and chronic illnesses. Adolescent smoking is more likely to start as a result of tobacco advertising and promotion, which might result in a rise in the number of adult smokers in the future. Developing a monitoring framework for direct and indirect tobacco advertisement is an important step to control tobacco use.","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133248821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mohandas, NevinJ Palal, M. Mathew, A. Moses Ezhil Raj, Aravind Mohan, Abdul Bari, Amrithachandra K P, Aravindh Krishna R
{"title":"Prevalence of Internet gaming disorder among engineering students aged 18–25 years: A cross-sectional study from Ernakulam district","authors":"S. Mohandas, NevinJ Palal, M. Mathew, A. Moses Ezhil Raj, Aravind Mohan, Abdul Bari, Amrithachandra K P, Aravindh Krishna R","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_38_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_38_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The number of mobile game users has increased globally over the last few years. Gaming has been reported as a new way of satisfying basic human needs within the constraints of the current modern society. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among engineering students aged 18–25 years in the Ernakulam district of Kerala and the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was an online-based cross-sectional study among engineering colleges in Ernakulam district of Kerala selected by simple random sampling. Students with psychiatric ailments were excluded from the study. On the basis of the prevalence of IGD, reported by Mihara and Higuchi in 2017, the minimum calculated sample size for this study using the formula, n = (4FNx01pq)/d2 was 291. The study tool was a semi-structured questionnaire with three segments: socio-demographic profile, IGD, and Internet gaming behavior pattern. As data were collected using Google Forms, data were downloaded from Google Sheet and exported to and analyzed using SPSS software program, version 20.0. Results: The study had 271 participants and most of them were males. The mean age group of the study population was 22.77 years. The prevalence of IGD was found to be 2.2%. In the associated risk factors, people living alone were found to have a significant association with IGD. Conclusion: Although the prevalence observed in our research is low, more attention needs to be given to keeping the prevalence low, as the number of gamers in India has been constantly increasing.","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129294525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of neurodevelopment questionnaire among school children across optimal and high birth weight in a rural cohort of northern India","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, Seema Sharma, S. Raina","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_28_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_28_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neurodevelopmental outcomes up to 6 years of age were observed to be negatively associated with birth weight. Limited evidence exists for its association with high birth weight in rural parts of India. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the performance of Denver Development Screening Test II (DDST-II) questionnaire among children with high birth weight (>3500 g) and normal birth weight (2500–2999 g) in an established birth cohort in the rural area of Himachal Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A birth cohort study was carried out from April 2021 to March 2022 in an established birth cohort of children. Participants with birth weight from 2500 to 2999 g were considered as the not-exposed and more than 3500 as the exposed group. Neurodevelopmental assessment was done by DDST-II, and its overall score along with seven domain scores was compared. The association was measured by adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 379 and 377 participants in the nonexposed and exposed groups were enrolled, respectively. Exposed group observed with significantly more mean age (9.0 years) as compared to the not-exposed (8.6 years) group. Multivariate analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance for observation-based neurodevelopmental assessment found that except for mentioning the correct use of items (cup, chair, and pencil) and for their action in case of cold, tired, and hungry, all domains have discriminatory value for a statistical difference between the not-exposed and exposed group. Linear regression analysis observed a significant association between DDST-II score and exposure (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI: 0.8–3.4) after adjusting for gender, age, years of schooling, and body mass index. Conclusion: High birth weight (>3500 g) was observed with a better performance of DDST-II with a significant association.","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132256510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis through optimization of sputum microscopy","authors":"Raman Chauhan, S. Raina, Dr.Dinesh Kumar, A. Sood","doi":"10.4103/amjm.amjm_29_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/amjm.amjm_29_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient compliance is an important component of the case detection. The feasibility of sputum examination on the same day was assessed without compromising on the quality. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 215 patients attending the DOTS center in Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, at Tanda from July 2018 to December 2018. The patients were divided into three arms of the study based on the timing of the sputum sample. Results: There was a high correlation of the test result across all study groups. Combined for all arms, the correlation between the first spot and second spot sputum sample was 0.87, between the first spot and morning sputum sample was 0.82, and between the second spot and morning sputum sample was 0.85. There was no significant statistical difference in the sputum positivity among the groups. The loss to follow-up (LFU) was high (21.9%) for the second and third spot (early morning) samples in group 2, and no LFU was observed for the second spot (after 1 h) and morning sample in group 1 patients. Conclusion: The combination of the first and early morning samples offers a feasible mechanism to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) based on acid fast bacillus identification. Establishing the diagnosis for TB based on two sample results is feasible without any significant drop in the yield.","PeriodicalId":138060,"journal":{"name":"Amrita Journal of Medicine","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114530532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}