International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"A comparative study on local and newly introduced rice varieties in Ebonyi State of Nigeria based on selected agronomic characteristics.","authors":"A. Oko, B. Ubi, A. Efisue","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.03","url":null,"abstract":"The Choice of rice varieties by farmers and the rate at which farmers in Ebonyi state go for new rice varieties at the expense of indigenous varieties have become a source of worry to scientists. We assessed the agronomic characteris- tics of 15 selected indigenous and newly introduced hybrid rice varieties in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The Rice cultivars were grown under the same conditions and screened for morpho-agronomic traits. Significant variation (P<0.05) was detected among the 20 rice varieties for all the traits evaluated. The results showed that plant height ranged between 144.01 cm in \"Mass (I)\" and 76.00 cm in \"Chinyeugo\". Cv. \"E4197\" had the highest value of 38±0.02 cm for panicle length and \"Chin- yereugo\" had the highest value of 6.3g ± 0.03 for panicle weight. Leaf area showed the highest value of 63.8cm 2 ± 0.01 in \"Mass (I)\". Flowering time ranged from 138 ± 0.1days in \"Mass (I)\" to 68 ± 0.04 days in \"Chinyereugo\" while \"Mass (II)\" and \"E4077\" took the shortest period of 14 days after flowering to mature. Cv. \"Co-operative\" had high number of seeds per panicle (139 ± 0.19). \"Chinyereugo\" had the highest value of 25.9g ±1.4 for 1000-grains weight. The grain of \"E4314\" was the longest (8.00 mm ± 0.89) of the varieties studied. The grains of \"Awilo\" had a grain width of 2.62mm ± 0.04, while \"E4197\" had the highest value for grain width of 4.1 mm. Farmers should, therefore, be critical in accepting new varieties that may not be comparably outstanding in a holistic sense, in order to preserve the integrity of the all-cherished indigenous rice varieties .","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"3 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74978143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Irrigation with Sewage Effluent and Rhizobia Inoculation on Growth of Tropical Tree Legumes in Northeast Brazil","authors":"F. G. D. Carvalho, A. J. N. D. Silva, H. N. Melo, J. L. Melo","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.12","url":null,"abstract":"The use of domestic sewage in the agriculture is an alternative for reduction of the pollution of rivers, pres- ervation of resources hydrics and availability of water and nutritious for plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizobia inoculation on growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents in shoots of leguminous trees grown in an Alisol in northeastern Brazil. Irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizo- bium inoculation affected significantly the growth parameters and nodulation of L. leucocephala and M. caesalpiniaefolia. Statistically higher values of shoot dry matter and plant height were observed in leguminous trees irrigated with sewage effluent, compared to treatment with water irrigation.Sewage effluent irrigation treatment also increased significantly the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn in shoots of woody legumes studied after harvest. Inoculation with Rhizobium promoted significant increases in growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents, only when associated with application of sewage effluent.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"23 1","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81720846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Growth and Correlations Between Body Weight and Shell Measurements of the Juveniles of Two Ectotypes of Archachatina Margi nata var. S aturalis (P) Snail","authors":"L. Ibom, B. Okon","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides information on the growth and correlations between body traits of juveniles of two ecto- types of snail(Archachatina marginata var. saturalis (P)). Three hundred juveniles, one hundred and fifty each of the black-skinned (BS) and white-skinned (WS) ectotypes selected from a pool on the basis of active appearance and absence of injury, blister or lesion on the foot and/or shell were used for the study. The selected juveniles were grouped into two on the basis of skin (foot) colour. Each group was replicated five times with ten juveniles per group in a completely randomized design. The results of this study showed that during the juvenile phase of growth, there was progressive weight increment with significant differences (P 0.05) after week two could mean that irrespective of their pigmentation and weight at hatch, juveniles of a particular breed always grow to catch up with others within the same environment. The results also showed that growth in terms of weight gain was generally low/slow during the first few weeks of life after hatch. The reason for this could be that the juveniles eat little or no feed (concentrate and/or forage) during this stage of life. The results of estimates of association between traits showed that all evaluated traits had strong positive correlations in the two snail ec- totypes studied. The correlations between these traits were highly significant (P<0.001). The positive correlation values recorded among these traits could mean that the traits are influenced by the same genes in the same direction, and that there are direct relationships between the traits. Besides, it could be that weight increment in snails is as a result of increase in the size of corresponding traits. The high degree of correlation among traits indicates that selection for one trait will lead to improvement in the other trait. The results of this study could guide breeders in the development of stocks, and thus increase the availability of animal protein for the teeming Nigerian populace.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"41 1","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86399460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pigeonpea genotypes for intercropping with maize and sorghum in Southern Guinea Savanna: economic benefits.","authors":"M. O. Egbe, J. Idoko","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.17","url":null,"abstract":"The economics of production and profitability of intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) geno- types with maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were studied in two separate field experi- ments in 2007 and 2008. Each experiment was a 2 x 15 factorial set out in split plot design in three replications with the main objective of evaluating the economic potentials of recently introduced pigeonpea genotypes from International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) with a view to increasing and diversifying household income in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. Though it depressed pigeonpea grain yields, intercropping consistently gave higher net benefits than sole cropping in the pigeonpea/maize systems. ICPL 87 gave the highest net benefits in both pigeon- pea/maize and pigeonpea/sorghum intercropping systems (N200, 082.00/ha and N110, 399.00/ha respectively). It also pro- duced the highest marginal rate of returns and returns per naira investment in the pigeonpea/maize systems. Sole pigeonpea was more remunerative than many intercropped pigeonpea with sorghum. Most of the new varieties proved superior to the Farmer's variety in both cropping systems, with consequent higher profitability. This implies potential increase in house- hold incomes and alternative farm enterprise with the adoption of any of these new varieties in the intercropping systems studied.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"63 1","pages":"108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74793052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Imazapyr and a Brassinosteroid Analogue in Seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis","authors":"C. Magno, M. D. Silva, Priscilla da Silva Freitas, A. Gomes","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120204.09","url":null,"abstract":"The application of brassinosteroids has been used to protect plants from environmental stresses. An experiment was carried out for the purpose of evaluating the interaction of the spirostanic analogue of castasterone (BB16) and the imazapyr herbicide by making use of seedlings clones of Eucalyptus grandis. It was used manual sprayers for the application of BB16, and for the herbicide application was used a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. The experiment was composed of six treatments: control; imazapyr (I) (0.750 kg ha -1 of active ingredient); BB16 in the concentrations of 0.08 (BB16(-)) and 0.16 mg L -1 (BB16(+)) applied immediately after the herbicide (I+BB16(-) and I+BB16(+), respectively) and, imazapyr applied immediately after the BB16 (BB16(-)+I and BB16(+)+I, respectively). At 18 days after the treatment application (DAT) it was verified that in the treatments I, BB16(-)+I and BB16(+)+I occurred total necrosis in terminal leaves of the apical branches. After 21 DAT, the treatment control, I+BB16(-) and I+BB16(+) expressed significative increments in height and stem diameter, in relation to other treatments. Similar behavior was verified to dry matter of the shoot and roots, at 35 DAT. When BB16 was applied before imazapyr, the deleterious effects on the variables dry matter of shoot, as well as in height and diameter of the seedlings, had been more significant than the isolated herbicide application. We found out that the application of analogue castasterona could act as a safener in seedlings of E. grandis submitted to the imazapyr action, when applied immediately after the herbicide, because these seedlings have not exhibited toxicity symptoms under this condition.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"146 1","pages":"180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73302362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] on Sorghum Using Some Plant Powders","authors":"M. Suleiman, N. Ibrahim, Q. Majeed","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120201.09","url":null,"abstract":"Plant powders prepared from five plant species were tested under constant conditions at 30 ± 2℃ and 60 - 65% r. h. for their ability to protect sorghum grains against Sitophilus zeamais in storage. Doses at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g and 0.12g of the check (permethrin (0.6%) were applied for assessments of adult mortality, emergence and damage. Leaf powders of E. balsamifera, J. curcas and L. inermis gave the highest adult mortality (60.0 - 100%), while peel powder of C. sinensis and leaf powder of L. hastata recorded 47.50 - 82.50% adult mortality. Least adult emergence (0.00%) was observed when 2.0g of J. curcas was applied, while the highest (57.82%) was obtained from 0.5g L. hastata. All the plant powders showed sig- nificant (p < 0.05) adult mortality against S. zeamais with weevil perforation index (WPI) of < 50.00. This study was de- signed to observe the possibility of using plants parts to reduce grain damage caused by insect pests during storage.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"12 38 1","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79799418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Strategies and Effective Mechanism of Fisheries Self-governance in Korea","authors":"Sang-Go Lee","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20110101.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20110101.04","url":null,"abstract":"s In Korea, the role of FC(Fisheries Cooperatives) in self-governance is of significance for the sustainable development of fisheries. It should be understood from the view that the FC exists for fishing management of inshore and coastal fisheries. It is coastal fisheries consisting mostly of small-scale fishermen that need collaborations of small-scale fishermen in the fishing industry. One of the reasons why the fishermen association FC should have an important role in self-governance is that the spread of self-governance and new fishing and fishery management modes nationwide is the responsibility and role of FC as a deliverer of cooperative movements. Self-governance should be connected to economic projects of FC. As a self-governance is for increased income of fishermen, the scheme should be linked to resources man- agement and raise added value of products, going beyond the establishment of biological resources management. Self-governance is a collaborative movement of fishermen, by which therefore, FC should play its part in the sustainable development of inshore and coastal fisheries. In nature, perfect fisheries self-governance is difficult, so certain government regulations such as limits on access will continue, once fisheries self-governance succeeds. However, the government should boldly reduce and transfer regulations other than the minimum management means, to expand fisheries self-governance. It is important to find cases of conflicts/disputes actively and conduct follow-up management of them in collaboration with local governments, FC, and councils of leaders. Even tasks of which excavation and coordination is completed should be checked for their implementation records on a regular basis and complemented or further adjusted, when necessary. Voluntary restructuring plans by type of inshore and coastal fisheries should be set up and upon request, assessed to promote voluntary participation in consideration of characteristics by business type for coastal fisheries re- structuring, such as collaborative support with local governments.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"43 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74135698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholder participation in innovation platform and implications for Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D)","authors":"K. Nyikahadzoi, P. Pali, A. Fatunbi, L. Olarinde, J. Njuki, A. Adekunle","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.03","url":null,"abstract":"In sub-Saharan Africa, there is increasing interest for the adaptation and use of the innovation systems ap- proach to advance learning and development in the Agricultural Research and Development (ARD) sector. This crave is constrained by unavailability of a proven blue print that describe the paradigm shift from the linear approach and how such could function under different socio-economic, cultural and political climate. This paper uses three case studies from the Sub Saharan Africa Challenge Program (SSA CP) to accentuate approaches and strategies for the successful use of the in- novation system approach in agricultural research and development. The paper shows that the establishment of Innovation Platforms under the premise of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) at the grass-root uses social networks and capital to mobilize for collective action necessary to meet market demand. It also shows that the ensued itera- tive structure is suitable for dealing with policy issues that constrain value chain at district level, while the apex structure is functional in dealing with policy issues at national and regional level. This paper proposes a coordinated ARD strategy that links innovation platforms at the continental, sub-regional, national and the grass root as the best practices for comprehen- sive use of innovation system approach.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"44 1","pages":"92-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86825861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Crop Rotation, Soil Temperature and Soil Moisture on CO 2 Emission Rate in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India","authors":"M. Srivastava, Shashank Sharma, M. Kudrat","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.07","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux from soil is one of the very important components of global carbon cycle and climate change. Land use and climate are the major factors that influence the rate of CO2 efflux. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the monthly variation in rate of CO2 efflux and its correlation with soil temperature and soil moisture in agricultural lands under different crops and crop rotations in part of Indo-Gangetic plain in India. The Indo-Gangetic plain covers 13% geographical area of the country and produces 50% of the total food grain of the country. The agricultural lands are cultivated for variety of crops including, Oryza sativa (Paddy), Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Zea mays (Maize), Brassica herta (Mustard), Trifolium alexamdrinum (Barseem), Sorghum bicolor (Jowar), Sachharum officinarum (Sugarcane) and several pulses and vegetables. The average annual CO2 emission rate ranged between 0.56 g m -2 h -1 (wheat -fallow- paddy) and 0.75 g m -2 h -1 (jowar-barseem) with a mean value of 0.64 g m -2 h -1 . The standard deviation varied from 0.06 to 0.25 and the standard error varied from 0.02 to 0.03. Wheat crop combinations (wheat-fallow-paddy, wheat-fallow, wheat-maize, wheat-pulses, wheat-sugarcane, wheat-jowar, and wheat-vegetable) showed relatively lower values of average annual CO2 emission rate whereas highest emission rates were found in vegetable crops. During monsoon months the rate of CO2 emis- sion from soil was higher due to favorable moisture and temperature conditions, while in winter the same was observed minimum in all the crops. The study leads to infer that crop, crop rotation and soil temperature and moisture have significant effect on soil CO2 emission.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81888802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation Endogenus and Exogenous of Allelochemical 2,4-dihydroxy-7-metoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3,(4 H )-one (DIMBOA) in Root Architecture of Maize ( Zea mayz )","authors":"A. Oliveros-Bastidas, F. A. Macias, J. M. Molinillo","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.09","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), in roots and root exudate of 1- to 6- days-old maize plants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest concentrations of DIMBOA were found in maize root extracts and exudate when maize roots were 2 weeks old and the maize plant was approximately 15 cm in height. The highest concentrations of DIMBOA equivalents were found in root crown. The distribution of DIMBOA in different root parts (seminal roots, primary root, and crown) was also determined. DIMBOA is concentrated in the cortex of all parts of maize roots determined. The concentrations in com- plete organ of nodal roots were significantly higher than any other parts of maize roots. The results indicate that the distri- bution of DIMBOA is heterogeneous within architecture of the root. Different groups of root show different potential root exudation of DIMBOA. The level of endogenous DIMBOA directly correlates with exogenous levels. The high concentra- tions of these substances in the maize root are may be relevant in the resistance of maize varieties to subterranean pest insects.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"23 1","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73754261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}