International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Soil Drench with Fungicides Alternatives Against Root Rot Incidence of Some Vegetables Under Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"M. Abdel-Kader, N. El-Mougy, M. Aly, S. Lashin, R. El-Mohamady","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.10","url":null,"abstract":"Soil drench with furfural, Humic & Folic acid and/or bio-agents treatments were evaluated against root rot incidence of Cucumber, Cantaloupe, Tomato and Pepper in pot experiments. The pathogenic fungi, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. minor, Macrophomina phaseolina, Alternaria solani and Pythium sp. As well as bio-agents, T. harzianum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were used in this study. The obtained results revealed the efficacy of applied some of plant resistance inducers and/or bio-agents as soil drench against tested vegetables root diseases incidence at both pre-, and post-emergence growth stages comparing with untreated control. Applied treatments of the bio-agents in combination with the tested chemicals resulted in higher significant reduction in root rot incidence than each of them alone. Treatments of T. harzianum either alone or combined with chemicals were superior for reducing root rot disease for all tested vegetable plants followed by B. subtilis treatments comparing with the other tested ones. More detailed studies are required to elucidate formulations of antagonists and alternative fungicides for more successful protection against such soil-borne diseases.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"68 1","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80617953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Chicken Manure on Growth and Yield of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.Moench )","authors":"Feisal M. Ismaeil, A. Abusuwar, Ahmed M. El Naim","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.09","url":null,"abstract":"The increasingly demand of chicken meat in Sudan has prompted more poultry farming with consequent ef- fects on increased utilization of organic wastes (e.g. chicken manure) as fertilizers. Organic wastes contain varying amounts of water, mineral nutrients and organic matter. While the use of organic wastes as manure has been in practice for centuries world-wide. A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Shambat during the period (February - May 2007) to study the effect of different rates of chicken manure on growth and forage yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.), Moench). The treatments consisted of four levels of chicken manure; 0, 1.2, 2.5 and 5.0 tons/ha. The treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design in four repli- cates. The character studies were plant population, plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, leaf area index, and fresh and dry forage yield. The results showed that there were significant differences among treatments in most pa- rameters during the growing period for growth attributes under study. Chicken manure resulted in an increase in growth attributes as well as forage yield. Chicken manure (5 tons/ha) produced higher fresh and dry forage at harvest than the other treatments.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85239576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Biological and Fungicidal Alternatives for Controlling Foliar Diseases of Vegetables Under Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"M. Abdel-Kader, N. El-Mougy, M. Aly, S. Lashin","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.07","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation the efficacy of bio-agents, resistance chemical inducers and/or thyme oil application as foliar spray against vegetables foliar diseases incidence was carried out in open greenhouse conditions. The tested bio-agents were Trichoderma harzianum, T. Viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas flourescens and Saccharomyces serevisiae. Calcium chloride, Potassium monohydrogen phosphate, Potassium bicarbonate, Saccharin, Ascorbic acid, Chitosan and Humic & Folic acid (mixture) as resistance chemical inducers were evaluated. The recorded foliar diseases, i.e. Powdery, Downy mildews of Cucumber, Cantaloupe and Pepper as well as Early, Late blights of Tomato were significantly reduced at all treatments either alone or in combinations comparing with untreated plants. Application with either T. harzianum and B. subtilis showed significant reduction in diseases incidence comparing with the other applied bio-agents. Under artificial infestation the most significant reduction in diseases incidence of tested vegetables were recorded in combined treatments of chemical inducers and S. serevisiae, i.e. (Chitosan + Thyme oil); (Chitosan + Saccharin); (Chitosan + Calcium chloride + S. serevisiae); (Chitosan + Potassium monohydrogen phosphate); (Saccharin + Potassium monohydrogen phosphate) ; (Humic & folic + Thyme oil) and (Chitosan + S. serevisiae) comparing with other applied treatments as well as untreated control. On the light of the present study it could be suggested that the usage of combined application of the bio-agents with resistance plant chemicals might be used as easily applied, safely and cost effective control methods against such foliar plant diseases.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"47 1","pages":"38-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80375500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Nutrient Composition of Selected Local and Newly Introduced Rice Varieties Grown in Ebonyi State of Nigeria","authors":"Oko A. O., U. B. E., Efisue A. A., D. N.","doi":"10.5923/j.ijaf.20120202.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijaf.20120202.04","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the chemical nutrient composition of 15 selected indigenous and five of the newly introduced hybrid rice varieties in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The rice cultivars were field-grown, processed, and analyzed for proximate and mineral composition. The results showed that cv. \"Canada\" had the highest ash content (2.0 %). High percentage carbohydrate was found in all the genotypes (51.5 - 86.9 %). Cv.\"E4212\" had the highest crude protein (7.94 %), while \"Sipi\" had the least (1.58 %). Cv.\"E4197\" had the least energy value of 262.94 J/Kg, while \"Canada\" had the highest value of 398.82 J/Kg. \"Canada\" had the highest fat content (3.5 %), while \"Sipi\" and \"Faro14 (I)\" both contained the least fat (0.5 %). \"China\" and \"Mass (II)\" similarly had the highest percentage of crude fibre (2.5 %), while \"E4334\", \"Faro 25 (II)\" and \"Mass (I)\" all had the least value of 1.0 % for crude fibre. Cv.\"E4197\" had a very high moisture content of 9.6 % as against \"E4212\" which had the least moisture content of 5.0 %. In relation to mineral content, \"Chinyereugo\" was highest in calcium (0.13 %), \"Faro1(I)\" had the highest amount of Magnesium (0.26 %), \"E4197\" and \"E4212\" had the highest percentage of phosphorus (0.55 %),\"E4197\" and \"E4212\" had the highest concentration of potassium (0.23 %), while \"Canada\", \"Faro15 (II)\" and \"Chinyereugo\" possessed the highest percentage of sodium (0.17 %). One of the newly introduced hybrid varieties \"E4212\" had relatively higher protein and mineral contents, but less fat content. \"Sipi\" variety has no special quality attributes over the other existing local rice varieties apart from the fact that it is among the varieties that contain relatively low fat percentage just as \"Faro 14\". The \"Faro\" varieties showed good proximate and mineral composition values which consumers would desire. The high premium presently placed on \"Mass\" varieties is uncalled for, since it has got no special characteristics over most other varieties. Consumers and farmers should therefore be better informed on the choice of rice varieties based on their nutritional quality attributes.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"10 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89331888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Agricultural Finance in Producing Food Crops","authors":"Elgilany A. Ahmed, H. Faki, Abubkr Hussein","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative analysis of current trends in financing of main food crops in the public irri- gated schemes of the River Nile State (RNS) and analyzes various agricultural credit mechanisms that have been used in the State. It aims to explore the plausible framework in order to increase agricultural outputs and farmers returns in the area of study. It was on this basis the research undertook Elzeidab scheme of RNS as a case study. Primary data was collected by using structured questionnaires for (70) randomly selected respondents from Elzeidab scheme. Statistical analysis has been employed to assess current situation in financing of main food crops in the scheme. The paper unveiled that these crops are described as low value crops. Also, it revealed that the formal finance is characterized as inefficient to serve the target part of farmers while the informal one is limited to cover the farmer' expenditures. The paper concluded that, the credit market in RNS is not well developed and the majority of households (93%) have no access to formal financial institutions. This al- lows the recommendation to be drawn that improving finance institutions will enable the tenants to improve their farm re- sources use.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"2 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75034717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meat and Bone Meals in Agronomy Performance of Tifton Grass","authors":"A. C. Simões, Igor Vilela Cruz, C. Cruz, K. G. Souza, E. Fernando, M. D. Souza, Jairo Rafael Machado Dias, E. Ferreira","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.12","url":null,"abstract":"A major problem is tropical pasture conditions in acid soils of low fertility. In this context the condition of nutrition of forage plants has low availability of phosphorus (P). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two phosphate sources (meat and bone meals and superphosphate) in dry matter production of Tifton (Cynodon dactylon L.). The experiment was conducted from March to July 2011, in the experimental farm of UNIR, Rolim de Moura, RO. The ex- periment was carried out in buckets of 10 kg of soil. Treatments were the addition of increasing doses of P2O5 (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha -1 ) plots with nitrogen fertilization (20 kg ha -1 ) in each section (30 days), there is still a witness (only N) and absolute control (no N and no P). The randomized blocks design was used with five replicates (3x2+2). Variable analysis, had different levels of production in relation to the cutting times can be attributed to the difference in solubility between the sources of P2O5 studied. In terms of response in four sections, the production levels of dry matter generated by the meat and bones proved effective in relation to single super phosphate, ranging from 94%, 66% and 78% compared with the doses 100, 200 and 300 kg ha -1 , respectively. The meat and bone meal produced satisfactory answers in relation to dry matter production of Tifton, compared to conventional fertilization.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83079240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Credit Default: A Case Study of Maize Farmers in the Asante Akim North District of Ashanti Region","authors":"F. Nimoh, E. K. Tham-Agyekum, Samuel Ayisu","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120202.05","url":null,"abstract":"In order to empirically assess the factors causing the default of credit repayment among maize farmers, a study of this nature becomes imperative. The Asante Akim North District of the Ashanti Region was selected because, maize farmers in the District had benefitted from the Special Maize Project (SMP). The target population was all 400 maize farmers. A total sample size of 60 maize farmers was selected using the systematic sampling for every 5th person from the sampling frame. Frequencies, percentages and the probit model were used to analyse the data. Results of the probit model revealed that age, household size, rent, status of farmer and output significantly influence credit default. About 87% of the farmers con- sider the SMP idea as a good step by MOFA. The study recommends that farmers from different areas should also be included in the project.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"14 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81694929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substitutes or Complements?: Formal and Informal Credit Demand by Maize Farmers in Ashanti and Brong Ahafo Regions of Ghana","authors":"D. Awunyo-Vitor, V. Abankwah","doi":"10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJAF.20120203.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines credit demand by maize farmers and analyses factors influencing their use of informal and formal credits. The analysis is based on data collected from a survey of 590 maize farmers in seven districts of Ashanti and Brong Ahafo Regions of Ghana during May-July 2010. Descriptive statistics, probit and bivariate probit models were used to analyse the data. The study revealed informal credit sources for maize farmers as relatives and friends, traders and private money lenders. Maize traders are major players in the informal credit market followed by agricultural input sellers. Among the formal sources rural banks are the most prominent. Regional location, Gender, engagement in other economic activities and the level of agricultural commercialisation were observed to be factors that influence farmers’ demand for informal credit. In addition to these factors, farmer years of education and proximity to financial institution influence demand for formal credit. The result of the bivariate probit suggests that formal and informal credits are not necessarily perfect substitutes but they complement each other to provide credit needs of farmers in maize production.","PeriodicalId":13804,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81064917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}