CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians最新文献

{"title":"Not only a Western world issue: Cancer incidence in younger individuals in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Humaid O. Al-Shamsi MD, Khaled M. Musallam MD, PhD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21839","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21839","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two important reports regarding cancer incidence in the United States<span><sup>1</sup></span> and globally<span><sup>2</sup></span> have been recently released. In summary, almost 20 million people worldwide were diagnosed with cancer in 2022, and almost 10 million died of their disease.<span><sup>2</sup></span> Lung cancer is the most common cancer globally, followed by female breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers. For women, breast cancer is the most common and is most often fatal; whereas, for men, the most common is lung cancer.<span><sup>2</sup></span> Cancer statistics from the United States released late last year indicated an alarming trend which was not covered in the global statistics: that colorectal and cervical cancers are increasing among individuals younger than 50 years and that colorectal cancer is now the first cause of cancer death among men and the second cause among women in this age group.<span><sup>1</sup></span> This is not an observation restricted to the United States; although the data are not as robust, increases in young-onset colorectal cancer have been documented from Chennai (India) to Korea.<span><sup>3</sup></span> Siegel et al. reported that, for three countries in Europe (Netherlands, Cyprus, and Norway), the increase in colorectal cancer incidence was twice as rapid as that in older adults.<span><sup>3</sup></span> Still, data are sparse when it comes to the Middle East and North African nations.</p><p>Recent reports from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) demonstrate that the issue is indeed global. The UAE National Cancer Registry (UAE-NCR) records cancer incidence rates stratified by age, sex, nationality (Emirati citizens vs. non-Emirati residents), and primary cancer site. The latest report published in February 2024 included all malignant and in-situ cases diagnosed in the UAE during the year 2021.<span><sup>4</sup></span> Data were collected by registry staff at the Ministry of Health and Prevention and through focal points from stakeholders across the UAE (Department of Health Abu Dhabi central cancer registry, Dubai Health Authority central cancer registry, public and private hospitals [using codes from the <i>International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision</i> and <i>International Classification of Diseases for Oncology</i>], medical professionals, and pathology laboratories) through a standardized form and according to recommendations of the International Agency for Research on Cancer.<span><sup>4</sup></span></p><p>Although the incidence rate for the most common cancers in the UAE are at or below global averages in countries with a high/very high Human Development Index, and although the age-specific incidence rates follow predicted trends and increase with advancing age across most cancers, a notable clustering of colorectal cancer incidence at early ages is similarly observed in the latest 2021 UAE-NCR report, which is consistent with available reports since 2014 from the sam","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 3","pages":"227-228"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global cancer statistics: A healthy population relies on population health","authors":"Natia Jokhadze MD, Arunangshu Das MBBS, Don S. Dizon MD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21838","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21838","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2022 update on cancer statistics provides a staggering figure: 20 million will receive a new diagnosis of cancer, and nearly 10 million will die. The data are derived from estimates provided by the Global Cancer Observatory, which relies on the <i>best available sources</i> of both incidence and mortality from cancer in each country.<span><sup>1</sup></span> Population-based cancer survival is a key metric of the effectiveness of health systems in how cancer is managed in individual countries. The monitoring of trends and inequalities in cancer survival is an important metric of overall health system performance, is used to guide investment priorities within oncology, and can help advance locally informed, cost-effective interventions to improve early diagnosis and treatment.</p><p>However, we believe there is a major caveat in these figures, which should serve as a flag for all who seek to prevent cancer from occurring or aim to convert it from a deadly disease to one that people live through, if not with; the data are only as valid as they are representative of a true country's burden. As such, the quality of the source information matters greatly, yet only 1% of African countries and 4% of Asian, South American, and Central American countries collect sufficient data for use.<span><sup>2</sup></span> For now, the Global Cancer Observatory does its best with what it has and thus can provide <i>estimates</i> for all parts of the world. To be frank, the lack of high-quality, country-specific cancer registries, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), affects the accuracy of these figures, raising the concern that these estimates are in fact underestimating both the incidence of and mortality from cancer. Moreover, whether trends in cancer by age at diagnosis are mirrored across countries is important to understand. For example, as the report notes, high Human Development Index (HDI) countries are reporting a rise in colorectal cancer diagnoses before age 50 years. Whether people living in lower HDI countries are experiencing the same trend is not known.</p><p>These issues are brought to the forefront when one looks at two countries in different parts of the world: Bangladesh and the Republic of Georgia. In Bangladesh, cancer incidence and mortality are based on cancer registries at the hospital level, hiding from view those who are not able to access specialized care, which is often centered in the major cities, like Dakha. As such, conclusions in this report that suggest the risk of developing cancer trends with increasing HDI, although firmly backed by the <i>available</i> data, need to be read with this important restriction in mind. In Georgia, the lack of a nationwide registry was recognized as a significant unmet need over a decade ago; and, in 2011, the Georgian government funded the <i>State Program of Modern Cancer Registry Implementation</i>. With significant support from the International Agency for Researc","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 3","pages":"224-226"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140346163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","authors":"Freddie Bray BSc, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Mathieu Laversanne MSc,&nbsp;Hyuna Sung PhD,&nbsp;Jacques Ferlay ME,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Siegel MPH,&nbsp;Isabelle Soerjomataram MD, MSc, PhD,&nbsp;Ahmedin Jemal DVM, PhD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21834","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21834","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents global cancer statistics by world region for the year 2022 based on updated estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). There were close to 20 million new cases of cancer in the year 2022 (including nonmelanoma skin cancers [NMSCs]) alongside 9.7 million deaths from cancer (including NMSC). The estimates suggest that approximately one in five men or women develop cancer in a lifetime, whereas around one in nine men and one in 12 women die from it. Lung cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 2022, responsible for almost 2.5 million new cases, or one in eight cancers worldwide (12.4% of all cancers globally), followed by cancers of the female breast (11.6%), colorectum (9.6%), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (4.9%). Lung cancer was also the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18.7%), followed by colorectal (9.3%), liver (7.8%), female breast (6.9%), and stomach (6.8%) cancers. Breast cancer and lung cancer were the most frequent cancers in women and men, respectively (both cases and deaths). Incidence rates (including NMSC) varied from four-fold to five-fold across world regions, from over 500 in Australia/New Zealand (507.9 per 100,000) to under 100 in Western Africa (97.1 per 100,000) among men, and from over 400 in Australia/New Zealand (410.5 per 100,000) to close to 100 in South-Central Asia (103.3 per 100,000) among women. The authors examine the geographic variability across 20 world regions for the 10 leading cancer types, discussing recent trends, the underlying determinants, and the prospects for global cancer prevention and control. With demographics-based predictions indicating that the number of new cases of cancer will reach 35 million by 2050, investments in prevention, including the targeting of key risk factors for cancer (including smoking, overweight and obesity, and infection), could avert millions of future cancer diagnoses and save many lives worldwide, bringing huge economic as well as societal dividends to countries over the forthcoming decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 3","pages":"229-263"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140346349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoreductive surgery, systemic treatment, genetic evaluation, and patient perspective in a young adult with metastatic renal cell carcinoma","authors":"Edouard H. Nicaise MD,&nbsp;Ahmet Yildirim MD,&nbsp;Swapnil Sheth BS, MS,&nbsp;Ellen Richter MD,&nbsp;Mani A. Daneshmand MD,&nbsp;Shishir K. Maithel MD,&nbsp;Kenneth Ogan MD,&nbsp;Mehmet A. Bilen MD,&nbsp;Viraj A. Master MD, PhD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21835","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21835","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A man aged 41 years who had a past medical history significant for bilateral lower extremity varicosities and a prior 20-pack-year smoking history reported several days of fatigue to his primary care physician. His family history was notable for metastatic kidney cancer in his father. On laboratory testing, he was anemic (hemoglobin, 11.2 g/dL), with iron studies suggestive of iron-deficiency anemia. He denied any melena, hematochezia, or hematuria and underwent a full workup, including colonoscopy and capsule endoscopy, which were negative for sources of occult bleeding. The patient eventually underwent computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, which demonstrated a large, heterogeneously enhancing right renal mass measuring 9.5 × 8.2 × 6.8 cm with tumor thrombus invasion of the right renal collecting system, right renal vein, and inferior vena cava (IVC) above the hepatic veins. In addition, there was a pulmonary nodule in the left lower lobe measuring 0.8 cm, which was believed to be concerning for metastatic disease and subcentimeter retroperitoneal lymph nodes. One month later, he proceeded with a CT-guided biopsy of the pulmonary nodule at an outside hospital, with pathology revealing metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The tumor cells were positive for PAX8 and CAIX and negative for TTF1, which were suggestive of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) histology. He proceeded with a fluorodeoxyglucose F18 positron emission tomography (PET) scan for further evaluation, which demonstrated abnormal uptake in the right renal mass, a soft tissue mass in the IVC, and several small pulmonary nodules in bilateral lower lobes. His Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0. The patient was started on nivolumab plus ipilimumab (3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg every 3 weeks, respectively), both of which are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), for intermediate-risk, metastatic RCC (according to the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium [IMDC] risk model) by an outside medical oncology team before presentation at Emory University Hospital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After completing four cycles of combination immunotherapy, the patient was re-evaluated for potential cytoreductive surgery. He underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis for presurgical planning, most importantly as it related to the extent of the caval thrombus. The right renal mass was unchanged in size (8.8 × 6.3 × 8.7 cm); however, there was progression of the IVC tumor thrombus up to the right atrium, along with multiple (&gt;10) new arterially enhancing lesions in the liver measuring up to 1.4 cm, compatible with metastasis (Figure 1). Transesophageal echocardiogram showed a large mass in the right atrium originating from the IVC; however, right ventricular size and function were normal, and the left ventricular ejection fraction was 60%.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In April 2023, after a multidisciplinary genitourinary tumor board, the consensus w","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 4","pages":"323-338"},"PeriodicalIF":503.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140346152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicancer detection tests: What we know and what we don’t know","authors":"Sam M. Hanash MD, PhD,&nbsp;Peter P. Yu MD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21836","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21836","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The concept of blood-based &lt;i&gt;multicancer early detection&lt;/i&gt; (MCED) tests has generated much excitement, in part because of the potential of such tests to reduce cancer mortality by encompassing cancers for which screening is currently not available. A review in this issue of &lt;i&gt;CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians&lt;/i&gt;, largely authored by members in the Division of Cancer Prevention at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), addresses the current status of the field.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; The authors convey a reluctance to refer to the field as MCED. In their view and that of others, the evidence to date does not support substantial performance in detecting cancer at an early stage.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Therefore, instead, they use the designation &lt;i&gt;multicancer detection&lt;/i&gt; (MCD) tests. The authors describe a strategy for MCD tests adopted by developers, consisting of first detecting a cancer signal based on shared biomarkers across cancer types, followed by assessment of the tissue of origin based on another set of biomarkers. The review includes a list of developers of MCD tests and the performance of tests for which data have become publicly available based on their positive and negative predictive values. The authors also provide details of the NCI Vanguard program aimed, in the short term, at testing the performance of MCD platforms they have selected among applicants and, in the longer term, at conducting prospective, randomized clinical studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although the review provides an assessment of the current status of the MCD/MCED field, there is much that we do not know and that remains to be determined. From an effectiveness point of view, the optimal number of cancer types to be included may be debated. Currently, screening is available in the United States for lung, breast, colon, cervical, and prostate cancers. Screening is also available for gastric cancer in Asian countries, where the incidence is high. Although MCD tests have the potential to encompass a much broader range of cancers, notably including cancers for which screening is not available, it is clear that a relatively small number of cancers account for the vast majority of cancer deaths. American Cancer Society cancer statistics 2024 data for US cancer mortality project that five cancer types account for greater than 50% of cancer deaths.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; For men, they include pancreas and hepatobiliary cancers and, for women, pancreas and ovarian cancers. Given that an MCD test may vary in its performance by cancer type in terms of sensitivity and specificity, overall test performance may degrade with attempts to universally cover a vast number of cancer types. Moreover, for common cancers for which screening strategies are recommended, should MCD tests result in improved positive predictive value of screening programs? For other malignancies, the underlying cancer biology or treatment approaches may obviate any benefit of an MCD test. For example, the ","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 4","pages":"339-340"},"PeriodicalIF":503.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer screening with multicancer detection tests: A translational science review","authors":"Wendy S. Rubinstein MD, PhD,&nbsp;Christos Patriotis PhD, MSc,&nbsp;Anthony Dickherber PhD,&nbsp;Paul K. J. Han MD, MA, MPH,&nbsp;Hormuzd A. Katki PhD,&nbsp;Elyse LeeVan MD, MPH,&nbsp;Paul F. Pinsky PhD,&nbsp;Philip C. Prorok PhD,&nbsp;Amanda L. Skarlupka PhD,&nbsp;Sarah M. Temkin MD,&nbsp;Philip E. Castle PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Lori M. Minasian MD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21833","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21833","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multicancer detection (MCD) tests use a single, easily obtainable biospecimen, such as blood, to screen for more than one cancer concurrently. MCD tests can potentially be used to improve early cancer detection, including cancers that currently lack effective screening methods. However, these tests have unknown and unquantified benefits and harms. MCD tests differ from conventional cancer screening tests in that the organ responsible for a positive test is unknown, and a broad diagnostic workup may be necessary to confirm the location and type of underlying cancer. Among two prospective studies involving greater than 16,000 individuals, MCD tests identified those who had some cancers without currently recommended screening tests, including pancreas, ovary, liver, uterus, small intestine, oropharyngeal, bone, thyroid, and hematologic malignancies, at early stages. Reported MCD test sensitivities range from 27% to 95% but differ by organ and are lower for early stage cancers, for which treatment toxicity would be lowest and the potential for cure might be highest. False reassurance from a negative MCD result may reduce screening adherence, risking a loss in proven public health benefits from standard-of-care screening. Prospective clinical trials are needed to address uncertainties about MCD accuracy to detect different cancers in asymptomatic individuals, whether these tests can detect cancer sufficiently early for effective treatment and mortality reduction, the degree to which these tests may contribute to cancer overdiagnosis and overtreatment, whether MCD tests work equally well across all populations, and the appropriate diagnostic evaluation and follow-up for patients with a positive test.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 4","pages":"368-382"},"PeriodicalIF":503.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study identifies risk factors that may lead to secondary cancers","authors":"Mike Fillon","doi":"10.3322/caac.21832","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21832","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A study using data from the Danish Cancer Registry has identified risk factors among cancer survivors that might help to prevent them from developing new primary cancers, which the study calls secondary cancers. The study also has investigated whether index and second cancers might be linked. The study, from the Danish Cancer Institute in Copenhagen, Denmark, appears in Lancet Oncology (doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00538-7).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although knowledge about risk factors for the development of a patient’s first cancer, including genetic, immune, and hormonal factors as well as environmental and lifestyle risks (including smoking and alcohol use), is advancing, whether or not these issues also lead to a different cancer diagnosis is understudied. The researchers, led by Trille Kristina Kjaer, PhD, wrote that this study “aimed to investigate absolute and relative incidence of second primary cancer and examine how common etiological exposures for the first cancer were associated with development of a second cancer.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study included a cohort of 457,334 patients across Denmark who were diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2014. Each patient included in the cohort was at least 40 years old. At the time of diagnosis, their year of diagnosis, cohabitation status, income, and comorbidity were also noted, as were their genders: 50.3% (230,150) were male, and 49.7% (227,184) were female. The median age at first primary cancer was 68.3 years. Follow-up for the patients lasted up to 24 years (up to December 31, 2020).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each patient had survived at for least 1 year after their primary cancer diagnosis had been received.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There were 27 cancer types included for both primary and secondary cancers; the relative risk of developing a new primary cancer during follow-up for the survivors was calculated with Cox proportional hazards regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dr Kjaer says that it is important to note that the study was conducted in a socialized medicine society where citizens have equal access to medical treatment. As for the make-up of the cohort, she adds, “The study includes only adult cancer patients as opposed to many other studies in this field that also include childhood cancer survivors or [feature] only childhood cancer survivors. Also, we were able to take into account the competing risk of death and adjust our results for important confounders such as socioeconomic status and comorbidity.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The researchers found that for all survivors, the incidence of a new primary cancer increased over time, from 6.3% 5 years after diagnosis to 10.5% at 10 years to 13.5% at 15 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Researchers found that survivors of liver, pancreatic, and lung cancer had the lowest 10-year cumulative incidence of a new primary cancer. Lung cancer was also noted to be the most frequent or second most frequent new cancer in survivors of seven of the 10 first primary cancer types associated with the highest incidence of a new cancer diagnosis","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 2","pages":"120-122"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is mandated genetic counseling needed?","authors":"Mike Fillon","doi":"10.3322/caac.21831","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21831","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;With genetic testing becoming more readily available for cancer prevention and surveillance, a new study investigated whether skipping counseling—either before or after testing—is any worse than requiring counseling for patients with a family history of cancer or those known to be at genetic risk for cancer. The results of Making Genetic Testing Accessible (MAGENTA), a four-armed randomized clinical trial, appear in &lt;i&gt;JAMA Oncology&lt;/i&gt; (doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.3748).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What prompted researchers from the University of Washington to investigate this issue was their recognition that there was low awareness of the necessity of genetic counseling in the testing process. According to the lead study author, Elizabeth Swisher, MD, a professor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and coleader of the Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research Program at the Fred Hutchinson/University of Washington Cancer Consortium in Seattle, Washington, the investigation sought to establish if skipping the standard counseling increased posttest distress and whether that would affect completing the testing process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to Dr Swisher, the researchers believe that MAGENTA is the first large randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of individualized preand posttest counseling for cancer risk assessment while providing electronic enrollment, remote testing, and counseling. “As a result, we hoped to identify more accessible options for patients to get cancer genetic risk assessments without negatively impacting their worries about cancer risk.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Study participants in all of the cohorts were found through social media and advertisements in traditional media outlets. All were enrolled between April 27, 2017, and September 29, 2020. The data analysis was performed between December 13, 2020, and May 31, 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Participants were limited to English-speaking female residents of the United States who were at least 30 years old and had a family or personal history of breast or ovarian cancer. Each had to have internet access and access to a licensed health care professional. Those who had previously undergone genetic counseling were not eligible. There was no financial incentive offered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The participants were assigned to either a family history cohort or a familial pathogenic variant (PV) cohort. The family history cohort included participants with a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer. To qualify for the PV cohort, participants needed a minimum of one biological relative with a PV in &lt;i&gt;BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, BARD1, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1,&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;PMS2&lt;/i&gt;. There were 3125 in the family history cohort and 714 in the familial PV cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The participants then watched a video about genetic testing, signed consent forms, and completed baseline questionnaires. Genetic counseling was provided by phone appointments, and testing was performed with home-delivered saliva kits. There were follow-up question","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 2","pages":"117-119"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Cancer statistics, 2024”","authors":"","doi":"10.3322/caac.21830","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This erratum corrects the following:</p><p>Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. <i>CA Cancer J Clin.</i> 2024;74(1):12-49. doi:10.3322/caac.21820</p><p>Multiple errors appear in Table 9. The first age column should be “1–19” (not “1–9” as originally published), and the second age column should be “20–39” (not “20–30”). Additionally, cancer was left off as the fourth leading cause of death among men aged 40–59 years.</p><p>The authors apologize for the oversight.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 2","pages":"203"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced oral cavity cancer","authors":"Dan Yaniv MD,&nbsp;Tanguy Y. Seiwert MD,&nbsp;Danielle N. Margalit MD, MPH,&nbsp;Michelle D. Williams MD,&nbsp;Carly E. A. Barbon PhD,&nbsp;Rene D. Largo MD,&nbsp;Jon A. Smith,&nbsp;Neil D. Gross MD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21829","DOIUrl":"10.3322/caac.21829","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tanguy Y. Seiwert reports personal/consulting fees from AstraZeneca, EISAI INC., Inate Pharma Inc., iTeos, Merck, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, and Vir; and service on a Data and Safety Monitoring Board at BioNTech outside the submitted work. Michelle D. Williams reports personal/consulting fees from Bayer Healthcare and support for other professional activities from Springer outside the submitted work. Neil D. Gross reports grants/contracts and personal/consulting fees from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.; personal/consulting fees from DragonFly Therapeutics Inc., Intuitive Surgical Inc., Merck, Replimune, and Sanofi/Genzyme US Companies; and support for other professional activities from PDS Biotechnology Corporation outside the submitted work. The remaining authors disclosed no conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"74 3","pages":"213-223"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139701330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}