CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians最新文献

{"title":"Magnetic resonance linear accelerator technology and adaptive radiation therapy: An overview for clinicians","authors":"William A. Hall MD,&nbsp;Eric Paulson PhD,&nbsp;X. Allen Li PhD,&nbsp;Beth Erickson MD,&nbsp;Christopher Schultz MD,&nbsp;Alison Tree MD,&nbsp;Musaddiq Awan MD,&nbsp;Daniel A. Low PhD,&nbsp;Brigid A. McDonald BS,&nbsp;Travis Salzillo PhD,&nbsp;Carri K. Glide-Hurst PhD,&nbsp;Amar U. Kishan MD,&nbsp;Clifton D. Fuller MD, PhD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21707","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiation therapy (RT) continues to play an important role in the treatment of cancer. Adaptive RT (ART) is a novel method through which RT treatments are evolving. With the ART approach, computed tomography or magnetic resonance (MR) images are obtained as part of the treatment delivery process. This enables the adaptation of the irradiated volume to account for changes in organ and/or tumor position, movement, size, or shape that may occur over the course of treatment. The advantages and challenges of ART maybe somewhat abstract to oncologists and clinicians outside of the specialty of radiation oncology. ART is positioned to affect many different types of cancer. There is a wide spectrum of hypothesized benefits, from small toxicity improvements to meaningful gains in overall survival. The use and application of this novel technology should be understood by the oncologic community at large, such that it can be appropriately contextualized within the landscape of cancer therapies. Likewise, the need to test these advances is pressing. MR-guided ART (MRgART) is an emerging, extended modality of ART that expands upon and further advances the capabilities of ART. MRgART presents unique opportunities to iteratively improve adaptive image guidance. However, although the MRgART adaptive process advances ART to previously unattained levels, it can be more expensive, time-consuming, and complex. In this review, the authors present an overview for clinicians describing the process of ART and specifically MRgART.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"72 1","pages":"34-56"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5706789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody–drug conjugates: Smart chemotherapy delivery across tumor histologies","authors":"Paolo Tarantino MD,&nbsp;Roberto Carmagnani Pestana MD,&nbsp;Chiara Corti MD,&nbsp;Shanu Modi MD,&nbsp;Aditya Bardia MD, MPH,&nbsp;Sara M. Tolaney MD, MPH,&nbsp;Javier Cortes MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jean-Charles Soria MD, PhD,&nbsp;Giuseppe Curigliano MD, PhD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21705","url":null,"abstract":"As distinct cancer biomarkers have been discovered in recent years, a need to reclassify tumors by more than their histology has been proposed, and therapies are now tailored to treat cancers based on specific molecular aberrations and immunologic markers. In fact, multiple histology‐agnostic therapies are currently adopted in clinical practice for treating patients regardless of their tumor site of origin. In parallel with this new model for drug development, in the past few years, several novel antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have been approved to treat solid tumors, benefiting from engineering improvements in the conjugation process and the introduction of novel linkers and payloads. With the recognition that numerous surface targets are expressed across various cancer histologies, alongside the remarkable activity of modern ADCs, this drug class has been increasingly evaluated as suitable for a histology‐agnostic expansion of indication. For illustration, the anti‐HER2 ADC trastuzumab deruxtecan has demonstrated compelling activity in HER2‐overexpressing breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer. Examples of additional novel and potentially histology‐agnostic ADC targets include trophoblast cell‐surface antigen 2 (Trop‐2) and nectin‐4, among others. In the current review article, the authors summarize the current approvals of ADCs by the US Food and Drug Administration focusing on solid tumors and discuss the challenges and opportunities posed by the multihistological expansion of ADCs.","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"72 2","pages":"165-182"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6230401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative oncology: Addressing the global challenges of cancer prevention and treatment","authors":"Jun J. Mao MD, MSCE,&nbsp;Geetha Gopalakrishna Pillai MD (AY),&nbsp;Carlos Jose Andrade MD,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Ligibel MD,&nbsp;Partha Basu MD, PhD,&nbsp;Lorenzo Cohen PhD,&nbsp;Ikhlas A. Khan PhD,&nbsp;Karen M. Mustian PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Rammanohar Puthiyedath MD (AY),&nbsp;Kartar Singh Dhiman MD (AY), PhD (AY),&nbsp;Lixing Lao MB, PhD,&nbsp;Ricardo Ghelman PhD,&nbsp;Paulo Cáceres Guido PharmD,&nbsp;Gabriel Lopez MD,&nbsp;Daniel F. Gallego-Perez MD, DrPH(c),&nbsp;Luis Alejandro Salicrup PhD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21706","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increase in cancer incidence and mortality is challenging current cancer care delivery globally, disproportionally affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) when it comes to receiving evidence-based cancer prevention, treatment, and palliative and survivorship care. Patients in LMICs often rely on <i>traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine</i> (TCIM) that is more familiar, less costly, and widely available. However, spheres of influence and tensions between conventional medicine and TCIM can further disrupt efforts in evidence-based cancer care. Integrative oncology provides a framework to research and integrate safe, effective TCIM alongside conventional cancer treatment and can help bridge health care gaps in delivering evidence-informed, patient-centered care. This growing field uses lifestyle modifications, mind and body therapies (eg, acupuncture, massage, meditation, and yoga), and natural products to improve symptom management and quality of life among patients with cancer. On the basis of this review of the global challenges of cancer control and the current status of integrative oncology, the authors recommend: 1) educating and integrating TCIM providers into the cancer control workforce to promote risk reduction and culturally salient healthy life styles; 2) developing and testing TCIM interventions to address cancer symptoms or treatment-related adverse effects (eg, pain, insomnia, fatigue); and 3) disseminating and implementing evidence-based TCIM interventions as part of comprehensive palliative and survivorship care so patients from all cultures can live with or beyond cancer with respect, dignity, and vitality. With conventional medicine and TCIM united under a cohesive framework, integrative oncology may provide citizens of the world with access to safe, effective, evidence-informed, and culturally sensitive cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"72 2","pages":"144-164"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6172139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The broadening scope of oral mucositis and oral ulcerative mucosal toxicities of anticancer therapies","authors":"Sharon Elad DMD, MSc,&nbsp;Noam Yarom DMD,&nbsp;Yehuda Zadik DMD, MHA,&nbsp;Michal Kuten-Shorrer DMD, DMSc,&nbsp;Stephen T. Sonis DMD, DMSc","doi":"10.3322/caac.21704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21704","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oral mucositis (OM) is a common, highly symptomatic complication of cancer therapy that affects patients' function, quality of life, and ability to tolerate treatment. In certain patients with cancer, OM is associated with increased mortality. Research on the management of OM is ongoing. Oral mucosal toxicities are also reported in targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. The objective of this article is to present current knowledge about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, assessment, risk prediction, and current and developing intervention strategies for OM and other ulcerative mucosal toxicities caused by both conventional and evolving forms of cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"72 1","pages":"57-77"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6104009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical care management of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy recipients","authors":"Alexander Shimabukuro-Vornhagen MD,&nbsp;Boris B?ll MD,&nbsp;Peter Schellongowski MD,&nbsp;Sandrine Valade MD,&nbsp;Victoria Metaxa MD, PhD,&nbsp;Elie Azoulay MD, PhD,&nbsp;Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon MD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21702","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a promising immunotherapeutic treatment concept that is changing the treatment approach to hematologic malignancies. The development of CAR T-cell therapy represents a prime example for the successful bench-to-bedside translation of advances in immunology and cellular therapy into clinical practice. The currently available CAR T-cell products have shown high response rates and long-term remissions in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and relapsed/refractory lymphoma. However, CAR T-cell therapy can induce severe life-threatening toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, or infection, which require rapid and aggressive medical treatment in the intensive care unit setting. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in the clinical management of severe life-threatening events in CAR T-cell recipients. Furthermore, key challenges that have to be overcome to maximize the safety of CAR T cells are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"72 1","pages":"78-93"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6108768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostate cancer nomenclature at diagnosis can affect treatment decisions","authors":"Mike Fillon","doi":"10.3322/caac.21700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21700","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When researchers asked study participants who were cancer-free to consider their reaction to a hypothetical diagnosis of low-grade prostate cancer with either a Gleason score (GS) of 6 out of 10 or an International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) GG of 1 out of 5, use of the latter terminology was associated with lower anxiety as well as a greater preference for active surveillance rather than unnecessary immediate treatment according to a new study published in <i>Cancer</i> (published online June 3, 2021. doi:10.1002/cncr.33621).</p><p>The ISUP introduced its prostate cancer GG system in 2014 as a replacement for the widely used, decades-old GS system. Nonetheless, some pathologists, urologists, and other clinicians still refer to a prostate cancer’s GS in pathology reports, in clinical notes, and in discussions with patients.</p><p>The original 1966 GS system ranked the microscopic appearance of the prostate on a scale of 2 to 10. However, by the year 2000, criteria for assigning a GS had changed so much that experts recommended never using a GS of 2, 3, or 4 in pathology reports of core biopsies (<i>Am J Surg Pathol</i>. 2000;24:477-478. doi:10.1097/00000478-200004000-00001), and even a GS of 5 was very uncommon for these specimens. This resulted in a situation in which a GS of 6 was often assumed to be on a scale of 1 to 10 (and, therefore, higher than “average”) when, in fact, 6 was essentially the lowest GS ever used for prostate biopsies.</p><p>It is widely agreed by clinicians that telling patients that they have a GS of 6 to describe their low-grade prostate cancer can be confusing and a barrier for patients to agree to active surveillance, says senior study author Shilajit D. Kundu, MD, chief of urologic oncology in the Department of Urology and associate professor of urology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, Illinois, but the term is still fairly common. “This issue is important because how you present a new cancer diagnosis is critical for the patient’s initial mindset,” says Dr. Kundu. “Even though the diagnosis is the same, because the [GS] number 6 [out of 10] is higher [than GG 1 out of 5], the diagnosis seems worse and can cloud a patient’s decisions, leading to unnecessary treatment out of fear.”</p><p>Another part of the study investigated the effect of removing the word <i>cancer</i> entirely for a malignant neoplasm diagnosis and instead opting for the term <i>IDLE</i>. “So, the purpose of this study was to assess how these 3 terms (Gleason, GG, and IDLE) impact patients and their clinicians,” adds Dr. Kundu.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"71 6","pages":"459-460"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6081342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual exercise regimens can help patients with cancer","authors":"Mike Fillon","doi":"10.3322/caac.21699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21699","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Social distancing due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced clinicians and their patients with cancer to adapt in numerous ways. A new study from the Wright State University Department of Kinesiology and Health and the Maple Tree Cancer Alliance, both in Dayton, Ohio, and the Department of Public Health Sciences at the Penn State College of Medicine in Hershey, Pennsylvania, investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of remote exercise programming in lieu of group programs. The findings, published in &lt;i&gt;Current Sports Medicine Reports&lt;/i&gt; (2021;20:271-276. 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000846), show benefits in physical and psychological outcomes, and the authors conclude that the remote intervention is a suitable option when in-person exercise training is not feasible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Researchers evaluated 491 patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment at Kettering Medical Center in Dayton, Ohio, between March and June 2020 who were enrolled in a cancer exercise program for people living with and beyond cancer that was provided at no cost through the nonprofit Maple Tree Cancer Alliance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Most of the participants (n = 423) were enrolled at the Maple Tree Cancer Alliance before the start of COVID-19–related social distancing. The remaining patients began the exercise program in a virtual format in March 2020. Their ages ranged from 14 to 83 years, with a mean age of 60 years. Eighty-four percent were female; 74.7% were White, 10.2% were African American, 3.9% were Hispanic, and 5.7% were Asian. The ethnicity of the rest was unknown. Most had breast (58.2%), colon (4.5%), prostate (2%), or lung cancer (3.9%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Researchers developed a virtual assessment for each patient to gauge his or her fitness after they investigated the availability of fitness equipment in each participant’s home. They then created an individualized exercise program focusing on individual patient goals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The patients provided demographic information and their medical history during the initial visit. They also completed a symptom checklist of 35 items to evaluate possible side effects of their cancer treatment. These included physiological items such as pain, coughing, and dizziness as well as emotional symptoms such as well-being and sadness, with participants rating each symptom from 0 (absent) to 10 (very severe). Then, participants met individually with an exercise oncology trainer in a virtual format. Each patient completed 12 weeks of prescribed, individualized exercise. The goal was for participants to complete 150 minutes of cardiovascular training per week, with each session’s duration being approximately 30 minutes; full-body strength training workouts (using free weights, elastic tubing, and/or body weight exercises, depending on availability) involving all major muscle groups; and flexibility training (static stretching). The exercise trainer met virtually with patients once per week but assigned homework to be active ","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"71 6","pages":"457-458"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6072890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer statistics for the US Hispanic/Latino population, 2021","authors":"Kimberly D. Miller MPH,&nbsp;Ana P. Ortiz PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Paulo S. Pinheiro MD, PhD,&nbsp;Priti Bandi PhD,&nbsp;Adair Minihan MPH,&nbsp;Hannah E. Fuchs BS,&nbsp;Dinorah Martinez Tyson PhD, MPH, MA,&nbsp;Guillermo Tortolero-Luna MD, PhD,&nbsp;Stacey A. Fedewa MPH,&nbsp;Ahmedin M. Jemal DVM, PhD,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Siegel MPH","doi":"10.3322/caac.21695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21695","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Hispanic/Latino population is the second largest racial/ethnic group in the continental United States and Hawaii, accounting for 18% (60.6 million) of the total population. An additional 3 million Hispanic Americans live in Puerto Rico. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer occurrence, risk factors, and screening for Hispanic individuals in the United States using the most recent population-based data. An estimated 176,600 new cancer cases and 46,500 cancer deaths will occur among Hispanic individuals in the continental United States and Hawaii in 2021. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Hispanic men and women had 25%-30% lower incidence (2014-2018) and mortality (2015-2019) rates for all cancers combined and lower rates for the most common cancers, although this gap is diminishing. For example, the colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rate ratio for Hispanic compared with NHW individuals narrowed from 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73-0.78) in 1995 to 0.91 (95% CI, 0.89-0.93) in 2018, reflecting delayed declines in CRC rates among Hispanic individuals in part because of slower uptake of screening. In contrast, Hispanic individuals have higher rates of infection-related cancers, including approximately two-fold higher incidence of liver and stomach cancer. Cervical cancer incidence is 32% higher among Hispanic women in the continental US and Hawaii and 78% higher among women in Puerto Rico compared to NHW women, yet is largely preventable through screening. Less access to care may be similarly reflected in the low prevalence of localized-stage breast cancer among Hispanic women, 59% versus 67% among NHW women. Evidence-based strategies for decreasing the cancer burden among the Hispanic population include the use of culturally appropriate lay health advisors and patient navigators and targeted, community-based intervention programs to facilitate access to screening and promote healthy behaviors. In addition, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer trends and disparities in the Hispanic population should be closely monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"71 6","pages":"466-487"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5740749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance in the patient with cancer: Escalating challenges and paths forward","authors":"Amila K. Nanayakkara PhD,&nbsp;Helen W. Boucher MD,&nbsp;Vance G. Fowler Jr MD, MHS,&nbsp;Amanda Jezek,&nbsp;Kevin Outterson JD, LLM,&nbsp;David E. Greenberg MD","doi":"10.3322/caac.21697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infection is the second leading cause of death in patients with cancer. Loss of efficacy in antibiotics due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent threat against the continuing success of cancer therapy. In this review, the authors focus on recent updates on the impact of antibiotic resistance in the cancer setting, particularly on the ESKAPE pathogens (<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Enterobacter spp</i>.). This review highlights the health and financial impact of antibiotic resistance in patients with cancer. Furthermore, the authors recommend measures to control the emergence of antibiotic resistance, highlighting the risk factors associated with cancer care. A lack of data in the etiology of infections, specifically in oncology patients in United States, is identified as a concern, and the authors advocate for a centralized and specialized surveillance system for patients with cancer to predict and prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Finding better ways to predict, prevent, and treat antibiotic-resistant infections will have a major positive impact on the care of those with cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"71 6","pages":"488-504"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5765833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical cancer prevention and control in women living with human immunodeficiency virus","authors":"Philip E. Castle PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Mark H. Einstein MD, MS,&nbsp;Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe MBBS, MPH, DrPH","doi":"10.3322/caac.21696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21696","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite being highly preventable, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and cause of cancer death in women globally. In low-income countries, cervical cancer is often the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are at a particularly high risk of cervical cancer because of an impaired immune response to human papillomavirus, the obligate cause of virtually all cervical cancers. Globally, approximately 1 in 20 cervical cancers is attributable to HIV; in sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 1 in 5 cervical cancers is due to HIV. Here, the authors provide a critical appraisal of the evidence to date on the impact of HIV disease on cervical cancer risk, describe key methodologic issues, and frame the key outstanding research questions, especially as they apply to ongoing global efforts for prevention and control of cervical cancer. Expanded efforts to integrate HIV care with cervical cancer prevention and control, and vice versa, could assist the global effort to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":137,"journal":{"name":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians","volume":"71 6","pages":"505-526"},"PeriodicalIF":254.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6175266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}