International Journal of Agriculture and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Foliar Fertilization of Dual-Labeled Organic and Inorganic N in Rice; Mechanisms of Transport and Assimilation","authors":"Zhaohui Zou","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1923","url":null,"abstract":"The absorption, transport, and assimilation mechanism of organic and inorganic nitrogen(N) in rice organs were analyzed by applying 13C-15N dual-labeled organic and inorganic N directly to the leaves of rice plants (variety: C Liangyou 266) at tillering stage based on isotope tracing. The findings suggest that the dry weight and N accumulation of various rice organs under glycine N and ammonium N treatments were significantly higher than other treatments; the dry weight and N accumulation in rice organs followed the pattern of “leaf > root > stem”, and there were no significant differences between control and nitrate N treatment. The 15N increments were detected in the roots, stems and leaves of all treatments, showing a certain pattern of “leaf > stem > root”; there were significant differences between the 15N increments of various organs (P < 0.01). The 13C increment/15N increment ratios of rice root, stem, leaf, and whole plant were 0.108, 0.158, 0.178, and 0.161 respectively. For rice plants treated by glycine N and ammonium N, the activity of GOT, GPT and GDH peaked in leaves, followed by stems and then roots; while the pattern of activity for GOT, GPT and GDH in the control (Ck) and nitrate N group was in following order “leaf > root > stem”. The results showed that rice leaves directly absorb and utilize molecular glycine and the absorption rate of glycine is significantly higher than ammonium N or nitrate N. Molecular organic N absorbed into rice leaves would be transported to roots; the transportability of N in rice plants ranked in descending order is as follows: amino acid N > ammonium N > nitrate N. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46830253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Bipolaris bicolor in Combination with Ametryn for Inhibition of Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotypes","authors":"M. Fakri","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1908","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal pathogens have been investigated previously for biological control of goosegrass (Eleusine indica), but there is little research on the compatibility of herbicides with fungal pathogen Bipolaris bicolor for control of glyphosate-resistant E. indica. The aims of this study were to 1) examine the in vitro compatibility of Bipolaris bicolor and three herbicides (ametryn, flumiozaxin and sodium chlorate) and 2) determine the efficacy of a combination of B. bicolor and ametryn for inhibiting glyphosate-resistant E. indica biotypes in the greenhouse. Mycelial growth inhibition area was measured after B. bicolor spores were treated with ametryn, flumiozaxin, or sodium chlorate at one-fifth of their recommended rates. The findings showed that ametryn had the lowest inhibitory effect (10%), while flumioxazin and sodium chlorate had 80 and 30% inhibition, respectively, indicating that ametryn is the most compatible herbicide with B. bicolor. E. indica seedlings were then subjected to four treatments, including non-treated plants, at the 3 to 4-leaf stage where T1: negative control plant, T2: one-fifteenth of the recommended dose of ametryn, T3: B. bicolor spore suspension and T4: ametryn plus B. bicolor spore suspension. B. bicolor in combination with ametryn was the most effective treatment for E. indica inhibition one week after treatment. The treatment reduced seedling height, leaf greenness and shoot dry weight by 50 to 94% and caused plant death seven days after treatment. These findings suggest that B. bicolor in combination with ametryn is a viable integrated strategy to control the glyphosate-resistant E. indica biotype. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49258108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Genomics, Production Potential and Usefulness of Camel as the Animal of Future","authors":"T. Hussain","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1916","url":null,"abstract":"Food security issues are persistently emerging in proportionate to the growth of human population. This scenario demands a search for alternate and development of new food sources. Camel can therefore be the best alternative and beneficial addition to food supply chain providing milk and meat for humans. It is an imperative component of desert ecosystem with much better feed conversion ratio. Hence in arid zones, it provides more milk and meat with less consumption of feed and fodder. Moreover, Heat Shock proteins present in camel serve as molecular chaperones and strengthen its resistance capability against hostile desert environment ultimately facilitating its survival. Distinctive nutritional value of its milk is thought to have therapeutic attributes. Furthermore, camel milk inherently possesses antimicrobial agents which promote its antiviral and antibacterial capacity. Its unique adaptability and superiority over other livestock has compelled scientists for the last few decades to explore its hidden potential. Its proper breeding and farming infrastructure, well backed by scientific advancements, does not exist which need to be essentially developed and established, the initiative not possible without collaborative research efforts. Under present conditions and keeping in view the requirements of the masses, the investigative work should focus on its therapeutic, biological, and functional properties instead of pursuing trivial aspects. Successful management and efficient handling of these researchable avenues can facility efficient utilization of this animal to meet the ever-increasing food demands of the masses. This review article will highlight its wonderful adaptive features, genetic make-up, usefulness at present, and its potential for future food security. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44634245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Breeding Potency of a Soybean Core Set","authors":"E. Vijayakumar","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1915","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-environment evaluation of a core set helps in the identification of trait-specific genetic stocks for further exploitation to sustain soybean productivity. TNAU soybean core set comprising of 50 soybean germplasm (thirty national and twenty international lines) was evaluated for variability pattern, trait association and adaptability using ten quantitative and twenty-one qualitative characters over environments, years and seasons to identify potential parents for utilization. Both quantitative and qualitative traits-based diversity analyses indicated the presence of adequate variability. The principal component analysis based on quantitative traits reduced the total variation into three major components (73.72%). Genotypes JS9305, JS(SH)99-02, IC16009 and TNAU20048 were tagged as highly divergent lines. Single plant yield (0.92) and number of pods per plant (0.92) contributed the maximum for the rotated PC1. The association analysis revealed that number of pods per plant (r = 0.88) and number of clusters per plant (r = 0.81) contributed significantly to the single plant yield. The qualitative cluster analysis divided the core set into eight clusters. A good variability was observed for plant type, pod color, seed coat color, and hilum color. In the validation experiments, a higher yield was witnessed in the hybridization involving distantly related accessions (14.1%) than the closely related parents (7.5%). It is concluded that the TNAU soybean core set has real breeding potency for future exploitation. The parents JS9305, JS(SH)99-02, IC16009 and TNAU20048 possessed a higher degree of divergence, heterosis with better adaptability and offers scope of breeding utility. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47508557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Frequency Direct Organogenesis from Cotyledonary Node Explants and Plantlet Regeneration of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Cultivars","authors":"Abraham Lamboro","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1906","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient plantlets regeneration of peanut is the most important and a primary step to successfully transform gene and apply recently developed genome editing techniques for crop yield improvement. The purpose of this research is to develop protocol for peanut cultivars applying different concentration of hormones for selected peanut cultivars and develop plantlets regeneration protocol. There is no previously reported protocol for the Chinese peanut cultivar N3 and Yu-hua-14. We optimized shoot and root regeneration protocol for two peanut cultivars. Both cultivars showed positive response for the cytokinin plant growth hormone 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ). The highest shooting rate (97%) was found in a medium supplemented with 4 mg/L BAP and (94.33%) for 1 mg/L TDZ. Hence, more shoot initiation was observed at higher concentration of BAP as compared to TDZ. However, the maximum root regeneration (81%) was found on medium containing 0.3 mg/L 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the highest rooting rate (96.33%) was found in a medium containing 1 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indicating lower concentration of NAA induce more rooting rate than 2,4-D treatment. In this study, cotyledonary node was used, and this method was found to be efficient and rapid for in vitro peanut regeneration. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67480261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation System of Amorpha fruticosa using Callus from the Cotyledonary Node","authors":"Yiteng Zhang","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1917","url":null,"abstract":"We used Agrobacterium-mediated infection of callus induced from the cotyledonary nodes of Amorpha fruticosa L. to study the β-glucuronidase gene (GUS)-integrated genetic transformation system. Transformed calluses were selected under 40 mg·L−1 kanamycin, differentiated into resistant adventitious buds, and developed into transformants. A single copy of gus was integrated in the genome of most T0 generation plants. Gus chemical staining analysis showed blue color in resistant calluses, adventitious buds, and the roots and leaves of transformed plants. This indicated gus overexpression driven by the 35S promotor and resultant β-glucuronidase activity. The genetic transformation system in this study could be used to study other functional genes of A. fruticosa and facilitate transgenic breeding for strain improvement. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67480351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interference of Herbicides in Association of Diazotrophic Bacterium Nitrospirillum amazonense and Sugarcane Pre-Sprouted Seedlings","authors":"Luana Carolina Gomes Jonck","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1914","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial inoculant containing cells of Nitrospirillum amazonense is a recent technology that has been used in association with pre-sprouted seedlings to sustainably increase the productivity of sugarcane. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity of the rhizobacterium N. amazonense to the herbicides imazapic and indaziflam and the effect of this inoculation and herbicide treatments on sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings. The In vitro sensitivity of the N. amazonense to the herbicides was assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration technique (first assay). In this research, we evaluated imazapic (200 g a.i. ha-1) and indaziflam (100 g a.i. ha-1) at five doses: recommended dose (1×D), twice the recommended dose (2×D), one and a half of the recommended dose (1.5×D), half the recommended dose (0.5×CD), a quarter of the recommended dose (0.25×CD) and control treatment. The sensitivity of N. amazonense to imazapic and indaziflam applied at commercial doses on autoclaved soil was assessed in the second assay. The bacterial population count was performed using the most probable number technique (McCrady Table). The third assay assessed five herbicide treatments (clomazone (720 g a.i. ha−1), imazapic (200 g a.i. ha−1), tebuthiuron (800 g a.i. ha−1), indaziflam (75 g a.i. ha−1), sulfentrazone (800 g a.i. ha−1) and control without herbicide) applied in pre-planting of pre-sprouted seedlings of the variety RB 966928 in the presence and absence of the inoculant N. amazonense. The results showed that the presence of indaziflam did not interfere with the In vitro growth of the bacterium N. amazonense, regardless of the dose. Imazapic caused significant inhibition of bacterial In vitro growth from the recommended dose (200 g a.i. ha-1). The N. amazonense count in the soil of treatments that received indaziflam and imazapic application did not differ compared to the soil without herbicide. The pre-sprouted seedlings of the variety RB966928 showed high sensitivity to the herbicide imazapic, regardless of N. amazonense inoculation. Clomazone, tebuthiuron, and sulfentrazone did not interfere with the growth-promoting effect of N. amazonense. The results showed that the recommended dose of the herbicides tested does not impair the growth promoting effect of N. amazonense, and the inoculation of the pre-sprouted seedlings does not alter their sensitivity to herbicides, although the selectivity of the seedlings is differential among herbicides. Therefore, it may be concluded that the combined use of these technologies is a viable alternative to increase sugarcane productivity in a more sustainable way. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46302269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Study of the Effects of Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Novaluron on Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"D. Khan","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1911","url":null,"abstract":"Earias vittella (F) is an important insect pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Pakistan. The current study was carried out to explore the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of novaluron on the life table parameters of the pest. Bioassays were performed to assess the sub-lethal concentrations (LC20 and LC50) of the novaluron and its effects on the demographic parameters of the E. vittella. Age-stage, two-sex life table theory was applied to interpret the data for population parameters of E. vitella. In the current study, the LC20 and LC50 were calculated as 2.224 ppm and 9.837 ppm, respectively. The results showed that in novaluron treated samples rates of all biological parameters decreased whereas the larval, pupal period and mean generation time were increased. The intrinsic rate of increase remained high in control as 0.166 d-1 in comparison with LC50 as 0.128 d-1. The net reproductive rate ranged from 94.542 offsprings per individual (control) to 61.228 offsprings per individual (LC50). Fecundity was dropped in insects treated with sub-lethal concentrations from 330.9 eggs per female (control) to 238.11 eggs per female (LC50). This study revealed that the sub-lethal concentrations of novaluron significantly decreased the biological rate of E. vitella under laboratory conditions and suggests that such doses should be practiced in the fields for proper integrated pest management strategies. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46340447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oak gall extract: Molecular docking of wound healing and control of the skin pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans","authors":"Shymaa A Elbuckley","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1912","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans are common pathogens causing some health problems, however, the increase of their resistance to variety of medications increases the demand of searching for new antimicrobial agents. In this regard, the crude extract of Quercus infectoria (QIE) was verified as active antimicrobial with MBC of 1 mg/mL and MFC 10 mg/mL against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. SEM imaging of QIE-Treated-S. aureus and C. albicans cells showed fully lysed shrunk pathogen cells after 12 h. QIE showed good efficacy as potent anti-S. aureus and anti-C. albicans agents using Extract-Treated Cotton-Textiles. QIE ointment formulation showed faster rate of wound and burn healing in mice, with skin tissue development, at the 5th day, as compared to untreated control. A high significant wound closure (from 10 to 0 mm) and burn healing (from 25 to 2.3 mm) occurred after 6 days of treatment. Molecular docking predicted that ten major components in QIE namely (G-gallayol, Isocryptomerin, 10.7-methyl-3-hydroxymethylene-4,5,6,7,8-pentahydrox-h-thalene, Syringic acid, Gallotannic acid, Tannic acid, Pentagalloylglucose 1,β-sitosterol, Methyl oleanate, and Amentoflavone hexamethyl ether) are highly integrated in healing by promoting cell proliferation, keratinocyte migration, inhibiting collagenase, converting prothrombin to thrombin, increasing collagens function, enhancing immunity and DNA repair enzymes, as well as reducing inflammation. The combination of more than one bioactive compound in the extract and their synergetic action recommend the usage of QIE as effective topical applications for healing and skin disinfection. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49349017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogically Well Characterized Bentonite Sources Controlled Aflatoxin Contamination in Poultry","authors":"Ahmad Masood Khan","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1921","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxin in poultry feed reduces production, and is a health hazard to the consumers. Its toxicity is reduced through addition of clays. Evaluation of the country’s bentonites may promote their use as toxin binder. After detailed mineralogical and aflatoxin adsorption characteristics of large number of indigenous quarries effectiveness of two bentonites was determined through feeding trial. Bentonites from Bhimber and Dina quarries were applied in three replications at 1 and 2% (w/w) with positive and negative controls to a feed containing 250 μg kg-1 aflatoxin B1. Ten birds initially fed on clean starter feed for two weeks, fed on the experimental feeds and slaughtered after recording live weight on day 35 and dress weight along with internal organs weight were recorded with any apparent disorders. While addition of the bentonites had no detrimental effect, aflatoxin contamination had the lowest body weight and weight gain rate, reduced feed intake and feed conversion ratio with apparent disordered liver. The live body weight and weight gain rate increased with 2% bentonite addition to the contaminated feed from both the sources and was statistically similar to the clean feed though the values for these parameters were highest when the addition was to the clean feed. A 42% reduction occurred in weight gain without smectite addition in the toxin feed. The toxin feed had the lowest absolute liver and heart weight with dark coloration. The bentonites use in feed industry may reduce aflatoxin incidences at the application rate of 2%. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44077634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}