{"title":"Confocal and SEM imaging to demonstrate food pathogen- biofilm biocontrol by pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa BTRY1","authors":"Laxmi Mohandas, T. Anju, S. Bhat","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"An assortment of redox-active phenazine compounds like pyocyanin with their characteristic blue-green colour are synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens , which are also considered one of the most commercially valuable microorganisms. In this study, pyocyanin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa BTRY1 from food sample was assessed for its antibiofilm activity by micro titer plate assay against strong biofilm producers belonging to the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium and Micrococcus. Pyocyanin inhibited biofilm activity in very minute concentrations. This was also confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Both SEM and CLSM helped to visualize the biocontrol of biofilm formation by eight pathogens. The imaging and quantification by CLSM also established the impact of pyocyanin on biofilm-biocontrol mainly in the food industry.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"54 1","pages":"5218-5223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79585105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jangandi, Chaitra B. Negalur, Narayan, H. Lakshman
{"title":"Synergistic effect between phosphate solubilizing bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and p uptake in Cajanus cajana L. (Pigeon pea)","authors":"S. Jangandi, Chaitra B. Negalur, Narayan, H. Lakshman","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of phosphate solubilizing bacterium ( Bacillus polymyxa ) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( Rhizophagus fasciculatus ) on growth and phosphorus uptake in Cajanus cajana were studied, in green house conditions. Experiments were carried out by using both sterilized and unsterilized garden soil (sandy loam). Mycorrhiza with P-solubilizing bacteria inoculated with sterilized soil produced significantly higher growth, dry matter and increase in nodule number and P uptake in shoot. Moderate or lower growth response was observed among the plants grown in unsterilized soil either PSB or AMF inoculation. On the contrary non-inoculated plants in sterilized garden soil did not showed meager growth and higher total P uptake. A synergistic effect was recorded with increased plant dry matter, nodule number and P uptake in the plants treated with both the inoculum and in sterilized soil.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"8 1","pages":"5211-5213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81061272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. K. Panigrahi, Annapurna Sahoo, S. Panda, S. Padhi
{"title":"A complex network of molecular events triggered upon environmental cues which decide the fate of gene expression: a review","authors":"G. K. Panigrahi, Annapurna Sahoo, S. Panda, S. Padhi","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Gene expression in eukaryotes depends on a web of events which are inter-related and tightly regulated. These key events can be broadly classified into post-transcriptional and post-translational processes. In general the post-transcriptional events include pre-mRNA processing (capping, splicing, polyadenylation), RNA stability, and translation as well as chromatin modifications through regulatory RNAs (miRNA, siRNAs and long non-coding RNAs). Protein phosphorylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation are a few post-translational events. These events are constitutitive as well as provoked by specific exogenous and/or endogenous stimuli. In case of the plant system, the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the gene expression is diverse and yet to be fully revealed. A lot of exogenous signals including abiotic stresses do decide the fate of a gene thus making the system more complex than the others. The molecular response of plants to abiotic stresses is more often considered as a complex process mainly based on strict modulation of post-transcriptional and post-translational events of stress-related genes. The network of post-transcriptional and post-translational events do ensure temporal and spatial suitable patterns of downstream stress-related gene expression. The current review mainly focus on a variety of molecular events which play a pivotal role in fine tuning the gene expression in eukaryotes.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"17 1","pages":"5185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87390033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)","authors":"Ilahi Shaik, P. Janakiram, L. Sujatha, S. Chandra","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"27 1","pages":"5179-5184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78029130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in equine cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique in horses: a review","authors":"R. Wakchaure, S. Ganguly","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"Cloning a horse means using the genetic material (DNA) from a donor horse to produce a genetically identical foal. This technique involves collecting the DNA from the donor and inserting that DNA into an egg from another mare whose, DNA content has been removed, fusing donor nucleus with enucleated recipient oocytes, which then develops as an embryo, in vitro culture of embryo and lastly transfer cultured embryo into the uterus of a recipient mare. The modification of the in vitro culture conditions which can be suitable for equine oocyte activation, oocyte maturation and embryo development are the fundamental steps for a successful in vitro procedure for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in the horse to avoid the embryo losses. In general, few studies are available in the literature on equine in vitro embryo production and it is only recently that reports have been published on completely in vitro production of equine preimplantation embryos by means of in vitro oocyte maturation The present review discusses the latest developments in the field of equine cloning technique with the employment of SCNT. The basic understanding of SCNT for in vitro culture conditions is relevant to the increased efficiency of cloning. The available genotype can be used by SCNT which can enhance the vigour of a particular infertile or low fertile animal to produce normal fertility.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"33 1","pages":"5124-5127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89383690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santosh Girani, Shidallingapa Zalki, Mahantesh G. Kavatekar, Ajay S. Shahapur, Vitthal K. Vijapure
{"title":"Development and characterization of ternary system for solubility enhancement of a second-generation COX-II inhibitor","authors":"Santosh Girani, Shidallingapa Zalki, Mahantesh G. Kavatekar, Ajay S. Shahapur, Vitthal K. Vijapure","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Etoricoxib is a highly selective COX-II inhibitor, used to treat pains of different etiologies. Etoricoxib has low aqueous solubility (201 µ g/ml) and high permeability and therefore classified as BCS class II drug. By formulating these drugs with cyclodextrins as inclusion complexes have shown to increase the bioavailability. Cyclodextrins when used as complexing agents, enhance the solubility of poor water soluble lipophilic drugs. The objective of the present work is to formulate Etoricoxib cyclodextrin complexes by using ternary systems as Citric acid, Tartaric acid and PVP K-30 in order to enhance solubility and evaluate the enhanced solubility by in-vitro dissolution.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"107 1","pages":"5163-5173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81224633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arup Giri, V. Bharti, Kunzes Angmo, Sahil Kalia, B. Kumar
{"title":"Fluoride induced oxidative stress, immune system and apoptosis in animals: a review","authors":"Arup Giri, V. Bharti, Kunzes Angmo, Sahil Kalia, B. Kumar","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Halfway through the twentieth century, fluoride piqued the interest of toxicologists due to its deleterious effects due to high concentrations in animals as well as in human populations suffering from several types of disorders and in in-vivo experimental models. Until the 1990s, the toxicity of fluoride was largely ignored due to its “good reputation” for preventing caries via topical application and in dental toothpaste. However, in the last decade, interest in its undesirable effects has resurfaced due to the awareness that this element interacts with cellular systems even at low doses. In recent years, several investigations demonstrated that fluoride can induce oxidative stress and modulate intracellular redox homoeostasis; lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl content, as well as alter gene expression and cause apoptosis. Genes modulated by fluoride include those related to the stress response, metabolic enzymes, the cell cycle, cell–cell communications and signal transduction. The primary purpose of this review is to examine recent findings on the effects of fluoride on oxidative stress, immune system and apoptosis in the animal as well as in human system.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"37 1","pages":"5174-5178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86341071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new paradigm of the en masse flowering in thorny bamboo","authors":"Vijai Malik","doi":"10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"The presented paper highlights the records and occurrences of flowering in Bambusa arundinacea . The flowering in this species is generally gregarious and was seen earlier during 1960s and recently in March 2016 in North West Uttar Pradesh.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"24 1","pages":"5143-5145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74565635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of complement component C3 level with bacterial infections in decompensated liver disease patients in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"R. Jayakumar, S. Banu, K. Venkatesh","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial infections are more common in decompensated liver disease patients with low level of complement component 3 and causes 30%-50% of deaths. Therefore, this study done to determine the various bacterial agents causing infections in decompensated liver disease patients and to estimate the level of C3 component of complement by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. A prospective study was conducted over a period of one year in Madras Medical College. Ascitic fluid, urine, sputum, wound swab blood and serum were collected. All the samples were processed through Gram’s stain and culture. The organisms were identified by standard protocols and antibiotic susceptibility testing and to correlate the bacterial infections with complement C3 level by ELISA. Out of 100 samples, culture positivity seen in 54[54%]. In 54 culture, positive isolates, 41(76%) were Gram Negative bacilli and 13 (24%) were Gram Positive cocci. Among Gram negative bacilli, Escherichia coli and in Gram positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolates. The most common infections were spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [29.6%] followed by urinary tract infections [26%], pneumonia [20.3%], Spontaneous bacteraemia [16.7%], and skin and soft-tissue infections [7.4%]. Out of 100patients, 66(66%) patients had low complement component C3 level. Of which 42(63.6%) patients were cultures positive and 24(36.4%) were culture negative. 34(34%) patients had normal complement component C3 level, of which 29 (85.3%) were culture negative and 5 (14.7%) were culture positive .","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"148 1","pages":"5128-5132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77365168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of portable hand rubbing sanitizers during Hajj-A pilot study","authors":"B. Mashat","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2016.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"Hands are the main pathways of germ transmission during Hajj. Hand hygiene results in the reduction of microorganisms on hands when performed regularly. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the using a portable hand rubbing sanitizers on reducing the amount of bacteria loads of hand during Hajj. Fifteen hajji participants volunteered to be a part of the Pilot Study. They were asked to rub their hands frequently during the study period. Their hands were tested and ATP levels were recorded before and after rubbing for three days. The results of the first day testing showed that ATP levels on the participants’ hands ranged from higher levels before rubbing and changed to a lower level after rubbing. The average readings of ATP before rubbing in the first, second and third day were of 312, 104 and 71 RLU while after rubbing the hands were 34, 26 and 8 RLU respectively. It was concluded that the using of portable hand rubbing dispensers significantly reduces the amount of bacteria, require less time, act more rapidly and therefore reducing the infection rates that can be spread throughout Hajj community.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"79 1","pages":"5134-5137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83761119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}