International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health最新文献

{"title":"Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction in a nationwide register-based cohort study.","authors":"Nikoline Leo Fleischer, Esben Meulengracht Flachs, Matthias Ketzel, Jørgen Brandt, Jibran Khan, Per Gustavsson, Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum, Morten Böttcher, Camilla Sandal Sejbaek, Jens Peter Bonde, Regitze Sølling Wils","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02198-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02198-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution at the residential address and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a younger working population. METHODS: The study population included all Danish residents aged 35–50 in 1995 with employment and no previous diagnosis of AMI. Information on AMI was obtained through national registries. We estimated the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), elemental carbon (EC) and primary organic aerosols (POA) from 1979 onwards based on the Danish integrated multi-scale air pollution modeling system. Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of AMI. RESULTS: 903,415 individuals were included in this cohort, covering almost 20 million person-years of follow-up between 1996 and 2018. In total 35,511 developed AMI. Our main analyses showed a clear exposure-response relationship between cumulative exposure to each of the air pollutants and incident AMI. Exposure was categorized into quartiles (Q1–Q4), with Q1 as reference. The most pronounced association was observed for PM2.5 with IRRs of 1.08 [95% CI 1.04,1.13], 1.14 [95% CI 1.09,1.20] and 1.24 [95% CI 1.18,1.31] in Q2–Q4 in model 4 (fully adjusted). The associations were observed for both sexes and across age groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, EC, and POA are associated with an increased risk of incident AMI, also pertaining to the younger population (< 55 years).</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 2","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating role of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in the association between individual-level noise exposure and liver enzymes in Chinese automotive manufacturing workers.","authors":"Sijia Ou, Jiaheng Yu, Zhaoqian Chen, Yanmei Ruan, Xing Rong, Zejin Ou, Yuxia Zhang, Haijuan Huang, Jiaxin Cui, Zhi Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02191-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02191-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited research has explored the relationship between occupational noise exposure and liver enzymes, particularly at the individual exposure level. This study examines the association between occupational noise exposure and liver enzyme levels and the mediating role of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 3,427 workers from two factories in Guangzhou, China. Cumulative noise exposure (CNE) was estimated based on noise levels and years of exposure. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were obtained from medical examinations. Linear and logistic regression models, along with subgroup and mediation analyses, were employed to assess the associations between CNE and liver enzyme levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative noise exposure (CNE) demonstrated a dose-response relationship with liver health indicators, with significant associations observed across different statistical models. Specifically, each 10 dB(A)-year increase in CNE was associated with a 2.10 U/L increase in ALT levels and a 26% higher risk of elevated ALT. Concurrently, categorical models revealed that workers in the highest CNE group had significantly increased risks of elevated ALT, AST, and GGT, with the most pronounced effect observed for AST. These associations were significantly strengthened by insufficient physical activity (P_{for interaction}<0.05). Notably, MAFLD mediated approximately 15-20% of the observed associations between CNE and liver enzymes (such as ALT and GGT).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Occupational noise exposure is positively associated with liver enzymes, with MAFLD as a partial mediator. Noise control measures and liver function monitoring may help mitigate liver dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 2","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does your job really matter? Job-specific cancer incidence among a cohort coal mine workers in Queensland, Australia.","authors":"Deborah Catherine Glass, Stella May Gwini, Anthony Del Monaco, Lin Fritschi, Michael J Abramson, Malcolm Ross Sim, Karen Walker-Bone","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02188-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02188-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Globally, coal production exposes millions of workers to coal mine dust. This study aimed to measure overall and site specific cancer incidence among coal mine workers (CMW) who performed different types of work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort of CMW in Queensland, Australia, was assembled using health assessment records from 1992. CMW were grouped by job type and then into Work Categories and linked to the Australian Cancer Database up to 2016. Standardized cancer incidence ratios (SIR) and relative cancer incidence ratios (aRIR) within the cohort, adjusted for age, era, and smoking status, were calculated for men and women with Poisson regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 5,568 cancers diagnosed among 146,553 men and 396 in 19,927 women. The overall cancer risk was comparable to that of the general population for most Work Categories. The risk of lung cancer was higher for male Production (SIR 123, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 107-142; adjusted Relative incidence Ratio (aRIR) (adjusted for era, age and smoking status) 1.23, 95%CI 0.99-1.52) and Construction workers (SIR 189, 95%CI 31-272; aRIR 1.78, 95%CI 1.20-2.62) when compared with the Australian population and within the cohort after adjusting for smoking. Laryngeal cancer was increased in Production workers (SIR 145, 95%CI 100-212).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased rates of lung and laryngeal cancers were identified for male Production workers and lung cancer for Construction workers. These could be related to mine workplace exposures such as silica and diesel engine exhaust.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12779655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job exposures, employer characteristics, and risk of reduced work capacity: a 10-year cohort study of Norwegian workers.","authors":"Julie Ulstein, Cedric Andersen Lyngroth, Åsmund Hermansen","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02195-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02195-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the impact of biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures on risk of reduced work capacity in a complete cohort of Norwegian workers, and examines whether this impact varies by employer sector, size, and organizational policies. METHODS: Using high-quality Norwegian registry data, we followed a cohort of workers from age 40 over a ten-year period. Biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures were estimated using two validated job exposure matrices. Individuals with a prior history of reduced work capacity were excluded to limit confounding. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we assessed the association between levels of job exposure and risk of reduced work capacity, including moderation analyses by employer characteristics. RESULTS: Both biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures were significantly associated with reduced work capacity, particularly among the top 60% of exposed workers. While employer size and organizational policies somewhat moderated this impact, their influence was inconsistent. Notably, policies aimed at retaining workers with reduced capacity did not appear to mitigate the impact of the job exposures, while there was no variation in impact according to employer sector. CONCLUSION: Biomechanical and psychosocial job exposures are associated with an increased risk of reduced work capacity, with some variation in impact according to employer characteristics. These results indicate the importance of exposure-reducing interventions in the workplace, especially in occupations with high levels of biomechanical and psychosocial exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12764626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat beyond percentiles: exploring preterm birth risks in Santiago, Chile (1991-2019).","authors":"Estela Blanco, José Daniel Conejeros, Álvaro González-Reyes, Paola Rubilar, Pablo Sarricolea, Pamela Smith","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02196-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02196-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship between extreme heat in the week and month before delivery and risk of preterm birth (< 37 weeks’ gestation) using secondary data from Santiago, Chile. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort design using secondary information from birth records (1991–2019) and limited analysis to births in spring/summer months (n = 957,734). Temperature percentiles and the excess heat factor (EHF) were calculated for each of the 33 urban municipalities in Santiago using historical data. We derived 15 distinct heatwave metrics by combining three durations (2, 3, and 4 consecutive days) with five temperature thresholds: temperatures > 30 °C, the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles, and EHF. For each municipality, exposure (Yes or No) was assigned for each of these metrics in the week and month prior to delivery. We estimated Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known confounders. RESULTS: Preterm birth occurred in 6% of births. There was spatial variability in extreme temperatures for the municipalities. Exposure to most heat wave metrics (≥ 2, ≥ 3, ≥ 4 days > 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile), did not relate to increased risk of preterm birth. Exposure to EHF for ≥ 2, ≥ 3, ≥ 4 days was associated with 1.02 (95% CI 1.00–1.04), 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.04), and 1.03 (95% CI 1.02–1.05), respectively. Exposure to ≥ 2, ≥ 3, ≥ 4 days of temperatures > 30 °C were associated with decreased hazards. CONCLUSION: We found evidence of increased risk of preterm birth, but only when evaluating exposure using EHF, a metric that considers acclimatization. Our results highlight the importance of understanding regional impacts of climate change on child health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health hazards of occupational exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) and the role of Vanin-1: a populational-based study.","authors":"Danhua Zhang, Xiaocui Tang, Xuebing Liu, Zixin He, Sihua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02190-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02190-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: Despite most enterprises adhering to regulatory limits for benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) exposure, growing evidence suggests that chronic, low-level exposure to these chemicals is associated with compromised antioxidant defenses. Vascular non-inflammatory molecule 1 (Vanin-1) plays a pivotal role in modulating oxidative stress. This study investigates the effect on hematological parameters and oxidative stress markers among occupationally exposed workers, focusing on Vanin-1 as a potential early oxidative damage biomarker. METHODS: A total of 300 participants (exposure group = 100, control group = 200) were recruited from three enterprises located in Henan Province, China. Demographic, occupational, and lifestyle data were collected through structured questionnaires, followed by comprehensive statistical analyses. RESULTS: The exposed group exhibited significantly lower white blood cell/neutrophil counts, along with higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration compared to the control group. Urinary metabolite S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) levels were significantly higher in the exposure group, and these levels exhibited a positive linear relationship with eosinophil percentage. Additionally, the exposed group had significantly reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, while oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were significantly elevated. Both Vanin-1 protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in the exposed group. Generalized linear model analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between S-PMA and malondialdehyde (MDA), while S-PMA was negatively correlated with Vanin-1 expression. Bootstrapping mediation showed Vanin-1 explained 10.6% of S-PMA on MDA. CONCLUSION: Vanin-1 appears to be a potential biomarker for detecting early oxidative damage resulting from low-level BTX exposure. These findings provide a scientific basis for safeguarding worker health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145819377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between occupational stress responses and cardiovascular disease incidence in middle-aged Japanese: findings from the Aichi workers' cohort study.","authors":"Zean Song, Midori Takada, Young-Jae Hong, Baruck Tegegn Endale, Nanami Nishio, Misuzu Horikoshi, May Thet Khine, Masaaki Matsunaga, Yupeng He, Atsuhiko Ota, Rei Otsuka, Koji Tamakoshi, Hiroshi Yatsuya","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02189-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02189-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between occupational stress responses indicated by fatigue and nonspecific physical complaints and the incidence of subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in middle-aged Japanese workers. METHODS: A cohort of 4,820 Japanese workers (3876 men and 944 women) aged 35–65 years was followed up from 2007 to March 2022 for CVD incidence. Fatigue and nonspecific physical complaints were evaluated using the 57-item Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, and each was categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for stress responses to CVD were estimated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, sleep duration, working hours, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and histories of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, night shift and job type. RESULTS: During the median follow-up of 13.7 years, 116 patients with CVD were identified. The presence of fatigue was independently associated with CVD incidence (HR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.05–4.94). Similarly, the presence of nonspecific physical complaints was significantly associated with CVD incidence (HR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.43–4.52). The sex-stratified analysis showed consistent results in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that fatigue and nonspecific physical complaints may serve as early indicators of CVD risk among middle-aged Japanese male workers. Incorporating routine assessment of these stress responses into workplace health screening could facilitate targeted prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145819310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between pesticide exposure and breast cancer risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yuchao Sang, Dongqin Huang, Xintan Chen, Xinjian Lin, Mingmei Li, Chengwei Xie, Yuchao Su, Baojia Chen, Nanping Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02192-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02192-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several observational studies have suggested a link between pesticide exposure and breast cancer, but the causal relationship remains debated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore the potential causal link between pesticide exposure and breast cancer risk. Genetic instruments for pesticide exposure were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 88,141 participants. Breast cancer data was sourced from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. The primary MR analysis was conducted using the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, supplemented with additional sensitivity analyses to ensure result validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IVW analysis demonstrated strong statistical evidence supporting a causal relationship between pesticide exposure and breast cancer risk (Overall breast cancer: OR = 3.213, 95% CI = 1.326-7.785, p = 0.010; ER + breast cancer: OR = 3.963, 95% CI = 1.258-12.480, p = 0.019; ER - breast cancer: OR = 6.886, 95% CI = 1.490-31.825, p = 0.013). These findings were reinforced by two additional MR analysis methods and further sensitivity testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this MR study suggest that pesticide exposure may contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical evaluation of the impact of formaldehyde exposure on general health and sleep quality: the moderating role of physical activity.","authors":"Zabiholah Damiri, Reza Pourbabaki, Kimia Mohammadi, Hadis Rakhshan, Reza Tahmasebi","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02197-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02197-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: Formaldehyde is a recognized carcinogenic and respiratory irritant. This study explores its associations with psychological distress and sleep quality in occupational settings and examines the potential moderating role of physical activity. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of 404 full-time workers across three occupational groups (pathology laboratory technicians, poultry farm workers, and formaldehyde-production facility staff), personal air sampling was conducted over eight hours to measure formaldehyde concentrations (NIOSH Method 3500). Psychological distress was assessed using the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and physical activity levels were determined by the short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Spearman rank correlations, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and linear regression analyses adjusting for demographic and occupational factors were used to examine exposure–response relationships and to test the moderating effect of physical activity. RESULTS: Median formaldehyde TWA concentrations were highest in the production facility (p < 0.001). Higher exposure was significantly associated with increased GHQ-28 scores in unadjusted (β = 1.945 per 0.1 ppm; p < 0.001; R2 = 0.14) and adjusted models (β = 1.687; p < 0.001). While unadjusted analysis indicated a small effect on PSQI (β = 0.312; p = 0.036), this relationship did not persist after covariate adjustment. Physical activity showed a modest inverse association with GHQ-28 (ρ = − 0.110; p = 0.032) but did not significantly moderate the impact of formaldehyde on distress or sleep (interaction p > 0.15). CONCLUSION: Occupational formaldehyde exposure is associated with increased psychological distress, with minimal impact on sleep quality. These findings support the inclusion of neurobehavioral endpoints in occupational exposure guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":"99 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145810147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide exposure and health risk assessment in Durian farmers from Southern of Thailand.","authors":"Pattama Senthong, Sivasit Wittayasilp","doi":"10.1007/s00420-025-02174-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00420-025-02174-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to quantify pesticide concentrations in personal air samples during durian pesticide spraying, assess the associated health risks, and examine the relationships among exposure levels, reported health symptoms, and blood acetylcholinesterase levels in durian farmers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among durian farmers in the southern region of Thailand. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on general information, pesticide use and self-protection behaviors, and health effects related to pesticide exposure. Personal air sampling was conducted using OSHA Versatile Sampler (OVS) tubes, and pesticide concentrations were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and associations between variables were assessed using the Chi-square test at a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of farmers were male (73.2%) and had 1-5 years of pesticide spraying experience (56.1%). Most of them (97.6%) had normal and safe blood acetylcholinesterase levels. After pesticide exposure, the most commonly reported symptoms were nose burning (52.4%), conjunctivitis/eye burning/ocular pruritus (13.4%), sore or dry throat (12.2%), and dizziness or headache (12.2%). Four pesticides were detected with concentrations exceeding the standard limits, including chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, diazinon, and fenobucarb. In contrast, four pesticides were found with concentrations below the standard limits, namely metalaxyl, buprofezin, difenoconazole, and azoxystrobin. Most pesticides had hazard quotient (HQ) values less than 1, except for dichlorvos. A statistically significant association was observed between chlorpyrifos concentrations and abnormalities in all body systems except the musculoskeletal system. Additionally, chlorpyrifos concentration was significantly associated with blood acetylcholinesterase levels. The use of personal protective equipment also showed a statistically significant association with acetylcholinesterase levels in the blood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Government authorities should regulate and monitor pesticide use among durian farmers to ensure it does not exceed safety standards and should develop occupational health and safety plans to protect farmers in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13761,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","volume":" ","pages":"821-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145299996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}