International Journal for Equity in Health最新文献

{"title":"Health economics assessment of statin therapy initiation thresholds for atherosclerosis prevention in China: a cost-effectiveness analysis.","authors":"Tianyu Feng, Xiaolin Zhang, Jiaying Xu, Shang Gao, Xihe Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12939-025-02391-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-025-02391-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent updates to the Chinese guidelines for dyslipidemia management have reduced the 10-year risk threshold for starting statins in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic heart disease. This study aims to evaluate the potential negative effects of different statin initiation thresholds on diabetes risk in the Chinese population, while also analyzing their health economic implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>I We developed a microsimulation model based on event probabilities to assess the cost-effectiveness of statin therapy. The model utilized the China-PAR prediction tool for ASCVD risk and incorporated data from a nationally representative survey and published meta-analyses of middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations. Four strategies were evaluated: a 7.5% 10-year risk threshold, the current guideline strategy, and a 15% threshold. For each strategy, we calculated the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) to gain insights into the economic impact of each approach.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The incremental cost per QALY for the 10% 10-year risk threshold strategy, compared to the untreated, was $52,218.75. The incremental cost per QALY for the guideline strategy, compared to the 7.5% 10-year risk threshold strategy, was $464,614.36. These results were robust in most sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maintaining the recommended thresholds outlined in the current guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia may represent a cost-effective option for China at present. Variations in statin prices and the risk of statin-induced diabetes have significant impacts on the cost-effectiveness outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual well-being and national determinants of screening mammography among women over fifty.","authors":"Boaz Hovav, Shuli Brammli-Greenberg","doi":"10.1186/s12939-025-02389-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-025-02389-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, causing over 400,000 cases of premature death annually. Timely screening mammography (SM) could have prevented most death. Although SM utilization varies across countries, few studies have examined country-level factors, and fewer explored their interaction with individual-level factors. The study aims to analyze individual and country-level variables and their interaction that determines SM utilization and variation between countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual, country, and cross-level models are used to analyze the cross-sectional data from the SHARE database for 26,672 women aged 50 or over, from 27 countries. Key individual variables investigated include quality-of-life (QOL), psychological, and subjective-health status. Country-level variable included government health expenditure (GHE) percentage of GDP, and organized screening programs. Models were adjusted for individual variables such as age and education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-reported SM utilization varied from 5 to 67% in the countries examined. On the individual level, higher QOL, psychological, and subjective health status positively correlated with SM utilization, as did GHE and organized programs on the country-level. Surprisingly, the interaction between individual and country-level variables shows that while SM utilization positively correlates with higher psychological and subjective health status in high-GHE countries, it negatively correlates in low-GHE countries, and only weakly positive correlates in mid-level GHE countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Better individual well-being, both physical and psychological, increased SM utilization, as did higher GHE and countrywide SM programs. The negative correlations in low-GHE countries and positive correlations in high-GHE countries underscores disparities that need to be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social determinants of occupational injuries among US-based commercial fishermen: a systematic review.","authors":"Shannon Guillot-Wright, Leonard Kuan-Pei Wang, Bibiana Toro Figueira, Mary Overcash Jones, Ruhi Maredia, Nikhita Kichili","doi":"10.1186/s12939-024-02363-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-024-02363-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Commercial fishing is a multibillion-dollar industry that supports job growth, small- to large- businesses, and port and city revenue. The commercial fishing industry continues to be one of the most dangerous in the US, with a fatality rate nearly 40 times higher than the national average. Dangers of the fishing industry are multi-faceted and include hazardous working conditions, strenuous labor, long work hours, and harsh weather. Moreover, a vast majority of fishermen suffer from economic insecurity, including safe and affordable housing and food insecurity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We followed the recommendations and standards set by the Campbell and Cochrane Equity Methods Group and the Measurement and Evidence Knowledge Network. The review covered 1992-2022 to assess the state of research and to identify new barriers of and facilitators to injury prevention among commercial fishermen using a social determinants of health lens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 292 articles identified, 27 studies met our inclusion criteria. Out of 27 articles reviewed, social determinants of health factors included the built environment, social & community factors, economic stability, health care access, and educational attainment. A major finding was the inability for fishermen to access primary care services, which was often rooted in being a low-wage, im/migrant, or transient worker, and can further escalate injuries. A secondary finding related to injury was a feedback loop where fishermen's unsafe environments led to a culture of accepting risk and downplaying injury, which further created unsafe environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our review shows how injury is connected to social factors, such as a lack of health care access, as well as political-economic factors, such as a lack of sick leave benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of care guilt on the health status of female medical staff: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jia Xu, Chun Xia","doi":"10.1186/s12939-024-02369-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-024-02369-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, we explored changes to female medical staff's health status under the influence of care guilt in the process of balancing work and family care responsibilities. The mediating role of time pressure within this nexus was examined, and an ideal concept derived from the Confucian cultural context, \"Zhong-yong,\" was investigated as a moderator of the impact of care guilt on health status.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A questionnaire survey of 407 full-time female medical staff with family care needs, recruited using convenience sampling from eight hospitals in China, was conducted. The survey tools comprised the Relationship Guilt Scale, Dapkus' time pressure scale, Zhong-yong scale, and Self-rated health status scale. A moderated mediation model was established to test the hypotheses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Care guilt had a significant negative impact on health condition after controlling for variables such as age, educational level, and professional position. Time pressure mediated the association between care guilt and health status. Zhong-yong levels moderated the effects of care guilt on time pressure and had a direct effect on health condition. Care guilt weakened health condition, partly through the experience of time pressure. However, low levels of Zhong-yong predicted a greater negative impact of care guilt on health condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Female medical staff require a comprehensive approach to balancing their work and family responsibilities to mitigate their experience of guilt and poor health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wealth-based inequality in underweight among Scheduled Tribe women in India: a regional analysis.","authors":"Anshika Singh, Aditya Singh, Mahashweta Chakrabarty, Shivani Singh, Pooja Tripathi","doi":"10.1186/s12939-025-02392-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-025-02392-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite widespread undernutrition among tribal women, there is limited understanding of wealth-based disparities in underweight within this group and how these inequities have changed over time across different regions of India. This study aims to explore trends and patterns of wealth-based inequalities in underweight prevalence among Scheduled Tribe (ST) women across various regions of India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analysed data from the fourth and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey, covering 113,549 and 121,326 non-pregnant ST women aged 15-49, respectively. Wealth-based inequality in underweight was assessed using the Erreygers normalized concentration index (ECI), while predicted probabilities of underweight, adjusted for relevant variables, were calculated using binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between 2015-16 and 2019-21, underweight prevalence among ST women in India decreased from 31.7 to 25.5%, with all regions showing declines. The northern region witnessed the largest drop (20.1-9.8%), followed by the western region (38.7-30.0%) and eastern-central region. The northeastern region that had consistently low underweight prevalence witnessed minimal change over the study period. Wealth inequality, as measured by the ECI, slightly decreased over the study period, from - 0.177 in 2015-16 to -0.134 in 2019-21. However, the reduction in ECI varied significantly across regions. The northern region experienced the most significant reduction in wealth inequality, with a decrease of -0.145 ECI points. In comparison, the western, southern, eastern-central regions exhibited more modest reductions of -0.036, -0.027, and - 0.028 ECI points, respectively. The northeastern region, characterized by initially lower levels of inequality, demonstrated no change in its ECI over the study period. The predicted probabilities from the pooled logistic regression analysis indicated a decline in inequality over the study period. This reduction was primarily driven by significant decreases in underweight prevalence among the poorer and poorest wealth quintiles. Notably, the northern, western, eastern-central, and southern regions experienced the most pronounced improvements in underweight prevalence among these lower wealth groups. Despite overall progress, wealth-based inequality in underweight persisted, especially in the western, southern, and eastern-central regions, where the 2019-21 ECI remained more than - 0.10.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite progress in reducing underweight among ST women in India, regional disparities and wealth-based inequality in underweight persist. Policies should focus on targeted, region-specific interventions that prioritize economically disadvantaged women, reduce inequality, and improve access to nutrition and healthcare, particularly in the western, southern, and eastern-central regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Inequity in Access to Medical and Long-Term Care Among Older People.","authors":"Shohei Okamoto, Atsuhiro Yamada, Erika Kobayashi, Jersey Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12939-024-02345-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-024-02345-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ensuring equitable access to medical and long-term care (LTC) is critical to enable older people to maintain their health and well-being even after they undergo a decline in their intrinsic capacity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from five waves of the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly, conducted between 2002 and 2021, to assess gradients in access to medical care and LTC by income and education among Japanese individuals aged 60 years and above. Specifically, we assessed self-reported unmet needs for medical care and LTC, and public LTC use, and estimated the concentration indices (CI) to evaluate the degree of inequality and inequity. We standardised public LTC use by need and non-need variables. We analysed data derived from up to 1,775 person-wave observations from 1,370 individuals.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The pooled incidence across waves of forgone medical care, self-reported unmet support for activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental ADL (IADL), and those not certified for LTC services even with ADL or IADL limitations were 4.6%, 15.5%, and 62.5%, respectively. Public LTC use demonstrated pro-higher education and pro-rich distribution, whereas the gaps decreased for need-predicted use. Based on the CI estimates, no explicit inequality was found for forgone medical care. However, we observed inequity in standardised LTC use across education, indicating pro-higher education inequality, particularly among women and those aged ≥ 80 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improving the understanding of available resources and strengthening the functions of health centres and communities are required to detect the needs of citizens and facilitate their access to necessary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic disparities in access to COVID-19 clinical trial sites across the United States: a geospatial analysis.","authors":"Raphael Cuomo, Tiana McMann, Qing Xu, Zhuoran Li, Joshua Yang, Julie Hsieh, Christine Lee, Milena Lolic, Richardae Araojo, Tim Mackey","doi":"10.1186/s12939-024-02360-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-024-02360-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, underserved populations, such as racial and ethnic minority communities, were disproportionately impacted by illness and death. Ensuring people from diverse backgrounds have the ability to participate in clinical trials is key to advancing health equity. We sought to analyze the spatial variability in locations of COVID-19 trials sites and to test associations with demographic correlates. All available and searchable COVID-19 studies listed on ClinicalTrials.gov until 04/04/2022 and conducted in the United States were extracted at the trial-level, and locations were geocoded using the Microsoft Bing API. Publicly available demographic data were available at the county level for national analysis and the census tract level for local analysis. Independent variables included eight racial and ethnic covariates, both sexes, and twelve age categories, all of which were population-normalized. The county-level, population-normalized count of study site locations, by type, was used as the outcome for national analysis, thereby enabling the determination of demographic associations with geospatial availability to enroll as a participant in a COVID-19 study. Z-scores of the Getis-Ord Gi statistic were used as the outcome for local analysis in order to account for areas close to those with clinical study sites. For both national (p < 0.001) and local analysis (p = 0.006 for Los Angeles, p = 0.030 for New York), areas with greater proportions of men had significantly fewer studies. Sites were more likely to be found in counties with higher proportions of Asian (p < 0.001) and American Indian or Alaska Native residents (p < 0.001). Areas with greater concentrations of Black or African American residents had significantly lower concentrations of observational (p < 0.001) and government-sponsored COVID-19 studies (p = 0.003) in national analysis and significantly fewer concentrations of study sites in both Los Angeles (p < 0.001) and New York (p = 0.007). Though there appear to be a large number of COVID-19 studies that commenced in the US, they are distributed unevenly, both nationally and locally.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We cannot repeat history again: a call to action to centre indigenous leadership as we prepare for the next pandemic.","authors":"Kristy Crooks, Fatima Ahmed, Eric N Liberda, Peter D Massey, Kylie Taylor, Elizabeth Harwood, Celine Sutherland, Gisele Kataquapit, Katrina Clark, Nicholas D Spence, Robert J Moriarity, Hannah Briggs, Leonard J S Tsuji, Nadia A Charania","doi":"10.1186/s12939-025-02387-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-025-02387-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indigenous communities worldwide continue to disproportionately bear the burden during pandemics due to ongoing health inequities and systemic exclusion from pandemic decision-making processes. As the global community prepares for the next pandemic, it is critical to prioritise Indigenous leadership and governance within public health responses. This commentary highlights successful models of Indigenous-led pandemic responses during COVID-19 in Canada and Australia. It introduces the EPIC (Equity, Partnerships, Intelligences, and Change) framework, that emphasises equity, leadership and local and cultural intelligence as critical components to improve pandemic preparedness and response for Indigenous communities. This international collaboration calls on governments and health authorities to uphold Indigenous sovereignty, self-determination, and leadership in pandemic planning and response efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving diagnostics and surveillance of malaria among displaced people in Africa.","authors":"Toufik Abdul-Rahman, Oyinbolaji Akinwande Ajetunmobi, Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade, Innocent Ayesiga, Muhammad Hamza Shah, Tolulope Sharon Rumide, Abdurahman Babatunde Adesina, Ganiyat Adekemi Adeshina, Oluwabusola Elizabeth Oni, Bet-Ini Nsikak Christian, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Hala Ibrahim Thaalibi, Iman Mustafa Abdalla, Sewar Basheer Banimusa, Justice Ndubuisi Jonathan, Isreal Ayobami Onifade, Md Ariful Haque","doi":"10.1186/s12939-025-02378-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-025-02378-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African communities that have been forced to leave their homes experience a considerably greater susceptibility to malaria as a result of densely populated living conditions, restricted availability of healthcare, and environmental influences. Internally displaced individuals frequently live in large settlements with restricted availability to drinking water, essential sanitation, and medical services, intensifying the spread of malaria. As a result, the occurrence of malaria is significantly more common among refugees and internally displaced individuals compared to those who are not displaced. This leads to greater rates of illness and death, especially among young people. Insufficient monitoring worsens the condition, leading to delayed identification and medical intervention, and contributing to a higher incidence of severe malaria and deaths. Furthermore, these communities are faced with economic consequences that contribute to the continuation of poverty and the worsening of socio-economic inequalities. Furthermore, the psychological impact of malaria, which is marked by feelings of anxiety and uncertainty, is particularly severe in vulnerable populations such as displaced children and pregnant women, aggravating the overall burden. Hence, addressing malaria in displaced populations in Africa requires comprehensive and well-coordinated strategies. Advanced diagnostic and surveillance technologies are essential for promptly identifying and treating malaria, providing chances to monitor and control its spread effectively. Collaboration among healthcare, policy, and humanitarian sectors is crucial for implementing comprehensive solutions that incorporate enhanced diagnostics, surveillance, and socio-psychological support. Active involvement of the community, usage of Community Health Workers, and regular collection of surveillance data are crucial in increasing awareness, directing control efforts, and tackling the specific difficulties encountered by displaced groups. Moreover, the implementation of environmental management, the incorporation of health services, and the utilization of adaptable healthcare interventions are essential for reducing the effects of malaria. To mitigate the impact of malaria and improve health outcomes among displaced populations in Africa, it is crucial to focus on these specific areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and community health workers: a scoping review.","authors":"Carole Bandiera, Sabuj Kanti Mistry, Elizabeth Harris, Mark F Harris, Parisa Aslani","doi":"10.1186/s12939-025-02377-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12939-025-02377-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Community health workers (CHWs) help bridge the cultural gap between health services and the communities they serve. CHWs work with physicians, nurses and social workers, but little is known about their collaboration with pharmacists. This scoping review aims to describe the interprofessional collaboration between CHWs and pharmacists, the types of interventions they deliver and CHWs' and pharmacists' specific roles within these interventions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The scientific literature published in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL and the grey literature were searched. Inclusion criteria were that the research (i) involved pharmacists and CHWs working collaboratively and (ii) included an intervention, service or program. One researcher screened all articles, and two reviewers screened 6% of articles (20/340) assessed for eligibility, using the software Covidence. After the discrepancies were resolved, data from the included articles were extracted using a customized template for data extraction and synthesized narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were conducted in the USA (14/18) and were published since 2020 (12/18). Most interventions involved medication reviews, support for medication adherence, disease prevention or addressing the social determinants of health. Pharmacists had primarily clinical roles (i.e., medication reconciliation and patient education), while the CHWs' roles consisted of collecting patient information, supporting patient self-management, bridging the cultural gap by translating information in the patient's language and ensuring patient follow-up. The collaborative practice occurred via interprofessional referral, ranging from the CHW facilitating the link between the patient and the pharmacist, and information sharing between the CHW and the pharmacist, to an interprofessional collaborative practice where CHWs and pharmacists delivered the intervention together.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While CHWs and pharmacists had independent roles as part of the interventions, they also collaborated at various levels to deliver services to patients. CHWs have an important role to play in bridging the cultural gap between the patient and the pharmacist, in improving patient referral so that more patients can benefit from pharmaceutical services, and in identifying patients' social determinants of health. CHWs and pharmacists can work synergistically and collaboratively to tailor an intervention to the patient's needs, which can improve and optimize pharmaceutical services, and may ultimately positively impact health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13745,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}