International journal for parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies for specific detection of Nosema ceranae and Nosema apis in beehive samples","authors":"Fernando Izquierdo ,&nbsp;Carmen Fernández Vadillo ,&nbsp;Soledad Fenoy ,&nbsp;Carolina Hurtado-Marcos ,&nbsp;Angela Magnet ,&nbsp;Mariano Higes ,&nbsp;Raquel Martín-Hernández ,&nbsp;Carmen del Aguila","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two microsporidian species infect honeybees worldwide, <em>Nosema apis</em> and <em>Nosema ceranae</em>. Two different clinical patterns are considered: nosemosis type A (<em>N. apis</em>) and nosemosis type C (<em>N. ceranae</em>). Nosemosis type A is characterized in acute forms and nosemosis type C shows no clear outward clinical signs. The development of a rapid and simple tool for <em>Nosema</em> detection could allow beekeepers or veterinarians to carry out diagnostic tests in situ. Currently, PCR and microscopy are expensive techniques that require qualified staff and may not be available in every laboratory. The present study describes the production and characterization of four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against <em>N. ceranae</em> and <em>N. apis</em>, and the development of an IFAT. An IFAT using the mAbs was compared with microscopy and PCR for 180 beehive samples. The diagnostic test revealed similar sensitivity and specificity percentages to IFAT (97.79% and 93.18%, respectively) and microscopy (97.79% and 95.45%), considering 100% for the PCR as the ‘gold standard’. A mAb (7D2) was patented for its high specificity for <em>N. ceranae</em>. The IFAT using the mAbs is a good alternative to microscopy and PCR in laboratories where PCR is not available for the detection and identification of both <em>Nosema</em> spp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":"55 3","pages":"Pages 163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread occurrence of benzimidazole resistance single nucleotide polymorphisms in the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, in Australia","authors":"Swaid Abdullah ,&nbsp;Thomas Stocker ,&nbsp;Hyungsuk Kang ,&nbsp;Ian Scott ,&nbsp;Douglas Hayward ,&nbsp;Susan Jaensch ,&nbsp;Michael P. Ward ,&nbsp;Malcolm K. Jones ,&nbsp;Andrew C. Kotze ,&nbsp;Jan Šlapeta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine hookworm (<em>Ancylostoma caninum</em>), a gastrointestinal nematode of domestic dogs, principally infects the small intestine of dogs and has the potential to cause zoonotic disease. In greyhounds and pet dogs in the USA, <em>A. caninum</em> has been shown to be resistant to multiple anthelmintics. We conducted a molecular survey of benzimidazole resistance in <em>A. caninum</em> from dogs at veterinary diagnostic centers in Australia and New Zealand. First, we implemented an internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 rDNA deep amplicon metabarcoding sequencing approach to ascertain the species of hookworms infecting dogs in the region. Then, we evaluated the frequency of the canonical F167Y and Q134H isotype-1 β-tubulin mutations, which confer benzimidazole resistance, using the same sequencing approach. The most detected hookworm species in diagnostic samples was <em>A. caninum</em> (90%; 83/92); the related Northern hookworm (<em>Uncinaria stenocephala</em>) was identified in 11% (10/92) of the diagnostic samples. There was a single sample with coinfection by <em>A. caninum</em> and <em>U. stenocephala</em>. Both isotype-1 β-tubulin mutations were present in <em>A. caninum</em>, 49% and 67% for Q134H and F167Y, respectively. Mutation F167Y in the isotype-1 β-tubulin mutation was recorded in <em>U. stenocephala</em> for the first known time. Canonical benzimidazole resistance codons 198 and 200 mutations were absent. Egg hatch assays performed on a subset of the <em>A. caninum</em> samples showed significant correlation between 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) to thiabendazole and F167Y, with an increased IC₅₀ for samples with &gt; 75% F167Y mutation. We detected 14% of dogs with &gt; 75% F167Y mutation in <em>A. caninum</em>. Given that these samples were collected from dogs across various regions of Australia, the present study suggests that benzimidazole resistance in <em>A. caninum</em> is widespread. Therefore, to mitigate the risk of resistance selection and further spread, adoption of a risk assessment-based approach to limit unnecessary anthelmintic use should be a key consideration for future parasite control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":"55 3","pages":"Pages 173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of SnROP9, a rhoptry protein homologue of Sarcocystis neurona that is expressed in lifecycle stages lacking rhoptry organelles.","authors":"Annapoorani Jegatheesan, Margaret Micciche, Jennifer Ngo, Peter J Bradley, Daniel K Howe, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteins released by the club-shaped, apically located, specialized secretory organelles called rhoptries play an essential role in host cell invasion and intracellular survival of apicomplexans. Sarcocystis neurona, the apicomplexan responsible for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), lacks rhoptries in its asexual developmental stages, viz., merozoites and schizonts. Nevertheless, rhoptry protein (ROP) homologues were detected in the S. neurona transcriptome and proteome, and SnROP9 was particularly abundant. In this study, we performed in vitro assays to characterize SnROP9 and determine its expression in the merozoite and schizont stages. SnROP9 is a 351 amino acids long protein with two consensus rhoptry protein cleavage motifs. Partition and secretory assays confirmed that SnROP9 is a soluble protein secreted into the excretory-secretory fraction. The total lysate of S. neurona merozoites revealed the full-length protein at ∼38 kDa and two additional peptides at ∼30 kDa and 25 kDa, consistent with its cleavage by a rhoptry processing enzyme. In the schizont stages, the presumed processed SnROP9 peptides migrated differently than in the merozoite and appeared as doublets. In the merozoite, SnROP9 localized predominantly to the apical pole but did not co-localize with the microneme protein, SnMIC10, suggesting that SnROP9 is not trafficked via micronemes, another type of apical secretory organelle. Interestingly, SnROP9 redistributed shortly after the invasion and remained dispersed with a granular appearance throughout the schizont during intracellular development. Despite several attempts, disruption of Snrop9 was unsuccessful, suggesting that there might be an essential role for SnROP9 in S. neurona. Further investigation of SnROP9 and other rhoptry protein homologues will help in better understanding their role in S. neurona biology, particularly in lifecycle stages that lack rhoptry organelles.</p>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protection against anuran lungworm infection may be mediated by innate defenses rather than their microbiome.","authors":"Chava L Weitzman, Gregory P Brown, Kimberley Day, Catherine M Shilton, Karen Gibb, Keith Christian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Host-associated microbiomes provide protection against disease in diverse systems, through both direct and indirect interactions with invaders, although these interactions are less understood in the context of non-gut helminth infections in wildlife. Here, we used a widespread, invasive host-parasite system to better understand helminth-amphibian-microbiome dynamics. We focus on cane toads and their lungworm parasites, which invade the host through the skin, to study the interactions between lungworm infection abundance and skin and gut (colon) bacterial microbiomes. Through two experiments, first reducing skin bacterial loads, and second reducing bacterial diversity, we found no evidence of protection by skin bacteria against infection. We also did not find divergent gut communities dependent on lungworm infection, signifying little to no immune modulation from infection causing changes to gut communities, at least in the first month after initial parasite exposure. In light of previous work in the system, these results underscore the contribution of toads' innate susceptibility (including possible protection provided by skin secretions) rather than skin microbes in determining the chance of infection by these macroparasites.</p>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dirofilaria spp. infection in cats from the Mediterranean basin: diagnosis and epidemiology.","authors":"Mariaelisa Carbonara, Livia Perles, Luigi Venco, Simona Gabrielli, Vanessa R Barrs, Guadalupe Miró, Elias Papadopoulos, Clara Lima, Emilie Bouhsira, Gad Baneth, Nikola Pantchev, Roberta Iatta, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Nicola Decaro, Bettina Schunack, Giovanni Benelli, Domenico Otranto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, causing heartworm disease and subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively, are zoonotic mosquito-borne filarioids infecting a plethora of hosts including cats. Only fragmented data are available on the diagnosis and epidemiology of feline dirofilariosis. We assessed the occurrence of both nematode infections, their risk factors and clinicopathological abnormalities in cats, from six countries of the Mediterranean Basin. In addition, Wolbachia spp. endosymbionts were assessed in Dirofilaria spp.-positive animals. Blood and sera samples were obtained from cats with outdoor access from Spain (n = 354), Portugal (n = 287), Italy (n = 125), Greece (n = 116), Israel (n = 101) and France (n = 100). Cat sera were tested by both direct antigenic (SNAP test, commercial ELISA kit) and indirect antibodies (in-house ELISA) serological tools, and blood samples by real time and conventional PCR targeting Dirofilaria spp. DNA, followed by sequencing. A statistical analysis was run to assess the link between Dirofilaria spp. infection and independent variables, as well as among feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and/or feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) co-infections, and clinicopathological abnormalities. Overall, 3.8% (i.e., 41/1,083) cats scored positive for Dirofilaria spp. infection with prevalences ranging from 2% in Israel to 7.8% in Greece. Of the 41 positive cats, 16 were infected by D. immitis (by SNAP test and/or PCR) and two by D. repens (by PCR); the remaining animals were antibody-positive for Dirofilaria spp. using the in-house ELISA. Wolbachia DNA was detected in one D. immitis-infected cat. Nematode positivity was significantly associated with age, breed, hyporexia, dandruff, and dyspnoea. This study provides data on the prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. infection in cats from the Mediterranean Basin, as well as new insights on its diagnosis, revealing the importance of performing strategic chemoprophylactic treatments for cats living in areas where the infection is endemic in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bat microfilariae in the cityscape: a transmission tale between bats, mites, and bat flies","authors":"Román Espinal-Palomino ,&nbsp;Ana Celia Montes de Oca-Aguilar ,&nbsp;Martha Pilar Ibarra-López ,&nbsp;Víctor M. Vidal-Martínez ,&nbsp;Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Litomosoides</em> includes filarial nematodes capable of infecting various vertebrate species. While <em>Litomosoides</em> has been extensively studied in rodents, research on its association with bats remains limited. The transmission dynamics of this parasite are complex, involving moving between different invertebrate hosts before reaching the final host. Most investigations concerning microfilariae have concentrated on their morphological characteristics, with scant attention paid to ecological aspects, particularly in human-altered landscapes. This study represents the first known documentation of <em>Litomosoides</em> in bats within an urban environment. It investigates their response to urbanization in their interaction with the synanthropic bat <em>Artibeus jamaicensis</em> and its ectoparasites. The objective was to explore the influence of urban landscapes on <em>Litomosoides</em> prevalence in synanthropic hosts. Blood samples were collected along urban–rural gradients, and parasite presence was confirmed through direct observation in blood smears and PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 gene (COX1), which exhibited robust support values, indicates that the microfilaria found in <em>A. jamaicensis</em> is closely related to <em>Litomosoides chandleri</em>. However, it also suggests the possibility of an unidentified, and therefore potentially new, species within the genus <em>Litomosoides</em>. Additionally, <em>Litomosoides</em> DNA was detected in <em>Periglischrus iheringi</em> (Acari: Spinturnicidae) and in the bat fly <em>Trichobius intermedius</em> collected from the bat. The parasite sequences obtained from these three interacting species exhibited a genetic distance as low as 0.002. The highest prevalences were recorded in forested areas (28.6%) compared with urban areas (21.2%). However, within the urban landscape, prevalence varied from 3.8% to 21.2%, being highest in densely built-up areas. Analysis of the urban landscape suggested that the prevalence of <em>Litomosoides</em> in <em>A. jamaicensis</em> is the result of a multifactorial and synergistic process involving ectoparasite load, host abundance, and the extent of impervious surfaces (NDBI).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 79-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dense aquatic vegetation can reduce parasite transmission to amphibians","authors":"Marin Milotic ,&nbsp;Dino Milotic ,&nbsp;Janet Koprivnikar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submerged aquatic vegetation (macrophytes) can provide prey with refuges from predators and may perform a similar role for interactions with other natural enemies such as parasites. This could occur by interfering with the ability of free-swimming infectious parasite stages to locate or move towards hosts, reducing infections. Alternatively, infections may increase if macrophytes reduce host anti-parasite behaviours such as detection or evasion. Both scenarios could be affected by macrophyte density and structural complexity. Here we investigated whether experimental infection of tadpoles (<em>Rana sylvatica</em> and <em>Rana pipiens</em>) by parasitic flatworms (the trematodes <em>Ribeiroia ondatrae</em> and <em>Echinostoma</em> spp. was affected by the presence of artificial vegetation with varying density and complexity (simple versus branching), as well as tadpole activity under these conditions. Macrophyte presence significantly reduced tadpole infection loads only in the highest density treatment, but there was no effect of structural complexity. Related to this, tadpoles spent significantly more time near aquatic vegetation when it was dense but showed no preference for either structural type. Our results indicate that aquatic vegetation can reduce parasite transmission in certain scenarios, with further studies needed to explore how structural complexity in natural systems can affect host-parasite interactions, considering the massive physical alterations possible through eutrophication and the introduction of invasive plant species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142619800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do specialist and generalist parasites differ in their prevalence and intensity of infection? A test of the niche breadth and trade-off hypotheses","authors":"Sonia Cebrián-Camisón ,&nbsp;Josué Martínez-de la Puente ,&nbsp;María José Ruiz-López ,&nbsp;Jordi Figuerola","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying host specificity is crucial to understanding the ability of parasites to spread to new hosts and trigger disease emergence events. The relationship between host specificity and parasite prevalence and infection intensity, has typically been studied in the context of two opposing hypotheses. According to the trade-off hypothesis generalist parasites, which can infect a broad range of hosts, will reach a lower prevalence and infection intensity than more specialist parasites due to the higher costs to adapt to multiple host immune systems. In contrast, the niche breadth hypothesis proposes that generalists’ ability to infect more host species makes them more efficient in colonising host communities and thus they are found at higher prevalences and infection intensities. This study aims to test these hypotheses using the widespread avian malaria parasites of the genera <em>Plasmodium</em> and the related malaria-like parasite <em>Haemoproteus.</em> Overall, 1188 wild house sparrows from 17 localities in southwestern Spain were screened for parasite presence and intensity of infection. For each lineage found infecting house sparrows, we estimated host specificity as i) the number of different bird taxa infected by that lineage according to the MalAvi database and ii) an index that accounts for the phylogenetic relatedness between the host species. Parasite infections were recorded in 419 house sparrows, and eight <em>Plasmodium</em> and three <em>Haemoproteus</em> lineages were identified. Prevalence was positively associated with the number of host species. Lineages found in more localities showed both higher prevalence and host range. Overall, these results support the niche breadth hypothesis in relation to blood parasites infecting house sparrows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus lacks molybdenum cofactor synthesis, leading to sulphite sensitivity and lethality in vitro","authors":"Robert A. Brinzer,&nbsp;Jennifer R. McIntyre,&nbsp;Collette Britton,&nbsp;Roz Laing","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulphite oxidase has an essential role in detoxifying environmental and endogenously generated sulphite into sulphate and requires the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) to function. Until recently it was believed that the synthesis pathway for Moco was so important for survival that it was conserved in all multicellular animals. Here we report the use of comparative genomics to identify the absence of the first enzyme involved in Moco synthesis in <em>Haemonchus contortus</em>, a highly pathogenic and economically important helminth of livestock that, similar to many parasitic nematode species, has proved difficult to maintain in vitro. We show that Moco deficiency in <em>Haemonchus</em> leads to a high sensitivity to environmental sulphite and limits the ability to maintain the early parasitic larval stages in vitro. Analogous losses in Moco synthesis in other recently sequenced nematode species are also identified. These findings may lead to improved culture methods for parasitic nematodes and to novel approaches for their control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 117-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into extracellular vesicle biogenesis and secretion of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta: host interaction and cultivation dynamics","authors":"Hynek Mazanec ,&nbsp;Javier Sotillo ,&nbsp;Peter Koník ,&nbsp;Nikol Bušková ,&nbsp;Jiří Kyslík ,&nbsp;Zdenko Gardian ,&nbsp;Tomáš Bílý ,&nbsp;Kateřina Jirků ,&nbsp;Roman Kuchta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from parasites have been identified as potent modulators of host-parasite interactions. However, their biogenesis and secretory activity are still poorly understood. Here we present a comprehensive examination of the secretory dynamics of two distinct EV fractions isolated from the adult tapeworm <em>Hymenolepis diminuta</em>. Additionally, we perform a detailed analysis of changes in proteomic content and morphology during EV secretion, utilising electron tomography to shed light on a previously described novel mechanism of EV biogenesis via bead-like protrusion. Our findings reveal a significant decrease in EV secretion between 24 and 48 h of <em>in vitro</em> cultivation when external host stimuli are no longer present. Finally, this study addresses, for the first known time, the potential bias in EV analysis resulting from extended <em>in vitro</em> cultivation of model parasites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13725,"journal":{"name":"International journal for parasitology","volume":"55 2","pages":"Pages 69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}