International endodontic journal最新文献

{"title":"Position statement on longitudinal cracks and fractures of teeth","authors":"Shanon Patel,&nbsp;Peng-Hui Teng,&nbsp;Wan-Chuen Liao,&nbsp;Matthew Craig Davis,&nbsp;Ales Fidler,&nbsp;Franziska Haupt,&nbsp;Cristiano Fabiani,&nbsp;Ronald Ordinola Zapata,&nbsp;Rahul Bose","doi":"10.1111/iej.14186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This position statement is a consensus view of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). The statement is based on current clinical and scientific evidence as well as the collective reflective practice of the committee. The aim is to provide clinicians with evidence-based, authoritative information on the aetiology, clinical presentation, and management of cracks and fractures that typically manifest along the long axis of the crown and/or root.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 3","pages":"379-390"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles of Candida albicans show dual effects on Enterococcus faecalis growth and virulence: A laboratory-based investigation.","authors":"Sirui Yang, Na Li, Haoze Wu, Mai Zhang, Luoqianhui Wang, Min Xiao, Xiaogang Cheng, Qing Yu","doi":"10.1111/iej.14199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.14199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Previous studies have shown the important relationships between Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in post-treatment endodontic disease (PTED). However, the fungal-bacterial interactions and their possible functional routes are less understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from C. albicans on E. faecalis growth and pathogenicity.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Candida albicans EVs were isolated from a yeast nitrogen base (YNB) medium, and their morphology, size distribution, and protein concentration were observed and identified. The effects of EVs on planktonic E. faecalis were evaluated using growth curves and colony-forming unit counts, whereas the effects on E. faecalis biofilms were determined using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopes. The ability of E. faecalis to resist a detrimental environment, infect dentinal tubules, and biofilm formation on gutta percha was examined. Additionally, the effect of EVs on cell invasion and cytotoxicity of E. faecalis were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, and p-values of <.05 were considered significantly different.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Candida albicans EVs were nanoparticles with bilayer membranes and with peak sizes of 111.9 and 230 nm. EVs exhibited a complex effect on E. faecalis and its biofilms; 5 μg/mL of EVs showed inhibitory effects whereas 0.156 μg/mL of EVs facilitated their growth. The EVs showed consistent effects on E. faecalis virulence. Notably, 5 μg/mL of EVs reduced the damage to RAW264.7 cells caused by E. faecalis, as well as the invasion ability of E. faecalis to macrophages and the intracellular survival ability of E. faecalis after macrophage phagocytosis, whereas 0.156 μg/mL of EVs had completely opposite effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Candida albicans EVs showed dual effects on E. faecalis growth and virulence in vitro, suggesting C. albicans EVs are involved in fungal-bacterial communication. Moreover, the inhibitory effects exhibited by 5 μg/mL of EVs in vitro may suggest a new agent for the control of E. faecalis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of 3D-printed polymeric-based scaffold coated with bioceramic and naringin for a potential use in dental pulp regeneration (in vitro study).","authors":"Reem Mones Dawood, Anas Falah Mahdee","doi":"10.1111/iej.14194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.14194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>3D-printed scaffolds loaded with healing directed agents could be employed for better treatment outcome in regenerative dentistry. The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize simple 3D-printed poly lactic acid (PLA) scaffolds coated with nanoHydroxyapatite (nHA), Naringin (NAR), or their combination, and testing their morphological, chemical, mechanical, antibacterial, biocompatible and bioactive properties.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Two variants pore sizes, 300 and 700 μm, of 3D-printed PLA disc scaffolds measuring (10 × 1 mm) were fabricated. These scaffolds were dip-coated with nHA, NAR, or both (nHA/NAR). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FeSEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), compressive and flexural strength testing was employed for optimizing pore size. Then, antibacterial activity against isolated Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis, and cytotoxicity against normal human fibroblast were assessed. Additionally, appetite formation on scaffold surfaces was assessed after storage in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 14 days by further using FeSEM, EDX and XRD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FeSEM showed uniform structure for 3D-printed scaffolds in both pore size designs, and a consistent surface coating with nHA and NAR, which were further confirmed by EDX and FTIR. However, mechanical testing revealed statistical significant higher compressive and flexural strengths (p < .000) for 300 μm pore size scaffolds. Statistical significant antibacterial activities (p < .05) were also found with PLA/NAR, and PLA/nHA /NAR scaffolds in comparison with neat. The MTT assay revealed biocompatibility of PLA, nHA and NAR, with the combinations of the latter two working synergistically. Lastly, the formation of a calcium-phosphate appetite layer was recognized on the surface of PLA/nHA, PLA/nHA/NAR scaffold after being stored in SBF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>3D-printed, 300 μm pore size, PLA scaffold coated with a combination of nHA and NAR showed the best surface characteristics and improved mechanical, antibacterial and biocompatible properties for further investigation in regenerative studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel pain assessment tool specific for pulp symptoms to aid diagnosis.","authors":"Vipin Kumar, Sidhartha Sharma, Vijay Kumar, Amrita Chawla, Mani Kalaivani, Dalim Kumar Baidya, Phillip L Tomson, Paul V Abbott, Ajay Logani","doi":"10.1111/iej.14195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.14195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Although many pain assessment tools exist, none are specific to the relatively unique presentation of pulpal pain. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel pain assessment tool based on pulp symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A preliminary list of items best-describing pulpitis was developed based on deductive and inductive approaches and the preliminary tool was piloted (n = 80). A final 11-item pain assessment tool was developed comprising 5 closed-ended items evaluating pain intensity to diverse stimuli (thermal and sweet) and 6 closed-ended items assessing various aspects of pulp pain (such as spontaneity, duration, referral, postural pain, pain upon biting and requirement for analgesics). The tool was tested on 300 adult patients (age range = 18-54 years) who presented with symptoms indicating some form of pulpitis. The 11 items were each scored from 1 to 4, yielding a total score between 11 and 44. These scores were subsequently compared to a set of diagnoses made utilizing established clinical reference standards, these include patient history, clinical examination, periapical radiographs, and pulp testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All items in the tool reached an excellent content validity index score (≥0.83) for relevance. Following the pilot, six items were rephrased and five were removed. After final testing the constructed tool had a reliability coefficient of .8641, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Factor analysis extracted two factors that accounted for 59.61% of variance. The sensitivity and specificity was 95.36% and 86.58%, respectively. Likelihood ratio was 7.104 (LR+) and 0.05 (LR-) at cut-off point. The area under the ROC curve was 0.9714 with a SE of 0.0076. The cut off score by Youden index was 25 between reversible and irreversible pulpitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed tool proved to be both valid and reliable. It is the first comprehensive multidimensional tool designed to standardize the pulp pain assessment protocol, covering various attributes of pulp pain and effectively distinguishing between reversible and irreversible pulpitis with a defined cut-off score. Furthermore, its use is anticipated to provide support in diagnosing ambiguous cases of inflamed pulp, which is especially helpful for less experienced dentists.</p>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory investigation of METTL7A driving MSC osteogenic differentiation through YAP1 translation enhancement via eIF4F recruitment.","authors":"Li Cui, Zizhao Mai, Ye Lu, Jiarong Zheng, Pei Lin, Xu Chen, Yucheng Zheng, Yunfan Lin, Bing Guo, Xinyuan Zhao","doi":"10.1111/iej.14198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.14198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Effective control of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation towards osteogenic lineages is fundamental for bone regeneration. This study elucidates the regulatory role of methyltransferase like 7A (METTL7A) in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, western blotting, and in vivo studies were conducted to determine the effects of METTL7A depletion or overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of various types of MSCs. Then the downstream signalling pathways regulated by METTL7A in MSCs were further investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that METTL7A expression significantly increases during the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, depletion of METTL7A hindered, whereas its overexpression enhanced, the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mechanistically, METTL7A influences MSC osteogenic differentiation by activating the YAP1-TEAD1 signalling pathway. It enhances YAP1 expression not only by stabilising YAP1 mRNA but also, crucially, by recruiting the eIF4F complex, thereby boosting the translation efficiency of YAP1 mRNA. Additionally, the YAP1/TEAD1 complex transcriptionally regulates METTL7A expression, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies osteogenic differentiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our study uncovers a previously unknown molecular mechanism of MSC osteogenic differentiation and suggests that activating METTL7A could offer new avenues for enhancing bone regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detrimental effects of chronic sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drink consumption on inflammatory response and the size of apical periodontitis: An animal-based study.","authors":"Gabriela Serrão Abreu Conceição, Karem Paula Pinto, Claudio Malizia Alves Ferreira, Jenif Braga de Souza, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Bárbara P Coelho, Luciana Moura Sassone, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da Silva","doi":"10.1111/iej.14192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.14192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic consumption of two sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drinks - one containing caffeine (Coca-Cola®) and one without (Sprite®) - on the progression of periapical lesions and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Twelve Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 4): Control group, Coca-Cola group and Sprite group. The rats in Coca-Cola and Sprite groups were given ad libitum access to their respective soft drinks for 3 months, while the Control group received filtered water. After 2 months of consumption, the pulps of the lower left first molars were exposed for 28 days to induce periapical lesions. Following euthanasia, the jaws were removed, and the periapical lesions were assessed using micro-computed tomography imaging. Blood samples were collected to analyse the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IL-17 and TNF-α via Luminex assay. Non-parametric data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test, while parametric data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the Coca-Cola and Sprite groups exhibited periapical lesions with significantly greater volume and diameter compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, both soft drink groups had significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-2 compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). The Sprite group displayed significantly higher levels of IL-1β than the Coca-Cola group (p < 0.05), while the Coca-Cola group showed significantly elevated TNF-α levels compared to both the Control and Sprite groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences in IL-17 levels were observed among the groups (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The chronic consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drinks, regardless of caffeine content, has detrimental effects on the inflammatory response and progression of apical periodontitis in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and in vivo analyses of calcium silicate-based materials in bone and connective tissues","authors":"Ana Cristina Padilha Janini,&nbsp;Lauter Eston Pelepenko,&nbsp;Brenda Fornazaro Moraes,&nbsp;Victor Augusto Benedicto dos Santos,&nbsp;Matheus Barros-Costa,&nbsp;Isabela Alvarenga Maciel dos Santos,&nbsp;Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista,&nbsp;Juliana de Aguiar Silveira Meira,&nbsp;Mariza Akemi Matsumoto,&nbsp;Nilvan Alves da Silva,&nbsp;Francisco Haiter Neto,&nbsp;Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes,&nbsp;Marina Angélica Marciano","doi":"10.1111/iej.14191","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14191","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Calcium silicate-based cements have been widely used in dentistry mainly due to their physicochemical and biological properties. Commercially available materials use radiopacifiers containing metals (bismuth, tantalum, tungsten and/or zirconium).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To investigate volumetric changes, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; biocompatibility and systemic migration from eight commercially available materials, including powder/liquid and ‘ready-to-use’ presentations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;After characterization, tubes were implanted in healthy Wistar rats' alveolar bone and subcutaneous tissues. Micro-CT was used to evaluate volumetric change before/after 30 days of implantation. Histological and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to evaluate materials' biocompatibility. After euthanasia, kidney samples were retrieved, acidic digested and evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for bismuth, tantalum, tungsten and zirconium mass fractions. Statistical analysis compared the results for normality and comparisons adopted a level of significance of 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Characterization photomicrographs and spectroscopy analysis revealed calcium, silicon and radiopacifiers for tested cements. Volumetric changes after implantation showed higher alteration in subcutaneous tissues than alveolar bone indicating that Biodentine, EndoSequence BC RRM Putty and ProRoot MTA were the most stable materials. Histological analysis found intense inflammation for NeoPUTTY and moderate for the other materials; osteocalcin and osteopontin were positively marked for all materials. Despite its volumetric stability, ProRoot MTA showed a 1000-fold higher mass fraction of bismuth accumulation and MTA Repair HP a 37-fold higher tungsten accumulation in kidney samples when compared with the nonexposed controls. All tantalum-analysed samples indicated a similar mass fraction with the nonexposed controls. Biodentine exhibited a significant lower kidney mass fraction of zirconium accumulation when compared with this control.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Volumetric analysis revealed that Bio-C Repair, NeoPUTTY and MTA Repair HP presented greater volumetric loss when implanted in the subcutaneous tissue. NeoPUTTY presented more intense inflammatory infiltrate. Systemic migration analysis highlighted the predominance of bismuth in the ProRoot MTA group. These results suggest that endodontic repair cements are affected by their chemical composition, the type of implant tiss","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 3","pages":"484-503"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel laboratory approach for evaluating the adhesion strength of biofilms to human dentine.","authors":"Jason Bulmer, Y M John Chew, Roy George","doi":"10.1111/iej.14196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.14196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biofilms may show varying adherence strengths to dentine. This study quantified the shear force required for the detachment of multispecies biofilm from the dentine using fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) and computation fluid dynamics (CFD). To date this force has not been quantified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multispecies biofilms were grown over 3, 7 and 14 days on 2 mm thick dentine sections of human molars (n = 8 per group). The FDG technique with different suction flow rates (100%, 80% and 40%) was used to assess biofilm removal. At maximum suction (100%), the flow rate was 500 mL/min. Digital images of each stained dentine sample were captured (10× magnification) before and after subjecting the samples to the various suction flow rates. The change in colour saturation versus control (△E) value was determined to assess removal of biofilm using digital softwares (Image J© and Colormine©). The imposed shear forces were then estimated using CFD and correlated with the △E values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FDG and CFD analysis showed that complete removal of biofilm by using water as the gauging liquid was not possible across any of the experimental groups. Three-day biofilms required significantly lower shear forces for removal than 7-day or 14-day biofilms. The maximum shear forces were seen in the 14-day biofilm group at all flow rates tested. When assessing for residual biofilm on the dentine, the △E value showed residual biofilms of approximately 40% at all time periods at a 100% flowrate. Complete removal of multispecies biofilm was not possible in any experimental group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study for the first-time records forces needed to remove polymicrobial biofilms form the surface of a dentine sample. Within the limits of this study, mature biofilms require greater shear forces for removal. This is important when planning protocols for biofilm removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The employment of recommended root canal treatment procedures by dentists in Croatia and the Czech Republic.","authors":"Martin Kapitán, Jan Schmidt, Lenka Vavřičková, Ivana Vidović Zdrilić, Jelena Vidas Hrstić","doi":"10.1111/iej.14197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.14197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of dentists in Croatia and the Czech Republic with endodontic recommendations and identify the subjective and objective factors influencing their adherence to them.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A total of 1386 dentists from Croatia and the Czech Republic participated in an online survey through a self-administered, author-designed questionnaire. After excluding those who did not perform root canal treatments (RCT), 1376 responses (394 from Croatia and 982 from the Czech Republic) were statistically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of respondents was 40 years, with a higher proportion of females in both countries. Croatian dentists treated fewer patients weekly but performed more RCTs and placed more composite fillings than their Czech counterparts. Czech dentists more frequently employed magnification devices, rubber dam (RD), pre-endodontic build-ups, nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments, irrigant activation, bioceramic sealers, indirect post-endodontic restoration of lateral teeth, and single-visit treatments. These practices were also more common among endodontists than general dental practitioners and other specialists in both countries. Croatian dentists adhered more consistently to the recommended irrigation protocol. In the Czech group, adherence to recommended procedures, such as magnification, RD usage, and irrigation protocol correlated with younger age, smaller weekly number of patients, and preference for treating patients in the supine position. No such correlations were observed among the Croatian dentists.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite notable improvements in recent years, dentists still do not fully comply with the recommended RCT working procedures in Croatia and the Czech Republic.</p>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulp sensibility responses following complete and partial pulpotomy in mature permanent molars with carious pulpal exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: Analysis of pooled data from three randomized clinical trials","authors":"Pankaj Sangwan,&nbsp;Ankita Ramani,&nbsp;Soumyashree Mishra,&nbsp;Kanaga Durga,&nbsp;Shyam Popat,&nbsp;Aditi Sangwan","doi":"10.1111/iej.14188","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of pulpotomy is to preserve the pulp vitality. However, the assessment of pulpal status following pulpotomy is often overlooked. This retrospective analysis aimed to compare the pulp responses to EPT (Electric pulp test) and cold test in mature permanent molars that have undergone either complete pulpotomy (CP) or partial pulpotomy (PP) for managing carious pulpal exposure and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and completed 12 months follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective analysis pooled data from three randomized clinical trials of pulpotomy (one using CP and two using PP) conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics of the Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, from December 2020 to May 2024. The present study included a total of 220 cariously exposed mature permanent molars with SIP, that underwent either CP (<i>n</i> = 45) or PP (<i>n</i> = 175) using ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and were followed-up for 12 months. The teeth were evaluated for outcomes (clinical and radiographic), and pulp sensibility responses to EPT and the cold test, both individually and collectively as positive response to either test. Pulp sensibility responses were further analysed following teeth distribution considering variables like age, gender, number of tooth surfaces restored, preoperative pain intensity and hard tissue formation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney <i>U</i>-test, with significance at <i>p</i> &lt; .05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At 12 months follow-up, 209 of 220 teeth analysed had a successful pulpotomy outcome. Amongst these, PP-treated teeth responded more predictably to EPT and cold test as compared to CP-treated teeth. However, the difference was significant with EPT analysis only (<i>p</i> = .001). The proportion of teeth with a positive response was significantly higher in both the groups, when considering a combined positive response to either EPT or cold test, compared to the positive response to each test alone (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). None of the included variables influenced the pulp sensibility responses in either group (<i>p</i> &gt; .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PP-treated teeth responded more predictably to EPT and cold test than CP-treated teeth. Future studies must consider positive response to either EPT or the cold test collectively, whilst assessing the pulpal status following CP and PP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 3","pages":"420-433"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}