International journal of cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Childhood oral health is associated with the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adulthood","authors":"Nikoline Nygaard ,&nbsp;Francesco D'Aiuto ,&nbsp;Anne Kirstine Eriksen ,&nbsp;Anja Olsen ,&nbsp;Evelina Stankevic ,&nbsp;Lars Ängquist ,&nbsp;Torben Hansen ,&nbsp;Daniel Belstrøm ,&nbsp;Merete Markvart","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While adult oral health has been consistently linked to cardiovascular disease, the long-term impact of childhood oral health remains underexplored. Thus, we investigated the association between dental caries and gingivitis in childhood and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adulthood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This nationwide Danish cohort study included 568,778 individuals born between 1963 and 1972, with oral health data from the National Child Odontology Registry (1972–1987) and ASCVD outcomes from the National Patient Register (1995–2018). Dental caries and gingivitis were categorized by severity and trajectory across childhood. Cox regression models stratified by sex, education level, and type 2 diabetes status were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for incident ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Severe childhood dental caries was associated with increased ASCVD incidence in both males (HR 1.32; 95 % CI: 1.18–1.50) and females (HR 1.45; 95 % CI: 1.25–1.68). High gingivitis scores also predicted elevated ASCVD risk (males: HR 1.21; 95 % CI: 1.10–1.32; females: HR 1.31; 95 % CI: 1.14–1.50). Disease trajectories with moderate to severe level oral disease and oral health deterioration were significantly associated with higher ASCVD incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Within the limitations of this study, poor childhood oral health, particularly persistent or worsening dental caries and gingivitis, is associated with an increased risk of ASCVD in adulthood. These findings highlight the potential of early oral health interventions in reducing long-term cardiovascular risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"448 ","pages":"Article 134151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revascularization strategy and long term mortality in patients with reduced ejection fraction","authors":"Solveig Warncke ,&nbsp;Kasper Baasch Nielsen ,&nbsp;Stephan Peronard Mayntz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device therapy in ccTGA: Friend or Foe?","authors":"Matthew O'Connor,&nbsp;Andrew Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein in patients admitted with Acute Dyspnoea suspected of acute heart failure","authors":"Jasmin Dam Lukoschewitz ,&nbsp;Anne Sophie O. Olesen,&nbsp;Ida Arentz Taraldsen,&nbsp;Kristina C. Miger,&nbsp;Jens Jakob Thune,&nbsp;Olav W. Nielsen,&nbsp;Johannes Grand","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammation contributes to adverse outcomes among patients with acute dyspnoea. This study evaluates the prognostic relevance of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute dyspnoea, including those with acute heart failure (AHF).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational study included patients with acute dyspnoea. Diagnoses of AHF and non-AHF were adjudicated by cardiologist. NLR and CRP were measured at admission. Cutoff were determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and Youden's index. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Patients were followed for four years, and cox regression models assessed associations in the overall cohort and within subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 239 patients: 60 (25 %) with AHF and 179 (75 %) with non-AHF. NLR cutoff was 4.5, and CRP cutoff was 21.3 mg/L. During follow-up, 98 patients (41 %) died. NLR &gt;4.5 was associated with mortality (HR: 2.7, 95 % CI: 1.7–4.2, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analysis, NLR &gt;4.5 remained associated with mortality in both AHF (HR 3.3, 95 % CI 1.34–8.2, <em>p</em> = 0.009) and non-AHF (HR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.4–4.2, <em>p</em> = 0.002).</div><div>CRP &gt;21.3 mg/L was associated with mortality (HR: 1.7, 95 % CI: 1.2–2.6, <em>p</em> = 0.007). In subgroup analysis, CRP &gt;21.3 mg/L was associated with mortality in patients with AHF (HR: 2.7, 95 % CI: 1.3–5.7, <em>p</em> = 0.009), but not in non-AHF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NLR was associated with all-cause mortality in patients with acute dyspnoea across both cardiac and non-cardiac presentations. CRP was associated with all-cause mortality in patients with AHF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability of sotatercept response in pulmonary hypertension: Insights from extended real-world follow-up","authors":"Azka Naeem ,&nbsp;Olayiwola Bolaji ,&nbsp;George G. Kidess ,&nbsp;Joud Fahed ,&nbsp;Sultana Jahan ,&nbsp;Jawad Basit ,&nbsp;Muhammad Hashim Khan ,&nbsp;Shaunak Mangeshkar ,&nbsp;Steven Sorci ,&nbsp;Hayah Kassis-George ,&nbsp;Sourbha Dani ,&nbsp;M. Chadi Alraies","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sotatercept, an activin receptor ligand trap, has demonstrated significant short-term hemodynamic improvements in pulmonary hypertension (PH) based on clinical trials. However, evidence regarding long-term outcomes in real-world settings remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from the TriNetX global federated health research network covering 102 healthcare organizations, we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing 454 patients with primary PH receiving sotatercept to 963,386 primary PH patients not receiving sotatercept. After 1:1 propensity score matching to balance baseline characteristics, we assessed outcomes and cox proportional hazards was used. Primary outcome included all-cause mortality and seondary outcome included lung transplantation and adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 156 healthcare organizations in the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, 963,386 patients with PAH not receiving sotatercept and 454 receiving sotatercept met inclusion criteria. After 1:1 propensity matching, 346 patients per cohort were well-balanced (standardized differences &lt;0.2). During follow-up (179 ± 103 vs 246 ± 100 days), all-cause mortality was significantly lower with sotatercept (3.2 % vs 30.4 %; absolute risk reduction 27.2 %, 95 % CI 22.0–32.4; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed superior survival (95.5 % vs 45.2 %; log-rank <em>p</em> = 0.010). The composite safety endpoint occurred less frequently in the sotatercept group (10.2 % vs 26.9 %; p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this large real-world analysis from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, sotatercept use in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension was associated with markedly lower all-cause mortality, absence of lung transplantation events, and fewer adverse outcomes compared with matched controls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145900334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of recurrent coronary dissections/non-coronary dissections in Japanese patients with spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Clinical implications of β1-selective blockers and calcium-channel blockers","authors":"ISCAD-CATCH Investigators ,&nbsp;Yu Kataoka","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is characterized by coronary and symptomatic extra-coronary artery dissections. However, factors associated with SCAD-related complications remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The ISCAD-CATCH was a multicenter observational study that enrolled 566 Japanese patients with SCAD. Clinical characteristics of those with and without major adverse dissection-related cardiovascular events (MADCE = cardiac death+recurrent SCAD+symptomatic extra-coronary artery dissection) were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the 1490-day observational period (interquartile range = 352–2242 days), 13.4 % of the study participants experienced MADCE (cardiac death = 1.2 %; recurrent SCAD = 10.9 %; symptomatic non-coronary artery dissection = 1.6 %). Patients with SCAD experiencing MADCE were younger (47.5 ± 10.5 vs. 51.0 ± 10.7 years, <em>p</em> = 0.006) and had a greater frequency of multi-vessel coronary dissections (21.1 vs. 12.7 %, <em>p</em> = 0.048), primary PCI (56.6 vs. 43.3 %, <em>p</em> = 0.030), and mechanical circulatory support (15.8 vs. 6.9 %, <em>p</em> = 0.009). Furthermore, patients with MADCE more frequently received calcium-channel blockers (53.9 vs. 39.2 %, <em>p</em> = 0.015), whereas they were less likely treated with β1-selective blockers (18.4 vs. 33.7 %, <em>p</em> = 0.008). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.975, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.953–0.997, <em>p</em> = 0.029), β1-selective blockers (HR = 0.520, 95 %CI = 0.279–0.967, <em>p</em> = 0.039), and calcium channel blockers (HR = 1.682, 95 %CI = 1.051–2.691, <em>p</em> = 0.030) were independently associated with MADCE. The frequency of MADCE increased to 30.6 % in patients with SCAD aged &lt;50 years, non-usage of β1-selective blockers, and use of calcium-channel blockers (HR = 3.215, 95 %CI = 2.000–5.166, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Approximately 13 % of Japanese patients with SCAD experienced MADCE. MADCE risk increased with age, non-usage of β1-selective blockers, and the use of calcium-channel blockers. Medical therapies need to be adequately selected to mitigate the future risks of MADCE after SCAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134081"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular prevention begins in the classroom: Lessons from the CardioTOSchool study","authors":"Andrea Palermi ,&nbsp;Stefano Palermi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors and outcomes of high ventricular pacing burden post transcatheter aortic valve replacement: 5 years of follow-up","authors":"Gustavo R. Goldenberg,&nbsp;Alon Barsheshet,&nbsp;Aharon Erez,&nbsp;Shir Tal,&nbsp;Keren Skalsky,&nbsp;Alon Shechter,&nbsp;Ashraf Hamdan,&nbsp;Pablo Codner,&nbsp;Husam Zbede,&nbsp;Ilya Kumets,&nbsp;Gregory Golovchiner,&nbsp;Tzlil Grinberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with adverse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of PPM implantation post-TAVR in patients with high and low ventricular pacing (Vp) burden.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A single-center, retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent PPM implantation within 90 days post-TAVR from 2003 to 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on Vp burden at 1 year: &lt;20 % and ≥ 20 %. The primary outcome was a composite of first cardiovascular hospitalization or all-cause mortality, assessed from 1 to 5 years post-PPM after a 1-year pacing burden assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 1573 TAVR patients, 229 required a PPM, of whom 199 had complete Vp data at 1 year post-PPM implantation and were included: 84 (42 %) patients with Vp &lt; 20 % and 115 (58 %) patients with Vp ≥ 20 %. Persistent complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) was the most common PPM indication in patients with Vp ≥ 20 % (66 % vs. 11 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), while transient CAVB was more prevalent in those with Vp &lt; 20 % (48.2 % vs. 11.8 %, P &lt; 0.001). From 1 to 5 years after the post-PPM landmark, patients with Vp ≥ 20 % had higher rates of the composite outcome of cardiac-related first hospitalization or mortality (adjusted HR 3.4; 95 % CI 1.7–6.7; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), driven by each of its independent components. They also had a higher incidence of new reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF&lt;40 %) at 1 year (12 % vs. 1.6 %, <em>P</em> = 0.024). In multivariate analysis, persistent CAVB was the strongest predictor of Vp ≥ 20 % at 1 year (adjusted OR 14.2; 95 % CI 5.3–37.9; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>1-year VP ≥20 % post-TAVR PPM implantation was associated with higher cardiac hospitalizations and mortality over 5 years of follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correcting CT-derived aortic valve area for LVOT ellipticity: A novel approach","authors":"Yoav Niv Granot ,&nbsp;Solomon W. Bienstock ,&nbsp;Daniel Karlsberg ,&nbsp;Gilbert H.L. Tang ,&nbsp;Stamatios Lerakis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A limitation of echocardiography is its tendency to underestimate the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) area due to reliance on single diameter. While substituting CT-derived LVOT area in aortic valve area calculations (AVA_CT) increases the calculated valve area, this does not improve its clinical utility. In fact, AVA_CT overestimates the AVA, requiring a higher threshold for defining severe aortic stenosis [AS] (&lt;1.2 cm²). This phenomenon may be attributed to differences in fluid flow dynamics between circular (assumed by echocardiography) and elliptical conduits.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Demonstrate the differences between the calculated AVA before and after implementing a mathematical correction factor for flow in a non-circular conduit.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>662 patients with severe AS who underwent aortic valve replacement between 06/2021 and 07/2023. AVA calculated using the continuity equation with both echocardiography and CT data. A correction factor (CF) for elliptical flow was applied per patient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AVA_CT was significantly higher than AVA_Echo, showing a 23 % increase. After correcting for the elliptical shape of the LVOT, AVA_CT-corrected was lower and closer to AVA_Echo (mean absolute difference of 0.06 cm²) and had superior correlation with invasive measurement. Several patients were reclassified from severe to moderate AS when using AVA_CT; however, applying the correction factor significantly reduced the reclassification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Incorporating a correction factor for the elliptical geometry of the LVOT improves the accuracy of AVA estimation. The corrected AVA demonstrates better agreement with echocardiographic measurements and reduces the overestimation inherent in CT-based calculations. This approach minimizes discrepancies in patientclassification across AS severity categories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145862437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing machine learning in echocardiographic analysis to distinguish obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease","authors":"Ying Guo ,&nbsp;Xinyang Song ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Hongxia Guo ,&nbsp;Chenguang Yang ,&nbsp;You Zhong ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Junsong Gong ,&nbsp;Fang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.134121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Research on echocardiographic prognostication in non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is limited, mainly accompanied by different outcomes from obstructive CAD. This study developed machine learning (ML) models to predict clinical outcomes for both CAD types, highlighting crucial prognostic indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective analysis was conducted using echocardiographic data from patients undergoing coronary angiography. ML algorithms extracted key features, and six classifiers assessed prognostic accuracy using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method identified the most influential prognostic features. External testing was performed using an independent dataset.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort included 1439 patients, with 487 (33.8 %) classified as having non-obstructive CAD. Over a median follow-up period of 45 months, 319 (22.2 %) adverse events were recorded. The gradient boosting model outperformed others, achieving an AUROC of 0.822 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.816–0.827). In the obstructive CAD group, quadratic discriminant analysis demonstrated the highest performance (AUROC: 0.794; 95 % CI: 0.775–0.812), while ridge regression performed best for the non-obstructive group (AUROC: 0.856; 95 % CI: 0.829–0.883). Key predictive variables included global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global systolic constructive work, highlighting the importance of plasma brain natriuretic peptide alongside various GLS and myocardial work sub-parameters for distinguishing CAD types. The best-performing ML models also exhibited good performance in the external validation datasets (AUROC: 0.802, 0.819 and 0.869).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The machine learning approach accurately predicted adverse outcomes in CAD patients and identified critical echocardiographic variables specific to obstructive and non-obstructive forms, promoting CAD prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Trial Registration</h3><div><span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> <span><span>NCT03905200</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (Registered 5 April 2019).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"447 ","pages":"Article 134121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}