International journal of cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Editorial of \"Real world comparative effectiveness of angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus angiotensin receptor blockers in acute myocardial infarction\" to International Journal of Cardiology.","authors":"Lucia Ilaria Birtolo, Antonio Lattanzio, Gianluca Di Pietro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio in Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Marco Zuin, Cristina Balla, Luca Canovi, Matteo Serenelli, Francesco Vitali, Michele Malagù, Gabriele Guardigli, Alessandro Fucili, Matteo Bertini","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic relevance of the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) ratio in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains poorly investigated. We assess the prognostic value of the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling in patients with HCM using the TAPSE/PASP ratio.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were retrieved from a single-center prospective ongoing registry (NCT06898307) enrolling patients with cardiomyopathies followed at the cardiology clinic of the University of Ferrara, Italy. For this analysis, we retrospectively evaluated patients diagnosed with HCM from January 2019 to December 2024. The RV-PA coupling was evaluated by using the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 216 patients with HCM (mean age was 60.2 years ±7.6 years, 57.8 % males) were included into the analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 0.46 mm/mmHg as the optimal cut-off for predicting the composite outcome of cardiovascular (CV) death and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). A TAPSE/PASP ratio < 0.45 mm/mmHg was independently associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of the composite outcome of CV death, HFH, and arrhythmic events [Hazard ratio -HR-: 1.82, 95 % CI: 1.32-2.38; p < 0.001], as well as a significantly increased risk of HFH when considered separately [HR: 1.78, 95 % CI: 1.30-3.56; p = 0.001]. No significant association was observed between the TAPSE/PASP ratio and CV death or new arrhythmic events when analyzed as isolated outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A TAPSE/PASP ratio < 0.45 mm/mmHg independently predicts an increased risk of the composite outcome of CV death, HFH, and arrhythmic events, as well as HFH alone, with approximately a two-fold elevated risk in patients with lower values.</p>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of early diagnosis and progression to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A retrospective study in patients with arterial hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.","authors":"Vivian P Kassab, Leonardo G O Oldra, Gabriele S Milanesi, Francis R de Souza, Luiz A Bortolotto, Guilherme W P Fonseca, Maria-Janieire de N N Alves, Roberto Kalil-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for 50 % of all heart failure cases. The H₂FPEF score, used to estimate HFpEF probability, incorporates factors such as Heavy, Hypertensive, Atrial Fibrillation, Elder, and Filling Pressure. Left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) and left atrial (LA) enlargement has been associated to HFpEF, though the role of myocardial thickening and LAE on progression of this condition is not fully understood.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate correlation of cardiac function and structure obtained by echocardiogram, presence of comorbidities, b-type natriuretic peptide and the probability of HFpEF evaluated by H₂FPEF score in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and LVH without diagnosis of HFpEF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data obtained from medical records of 118 hypertensive patients with LV ejection fraction ≥55 %, septum wall thickness (SWT) and LV posterior wall >9 mm were evaluated. The patients were divided into 2 groups: SWT ≥ 13 mm (moderate/severe hypertrophy) and SWT <13 mm (mildly abnormal hypertrophy). H₂FPEF score was used to classify the patients: score < 6 (low probability of HFpEF) and score ≥ 6 (high probability of HFpEF). Comorbidities, such as obesity and diabetes were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LA (AUC 0.657; 95 %CI, 0.551-0.763; p = 0.010; cutoff value 37.50), sensitivity 96.7 % and specificity 84.8 % was the best independent predictor of HFpEF. BMI (AUC 0.766; 95 %CI, 0.664-0.868; p = 0.001), cutoff value of 21.655, sensitivity of 96,7 % and specificity of 81,8 % also showed a significant association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with AH and LVH, LA enlargement was associated with higher probability of HFpEF by H₂FPEF score, which could improve early diagnosis and risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the unmet needs of cardiovascular evaluation in athletes: A national survey of the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC) and the Regional Associations of Ambulatory Cardiologists (ARCA).","authors":"Edoardo Conte, Daniele Andreini, Flavio Acquistapace, Sergio Agosti, Angelo Aloiso, Barbara Bauce, Enrico Giuseppe Cuozzo, Laura Fusini, Giuseppe Limongelli, Ruggiero Mango, Lucio Mos, Elisabetta Toso, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Giovanni Battista Zito, Viviana Maestrini","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular screening of athletes is of paramount importance in identifying individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death. Performing such evaluations requires specific knowledge and expertise. The educational needs of cardiology community and the perception of sports cardiology as a specific subspecialty needing a dedicated approach have never been explored.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The survey was conducted by the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC) with the Regional Associations of Ambulatory Cardiologists (ARCA). It was distributed via newsletter and social media to cardiologists, collecting demographic, professional data, and information on clinical practices for evaluating competitive athletes to explore current practices, challenges, and educational needs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 375 responded to this survey revealing that 51.2 % of cardiologists do not have specific training in sports cardiology, despite 90.1 % believing it would improve clinical practice. The majority (58.9 %) operates without a dedicated workflow, and only 25.9 % are part of a specialized team. Legal considerations significantly influence clinical management (60.8 %), and 70.1 % frequently refer athletes to advanced imaging compared to non-athletes. Timely access to imaging services is often limited (76.8 %). There is also an increase in referrals for older athletes (masters), who are often referred by general practitioners rather than sports doctors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The survey highlights significant shortcomings in the practice of sports cardiology in Italy, including a lack of specialist training, dedicated workflows, and multidisciplinary teams. Although cardiologists recognize the importance of sports cardiology, they encounter obstacles in providing optimal care due to limited resources and education. These findings underscore the need for standardized training programs, improved facilities, and a more structured approach to athlete evaluations at European level.</p>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease on left ventricular function and myocardial strain in patients with ASTEMI: Insights from a 3.0-T cardiac magnetic resonance study.","authors":"Sha Li, Kairui Bo, Wenshan Ma, Weibo Li, Hong Zhang, Hui Wang, Lei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI). Nonetheless, its impact on left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial strain in this population is yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of MAFLD on left ventricular function and strain parameters in patients with ASTEMI using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 318 patients with ASTEMI (113 MAFLD and 205 non-MAFLD) undergoing CMR and non-enhanced computed tomography. Left ventricular function, global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of MAFLD on left ventricular function and global strain in patients with ASTEMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with MAFLD demonstrated significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (53.35 % vs. 59.64 %, P < 0.001), left ventricular global function index (LVGFI) (27.24 vs. 29.23, P = 0.006), and reduced absolute values of global strain in all three directions (GRS: 16.90 % vs. 18.80 %; GCS: 11.90 % vs. 12.90 %; GLS: 8.80 % vs. 10.90 %; all P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that MAFLD was an independent predictor of LVEF (β = -0.112, P = 0.028), LVGFI (β = - 0.109, P = 0.034), and multidirectional strain parameters (GRS, GCS, and GLS) (all P < 0.05). Moreover, increased MAFLD severity was correlated with a numerical deterioration in both left ventricular function parameters and global strain values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MAFLD independently exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial deformation in patients with ASTEMI, emphasizing its role in postinfarction risk stratification and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis in Tuscany and Umbria: Insights from the cardiac amyloidosis RegistRY (CARRY).","authors":"Vincenzo Castiglione, Olena Chubuchna, Giulia Elena Mandoli, Yu Fu Ferrari Chen, Alberto Aimo, Giorgia Panichella, Alessandro Paoletti Perini, Francesco Grossi, Massimo Milli, Annamaria Traini, Francesco Bellandi, Alessio Lilli, Giancarlo Casolo, Maurizio Pieroni, Serena Poli, Chiara Chiriatti, Simone Bartolini, Federico Perfetto, Alberto Palazzuoli, Claudio Passino, Riccardo Liga, Alberto Giannoni, Marta Focardi, Erberto Carluccio, Cinzia Zuchi, Carlo Di Mario, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Francesco Cappelli, Michele Emdin, Matteo Cameli, Giuseppe Vergaro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) involves the deposition of misfolded proteins in the heart, most commonly light-chains (AL) or transthyretin (ATTR). Advancements in non-invasive diagnostics have challenged the classification of CA as a rare disease. The Cardiac Amyloidosis RegistRY (CARRY) provides updated insights into CA's epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CARRY is a prospective, multicenter study across 20 hospitals in Tuscany and Umbria. All patients aged ≥18 years with suspected CA were enrolled between January and December 2022. Baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected, including all tests required to confirm or rule out CA diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 553 patients with complete data (median age 79 years [interquartile range, IQR, 74-84], 70 % male), 87 % reported mild dyspnea, 32 % had a history of heart failure, and one-third reported carpal tunnel syndrome. Elevated cardiac biomarkers were prevalent, with a median NT-proBNP of 1015 ng/L (IQR 275-3198). Most patients exhibited a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction phenotype. No significant differences in clinical features were found between patients from university (referral centers) and non-university hospitals, though referral centers more often reported patients with hematologic disorders. Echocardiographic signs of overt CA were more frequent in non-university centers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CARRY registry highlights the clinical characteristics of patients with suspected CA, revealing that despite educational efforts, suspicion remains biased towards older patients with advanced disease. Increased awareness and earlier diagnosis, particularly with available disease-modifying therapies, are critical for improving outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Genetic insights and targeted management in cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Iokfai Cheang, Xinli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133704","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in non-ischemic heart failure according to heart failure etiology: Extended follow-up of the DANISH trial.","authors":"Adelina Yafasova, Seiko N Doi, Jens Jakob Thune, Jens C Nielsen, Niels E Bruun, Hans Eiskjær, Christian Hassager, Jesper H Svendsen, Dan E Høfsten, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Steen Pehrson, Lars Køber, Jawad H Butt","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to differences in clinical profiles and outcomes among patients with different causes of non-ischemic heart failure (HF), the risk of sudden cardiovascular death and the effect of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) may vary depending on HF etiology. We examined the effects of primary-prevention ICDs according to HF etiology in an extended follow-up study of DANISH (Danish Study to Assess the Efficacy of ICDs in Patients With Non-ischemic Systolic Heart Failure on Mortality).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DANISH randomized 1116 patients with non-ischemic HF to ICD implantation (N = 556) or usual care (N = 550). In this study, outcomes were analyzed by HF etiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 849 patients (76 %) had idiopathic HF, and 267 (24 %) had non-idiopathic HF (valvular, n = 41; hypertensive, n = 117; other, n = 109). During a median follow-up of 9.5 years, non-idiopathic HF was not associated with a significantly different rate of death from any cause (HR 1.03 [95 %CI,0.82-1.29]) or sudden cardiovascular death (HR 0.92 [95 %CI,0.55-1.55]) compared with idiopathic HF. Compared with usual care, ICD implantation did not reduce the rate of death from any cause in idiopathic (HR 0.89 [95 %CI,0.72-1.11]) or non-idiopathic HF (HR 0.86 [95 %CI,0.59-1.25]), with no interaction between HF etiology and treatment effect (P_interaction = 0.84). The beneficial effect of ICD implantation on sudden cardiovascular death was not modified by HF etiology (idiopathic: HR 0.60 [95 %CI,0.37-0.97]; non-idiopathic: HR 0.59 [95 %CI,0.24-1.48]; P_interaction = 0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rates of sudden cardiovascular death (or all-cause death) did not differ across different etiologies of non-ischemic HF. HF etiology did not modify the effects of primary-prevention ICD implantation compared with usual care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Assessing the accuracy of echocardiographic estimation of pulmonary pressures: Insights from a 5-grade tricuspid regurgitation classification\".","authors":"Syeda Javaria Batool, Muhammad Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"133966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) as prognostic parameter in infarct-related cardiogenic shock","authors":"Maryna Masyuk ,&nbsp;Bernhard Wernly ,&nbsp;Malte Kelm ,&nbsp;Anne Freund ,&nbsp;Janine Pöss ,&nbsp;Steffen Desch ,&nbsp;Steffen Schneider ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Akin ,&nbsp;Georg Fürnau ,&nbsp;Uta Ceglarek ,&nbsp;Mara Schemmelmann ,&nbsp;Berend Isermann ,&nbsp;Norbert Gerdes ,&nbsp;Benedikt Schrage ,&nbsp;Uwe Zeymer ,&nbsp;Petra Büttner ,&nbsp;Holger Thiele ,&nbsp;Christian Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcard.2025.133961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiogenic shock (CS) caused by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a critical condition with high mortality rate. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is dysregulated in cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of IGFBP-2 in patients with AMI-CS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study is a post-hoc analysis of the randomized multicentre CULPRIT-SHOCK trial. IGFBP-2 levels were measured in serum samples from 423 patients using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Associations of IGFBP-2 with 30-day and one-year mortality were investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Median IGFBP-2 concentration was 415 ng/ml (IQR 274–699 ng/ml). Patients with IGFBP-2 ≥ median demonstrated higher 30-day (54 % vs. 37 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and one-year mortality (60 % vs. 42 %; p &lt; 0.001) compared to the &lt; median group. Higher IGFBP-2 concentrations were associated with increased 30-day and one-year mortality, irrespective of it being analysed as continuous or categorical variable (per 100 ng/ml IGFBP-2, hazard ratio (HR) 1.06; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.09; p &lt; 0.001, respectively; IGFBP-2 ≥ vs. &lt; median, HR 1.70, 95 % CI 1.23–2.35, <em>p</em> = 0.001 and HR 1.72, 95 %CI 1.27–2.33, p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, IGFBP-2 ≥ median was associated with increased 30-day (HR 1.70; 95 %CI 1.23–2.35; p = 0.001) and one-year mortality (HR 1.72; 95 %CI 1.27–2.33; p &lt; 0.001), even after adjustment for established prognostic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In AMI-CS, elevated levels of IGFBP-2 were associated with higher mortality at 30 days and one year after admission. IGFBP-2 represents a promising prognostic biomarker and could add value to risk stratification in this high-risk patient cohort, potentially informing early clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13710,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cardiology","volume":"443 ","pages":"Article 133961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}