International Angiology最新文献

{"title":"Radiology or histopathology: the misdiagnosis of benign and malignant tumors as vascular anomalies.","authors":"Manisha Siriwardene, Nikita Naidu, Sewon Kim, Christopher Rogan, Karen Cheung, Steven Kossard, Alison Potter, David E Connor, Kurosh Parsi","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05377-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05377-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benign and malignant soft tissue tumors with a prominent vascular architecture may be misdiagnosed as vascular anomalies on imaging. The aim of this paper is to highlight the limitations of diagnostic imaging and emphasize the importance of histological analysis in obtaining the correct diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report three cases of non-vascular tumors initially misdiagnosed as vascular malformations despite investigations using a range of imaging modalities including Duplex ultrasound (DUS), computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all three cases, DUS performed in-house demonstrated features suggestive of soft tissue tumors rather than vascular malformations highlighting the operator-dependent nature of DUS. All other imaging modalities including computed-tomography and MR angiography failed to diagnose the lesions correctly. Following biopsy, two patients were diagnosed with malignant tumors, a follicular B-cell lymphoma and an extremely rare plasmacytoid/rhabdoid sarcoma of unknown histogenesis. The third patient had a benign eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH). The patient with the B-cell lymphoma had a history of trauma to the site, causing a delay in diagnosis. There are only a few reports of similar cases documented in the literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diagnostic imaging modalities play an important role in the diagnosis and management of lesions thought to be vascular but as shown in cases presented here, reliance on imaging may result in misdiagnosis. Histological diagnosis of soft tissue lesions should be deemed mandatory where the diagnosis is in doubt.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes after treatment of femoro-popliteal disease with Zilver PTX: a multicenter real-world study.","authors":"Claudio Bianchini Massoni, Ginevra Pizzarelli, Enrico Epifani, Gladiol Zenunaj, Nicola Cicala, Andrea Andreone, Aaron T Fargion, Nicola Tusini, Antonio Freyrie","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05432-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05432-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose is to evaluate real-world 5-year outcomes of Cook Zilver PTX drug eluting stent (DES) in femoro-popliteal district from a multicenter experience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective observational multicenter study included patients with peripheral arterial disease treated with Zilver PTX in femoro-popliteal segment. Patients treated outside the instruction for use were excluded. We gathered patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, clinical, arterial and stent characteristics. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) was defined as reintervention performed for ≥50%-diameter stenosis after recurrent clinical symptoms. Primary outcome was freedom from TLR (ffTLR). Secondary outcomes were stent primary patency (PP), amputation-free survival (AFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients were 203 (mean age: 73.5years±10.6; male:66.5%), with coronary artery disease in 93 cases (45.8%) and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in 154 (75.9%). Lesion length was ≥200 mm in 39 patients (19.2%), reference vessel mean diameter was 5.5±0.7 mm, lesion was a chronic total occlusion in 153 (75.4%) patients. Mean follow-up was 3.6±2.5 years. At 2, 4 and 5 years: ffTLR was 86.1%, 79.1% and 74.9%, respectively; PP was 73.7%, 64% and 61.2% and AFS was 75.1%, 64.3% and 53.4%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In real-world practice, Zilver PTX DES in femoro-popliteal segment reveals favorable 5-year results. Despite the high rate of CLTI patients, ffTLR and PP are comparable with already published randomized trial. However, AFS rate remains low.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the link between post-thrombotic syndrome and depression: a narrative review on current evidence.","authors":"María Cortés, María J Medrano, Paula Huertas, Nicolas J Mouawad, Jorge H Ulloa","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05382-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05382-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Post-thrombotic syndrome is a chronic and challenging complication following deep venous thrombosis, that impacts a significant proportion of patients, despite anticoagulation therapy. Emerging evidence suggests a strong association between PTS and depression, with shared inflammatory mechanisms possibly linking the two conditions. This study aims to explore the potential pathophysiological connection between PTS and depression, focusing on the role of inflammatory mediators.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, analyzing articles published between 2009 to 2024. The search was divided into three phases: assessing the relationship between PTS and depressive symptoms, PTS and inflammatory mediators, and depression or depressive symptoms and inflammatory mediators. A total of 31 articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>The literature search yielded 3682 articles, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria and underwent full-text review. The evidence that currently exists regarding PTS and depression is scarce, and studies have not elucidated mechanisms that explain this relationship. However, this review proposes that both depression and PTS share multiple common inflammatory markers such as IL-6, CRP and IL-10.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between PTS and depression, underscores the need for integrated care approaches that address physical and mental health. Inflammation appears to be a critical link, offering a potential target for therapeutic strategies that could improve patient outcomes. Further research is necessary to fully understand this connection and develop comprehensive treatment models that address the physical and psychological aspects of PTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative risk factors for acute compartment syndrome in non-traumatic acute lower limb ischemia.","authors":"Poon Apichartpiyakul, Jiraporn Khorana, Kittipan Rerkasem, Apichat Tantraworasin","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05415-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05415-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-reperfusion compartment syndrome (CS) is a serious complication that may occur after the revascularization of patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI). This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with CS, providing additional insights that can assist surgeons in making decisions regarding the necessity of prophylactic fasciotomy or intensive monitoring post-revascularization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational cohort study reviewed patients with ALI whom was underwent revascularization at our institution from January 2006 to December 2020. Patients with ALI in Rutherford classes I, IIa, and IIb, aged 15 years and older were included. Patients with upper extremities ischemia, patient with severity in Rutherford Class III and prior prophylactic fasciotomy were excluded from the study. The definition of post-reperfusion CS was a patient who was diagnosed with ALI and developed acute CS after revascularization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 259 patients with acute limb ischemia, 28 (10.8%) developed post-reperfusion CS. Univariable analysis identified several risk factors, including platelet count <200,000/mm³, CK>510 U/L, serum CO<inf>2</inf><20 mmol/L, and Rutherford class IIb ischemia. Multivariable analysis confirmed independent associations for body weight >83 kg (IRR 4.24, P=0.007), moderate to severe liver disease (IRR 14.41, P<0.001), low platelet count (IRR 2.38, P=0.027), and CK>510 U/L (IRR 3.17, P=0.005). Serum CO<inf>2</inf><20 mmol/L approached significance (P=0.051). No significant differences were observed in 30-day amputation-free survival or mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher body weight, liver dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, and elevated CK levels are independent predictors of post-reperfusion compartment syndrome. Early identification of at-risk patients may guide monitoring and intervention to prevent this serious complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion to carotid artery stenting after neurological intolerance at cross-clamping during carotid endarterectomy: is it a safe option?","authors":"Arkadiusz Migdalski, Arkadiusz Jawień","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05453-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05453-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the case of intolerance to cross-clamping (CC) during carotid endarterectomy (CEA), the method-of-choice is to place a shunt and continue the procedure. However, some centers abandon open carotid revascularization in case of CC intolerance and perform conversion to carotid artery stenting (CAS). This approach remains controversial and is not accepted by many clinicians.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched for reports published over the last 15 years (2010-2025) regarding conversion to CAS after neurological intolerance to CC during CEA.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>Carotid CC intolerance may develop in around 10% of patients undergoing CEA under locoregional anesthesia. There is some evidence that patients who develop CC intolerance may have higher degrees of contralateral carotid stenosis and a higher incidence of perioperative cerebrovascular events compared with individuals who do not develop neurological symptoms after CC. Conversion to CAS may be an alternative to usage of a shunt.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The occurrence of carotid CC intolerance during CEA may be a reason to abandon the procedure and convert to CAS. Nonetheless, the evidence on this topic is not robust, as it is based on small, single-center studies. A multicenter study may provide better-quality evidence in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":"44 4","pages":"311-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical considerations for reconstruction of extracranial carotid artery redundancy concurrent with endarterectomy.","authors":"Rachel M Breault, Mark K Eskandari, Gabriel A Wallace","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05429-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05429-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anatomic variations of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) are present in a significant incidence of the general population. These variations can include redundancy of the ICA, loops, kinks, and coils. When present, these anatomical variances must be addressed at the time of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and may contribute to technical complexity associated with the operation. Pre-operative anticipation and familiarity with techniques to address these variant anatomies intraoperatively are of benefit to surgeons who perform carotid endarterectomy. Multiple technical approaches have been described to address these ICA configurations with complex CEA including eversion endarterectomy with proximal transposition of the ICA, standard endarterectomy with rotational proximal transposition or shortening to facilitate re-implantation of the ICA, segmental resection of the redundant endarterectomized ICA with backwall reconstruction and anterior wall patch angioplasty, segmental resection of the common carotid artery with primary re-anastomosis, plication of the ICA, anteposition of the ICA using adjacent muscle bellies, and extraluminal methods such as suturing the arterial adventitia to adjacent muscle and the use of fibrin glue and gelatin. We summarize an optimized approach to carotid endarterectomy considering the breadth of anatomical variations and approaches to correction of them, with an emphasis on the importance of individualized surgical planning and the necessity of the contemporary carotid surgeon's familiarity with technical options and intraoperative adaptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":"44 4","pages":"263-270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis Risk Score in the cohort of the Cyprus Epidemiological Study on Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Andrew N Nicolaides, Andrie G Panayiotou, Maura B Griffin, Theodosis Tyllis, Efthyvoulos Kyriacou, Costantinos Avraamides, Stavros Kakkos, Constantinos Koshiaris, Richard M Martin","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05457-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05457-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There has been a continuous debate on the value of screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (CAS) because of the low prevalence in the general population as well as the risk of complications associated with surgical intervention. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis (PACAS) risk score and (a) the prevalence of asymptomatic CAS ≥50%, ≥70%, <50%, and the prevalence of two or more bifurcations with plaque (carotid or common femoral), (b) the risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and (c) the effect of two or more bifurcations (carotid or common femoral) with plaque (BWP) in up classifying subjects into higher risk in the cohort of the Cyprus Epidemiological Study on Atherosclerosis (CESA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CESA is a prospective study in the Republic of Cyprus with 1102 subjects aged 40-89 at baseline of which 1000 were free of ASCVD at recruitment. Follow-up was for a mean of 15.5±4.6 years (range 1-20). Both carotid bifurcations and both common femoral bifurcations were scanned with ultrasound to determine presence of plaques and degree of CAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of CAS ≥50% and ≥70% in the cohort was 3.3% and 0.7% respectively. A PACAS score of ≥11 (11-20) was able to identify a subgroup of 230 (23%) with a prevalence of 26 (2.6%) CAS ≥50%. This subgroup contained 26 (72%) of the 36 plaques that produced a CAS ≥50%. A PACAS score ≥15 was able to identify a subgroup of 37 (3.7%) with a prevalence of 5 (13.5%) CAS ≥70%. PACAS scores of 0-4, 5-10, 11-14 and 15-20 identified four groups of 10-year observed ASCVD risk of 2% (low-risk), 13% (moderate-risk), 22% (high-risk) and 63% (very high- risk) respectively. The presence of two or more BWP could up classify 31 (14.5%) out of 225 in the low risk to the moderate risk group and 298 (48.2%) out of 619 subjects in the moderate risk group into a high-risk group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PACAS risk score performed well in the CESA cohort. It identified subgroups with a high prevalence of moderate and severe carotid artery stenosis. In addition, it identified four groups of 10-year risk of ASCVD: Low, moderate, high and very high risk. Modulation of this risk could be achieved by the number of bifurcations with plaque.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":"44 4","pages":"301-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urgent management of symptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a critical review of the literature.","authors":"Francesca Santoro, Marco Sferruzzi, Nunzio Montelione, Vincenzo Catanese, Rosalinda Calandrelli, Francesco Spinelli, Francesco Stilo, Vincenzo DI Lazzaro, Fabio Pilato","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05446-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05446-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although there is a consensus on the role of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic carotid stenosis, the optimal timing of surgery and its role in the context of acute stroke remain controversial. This study aims to review the key factors influencing treatment decisions, including patient characteristics, anatomical considerations, imaging findings and procedural risks associated with acute carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS). We performed a narrative review of the existing literature to summarize current evidence on the indications, timing, and outcomes of CEA and CAS in patients with recent ischemic stroke related to carotid stenosis. 86 articles were identified. After reviewing 10 studies were included in the review. The primary outcome evaluated in all studies was the perioperative day stroke/death rate. Although some discrepancies were found among the studies, CEA showed a stroke/death rate ranging from approximately 1.3% within the first 7 days to 3.6% after 7 days. In contrast, CAS had a higher rate in the early period (8.3%) compared to later (7.1%), highlighting an increased risk of CAS within the first 7 days. Managing symptomatic carotid stenosis requires a careful, individualized approach considering patient characteristics, comorbidities, and the timing of surgery. Early intervention is beneficial, but patient-specific risk factors must be weighed carefully.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":"44 4","pages":"330-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-term outcomes of endovascular treatment for internal carotid artery dissection.","authors":"Salvatore Bruno, Domenico Mirabella, Ettore Dinoto, Felice Pecoraro","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05426-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05426-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to assess the feasibility and safety of endovascular treatment of spontaneous internal carotid artery dissections (ICAD) using a proximal embolic protection device (EPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2012 to December 2023 all consecutive patients admitted for ICAD who underwent carotid artery stenting using MoMa Ultra (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) proximal EPD were included in this single-center study and were retrospectively analyzed. The presence of neurological symptoms was the only indication for treatment. Early outcomes included technical success, perioperative mortality, and major cardiovascular and cerebral complications. Late outcomes were recurrent neurological symptoms, patency, and reinterventions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9 patients were included in the study, all presenting with neurological symptoms. Among them, 8 were diagnosed with a transitory ischemic attack (TIA), while 1 had amaurosis fugax and transitory aphasia. Significant haemodinamic ICAD were 7. Complete anatomic resolution was achieved in all patients with no further lesions of the carotid axis. At a median follow-up of 63.9 months (IQR 27.1- 63.3), a single patient died due to worsening of pre-existent chronic heart failure; no intrastent restenosis were registered and all stents were patent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of a proximal EPD for endovascular treatment of ICAD under flow arrest seems to be feasible and safe, minimizing the risk of intraoperative stroke. Larger series are required to confirm these results and validate the treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":"44 4","pages":"323-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of carotid plaque analysis in therapeutic decision-making for carotid disease.","authors":"Ivan B Casella, Helio B Neto, Eduardo C Teixeira, José A Tavares Monteiro, Bruno D Constantin, Peter C Françolin, Thiago N Villari, Calógero Presti","doi":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05443-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S0392-9590.25.05443-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carotid atherosclerosis is an important yet declining etiology of embolic stroke and cerebrovascular or retinal ischemic events with an embolic source. The severity of stenosis is the most important anatomic factor for deciding whether to use optimized medical therapy alone or interventional therapy. Recently, specific features of the atherosclerotic plaque have attracted increasing attention; for example, total plaque area, juxtaluminal black area, intraplaque hemorrhage, and mainly echolucent plaques are associated with high risk of late stroke, and these features now influence the therapeutic choices. This review describes the current state of carotid plaque analysis using different image modalities and its effect on current guidelines and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13709,"journal":{"name":"International Angiology","volume":" ","pages":"283-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}