{"title":"Early emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer during triplet therapy for high-volume metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.","authors":"Yuichiro Nakamura, Hajime Fukushima, Hiroki Kurata, Junki Harada, Kyohei Araki, Kensuke Mitsunari, Tomohiro Matsuo, Kojiro Ohba, Yasushi Mochizuki, Ryoichi Imamura","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00812-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13691-025-00812-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case highlights the potential for early emergence of neuroendocrine differentiation in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer undergoing triplet therapy with androgen deprivation therapy, darolutamide, and docetaxel, even with marked prostate-specific antigen (PSA) suppression. In this patient, although some lesions initially responded to treatment, new metastases and radiological progression were observed early after triplet therapy was initiated. These atypical progression patterns raised the suspicion of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), confirmed by percutaneous biopsy of an enlarged right external iliac lymph node. This enabled the timely modification of the treatment strategy. Furthermore, retrospective immunohistochemical reevaluation of the diagnostic prostate biopsy specimen obtained at the referring hospital using only four cores revealed focal neuroendocrine differentiation within the poorly differentiated Gleason pattern 5 areas, suggesting that de novo NEPC features may have been present at the time of diagnosis. As triplet therapy has become more widespread, the incidence of NEPC may increase. Clinicians should maintain a high level of vigilance for discordant PSA progression and consider early biopsy of metastatic lesions to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emphysematous osteomyelitis in hematological malignancies: tales of two cases.","authors":"Manish Saini, Sanjay Kumar Meena, Tej Pal","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00814-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00814-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emphysematous osteomyelitis (EOM) is defined as the presence of gas forming bacteria within bones. It is seen in patients with morbid conditions like immunosuppression, diabetes, patients on chemotherapy, in cancer patients and in intravenous drug abusers. We present two cases of emphysematous osteomyelitis in patients with hematological malignancies; lymphoma and leukemia. Both the patients had similar clinical presentations with fever, localized swelling, and pain. Both patients underwent sonography (USG) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and imaging diagnosis of EOM was made. Microbiological confirmation of the causative organism was done and patients were started on appropriate antibiotics. Both patients responded very well to the treatment. Imaging findings and treatment outcomes are discussed, highlighting the challenges in managing this rare complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathological diagnosis and therapeutic management of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Kojiro Tashiro, Yoji Nagashima, Mikiko Kaneko, Kana Harada, Chisen Takeuchi, Shun Sato, Haruka Matsuzawa, Hisashi Hasumi, Fumihiko Urabe, Shunsuke Tsuzuki, Masaki Hashimoto, Kentaro Yoshihara, Mariko Honda, Hiroki Yamada, Hiroshi Kawame, Takahiro Kimura","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00811-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00811-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in the <i>fumarate hydratase</i> (<i>FH</i>) gene. It is characterized by cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and an increased risk of highly aggressive renal cell carcinoma (RCC), often associated with poor prognosis. We report the case of a 31-year-old Japanese woman diagnosed with unresectable RCC with nodal and adrenal metastases. Histopathological analysis of a biopsy specimen suggested papillary RCC; however, cancer genome profiling revealed a presumed germline pathogenic variant in <i>FH</i>. Subsequent germline testing confirmed the <i>FH</i> mutation, establishing the diagnosis of HLRCC-associated RCC. Cascade genetic testing identified several asymptomatic relatives carrying the same germline <i>FH</i> variant. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed unexpected positivity for FH and S-(2-succinyl) cysteine in tumor cells. Although FH loss is a hallmark of HLRCC-associated renal cell carcinoma, rare cases, such as this one, may exhibit retained FH expression on IHC. The patient was treated with a combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab, achieving a sustained partial response for 18 months following treatment initiation.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13691-025-00811-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Case report on critical well-leg compartment syndrome: early diagnosis and treatment after cervical cancer surgery.","authors":"Makiko Omi, Masanori Saito, Shogo Nishino, Atsushi Fusegi, Yoichi Aoki, Sanshiro Okamoto, Hiroyuki Kanao","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00815-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00815-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Well-leg compartment syndrome is a rare yet serious postoperative complication that may develop in limbs not directly involved in surgery. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential for limb preservation and optimal recovery. Several risk factors have been identified; however, preoperative prediction remains challenging. This report highlights the importance of early diagnosis through compartment pressure measurement in managing well-leg compartment syndrome following pelvic surgery. A 59-year-old female patient with cervical cancer underwent an open radical hysterectomy. In the immediate postoperative period, she reported right calf pain. As she could not communicate effectively during recovery, intramuscular compartment pressure was promptly measured using an 18-gauge needle and an arterial pressure monitoring system. Elevated pressure confirmed the diagnosis, and an emergency fasciotomy was performed. Rehabilitation and contracture prophylaxis were initiated the following day. The patient regained independent ambulation and completed postoperative chemoradiotherapy, with no evidence of recurrence. Early intervention facilitated a favorable outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urachal cancer with comprehensive genomic profiling results.","authors":"Shunsuke Owa, Takeshi Sasaki, Kenta Matsui, Taketomo Nishikawa, Momoko Kato, Takumi Kageyama, Hiroto Yuasa, Shinichiro Higashi, Yusuke Sugino, Yasutaka Tono, Takumi Fujiwara, Akinobu Hayashi, Kouhei Nishikawa, Hiroshi Imai, Yoshinaga Okugawa, Toshiro Mizuno, Takahiro Inoue","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00809-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00809-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urachal cancer is a rare malignancy, and cases with neuroendocrine features are extremely uncommon. We present a man in his 30s with gross hematuria. Imaging revealed a nodular mass in the bladder dome with lung metastases. Histopathology after transurethral and open resection revealed a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the urachus. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) identified <i>FGFR2-TACC2</i> fusion, <i>TP53</i> mutation, and <i>Rb1</i> loss. These findings suggest that targeted therapy may be considered in such rare and aggressive variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Good local control acquired by chemoradiation for inoperable adenocarcinoma of the anal canal with pagetoid spread: a report of two cases.","authors":"Yukako Kida, Itaru Ikeda, Masahiro Yamada, Tomoyuki Goto, Junpei Yonemaru, Shuang Zhang, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Chikako Yamauchi","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00808-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00808-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial adenocarcinoma. EMPD can be associated with an underlying malignancy of an adjacent organ, in which case the skin lesion is known as the pagetoid spread (PS) of the underlying tumor. PS, also known as secondary EMPD, has a worse prognosis than primary EMPD. The standard treatment is surgery, but the efficacy of nonsurgical treatments is unknown in inoperable cases. We present 2 cases of anal canal adenocarcinoma with PS that were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT). Although both cases experienced recurrence outside of the radiation field, and one died, anal function was preserved in both. In conclusion, CCRT may be a viable treatment option for inoperable anal canal cancer with PS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ulcerated nodular fasciitis of the finger mimicking soft tissue sarcoma: a case report.","authors":"Seiji Shimomura, Koichi Ogura, Toshiyuki Takemori, Takeichiro Kimura, Akihiko Yoshida, Akira Kawai","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00810-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00810-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a benign, self-limiting myofibroblastic proliferation that often mimics soft tissue sarcoma because of its rapid growth, hypercellularity, mitotic activity, and local infiltration. NF typically arises in the forearm, trunk, or upper arm, whereas finger involvement is extremely rare, accounting for 0-2% of cases. Ulceration or protrusion is even more unusual and may further resemble aggressive malignancy. We report a rare case of ulcerated NF of the finger, clinically mimicking a fungating sarcoma. A 26-year-old Japanese woman presented with a rapidly enlarging ulcerated mass on the ulnar side of the right middle finger. MRI revealed an isointense lesion on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signal on T2-weighted and T2 fat-suppressed images. Core needle biopsy showed spindle-cell proliferation in a loosely storiform pattern within a fibromyxoid stroma, with vascular fibrinoid necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated smooth muscle actin positivity and negativity for CD34 and S100. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed USP6 gene rearrangement, supporting the diagnosis of NF. Because of progressive growth after biopsy, marginal excision with full-thickness skin grafting was performed under local anesthesia, achieving complete removal and functional preservation. Histopathological findings were identical to those of the biopsy specimen. The postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no recurrence at the final follow-up, with full finger mobility maintained. This case highlights a rare manifestation of NF with ulceration in the finger, an entity that can closely mimic high-grade sarcoma. Awareness of this presentation and the use of molecular confirmation of USP6 gene rearrangement are crucial for accurate diagnosis and avoidance of unnecessary radical surgery, particularly in functionally and cosmetically critical locations such as the hand.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concurrent tumor lysis syndrome and 5-fluorouracil encephalopathy during the first cycle of zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 for CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer: a case report.","authors":"Taichi Tamura, Yusuke Kanemasa, Yusuke Masuda, Nozomi Kanai, Kento Ishimine, Taro Sawabe, Mano Mino, Ai Takahara, Shohei Nakamura, Toshihiro Okuya, Yu Yagi, Shinichiro Matsuda, Shin-Ichiro Horiguchi, Tatsu Shimoyama","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00807-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00807-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety data on zolbetuximab, a new CLDN18.2-targeting antibody for advanced gastric cancer (AGC), are still exiguous. We report herein a 75-year-old, male patient with CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative AGC with weight loss, massive nodal disease, and peritoneal carcinomatosis-related obstructive uropathy. First-line zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 triggered grade 2 nausea, which was followed on day 3 by tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Discontinuation of 5-FU and supportive care consisting of hydration and rasburicase led to rapid clinical improvement. Chemotherapy, which was resumed after a dosage adjustment, achieved tumor shrinkage and resolved the hydronephrosis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to describe concurrent TLS and 5-FU-induced encephalopathy during the administration of a zolbetuximab-based regimen and highlights the need for proactive prophylaxis against TLS and for controlling nausea in AGC patients with a high tumor burden, baseline renal impairment, and cachexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12831793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small cell bladder carcinoma with a high tumor mutational burden responding to sequential cisplatin-etoposide and pembrolizumab: a case report.","authors":"Akira Ohtsu, Yuji Fujizuka, Seiji Arai, Takanori Shimizu, Yuki Ozawa, Shun Imanari, Masakazu Yamaguchi, Tomohiro Agata, Mai Onose, Masashi Nomura, Yoshitaka Sekine, Hidekazu Koike, Hiroshi Matsui, Nobuaki Ohtake, Kazuhiro Suzuki","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00788-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00788-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCCB) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. We present the case of a 63-year-old man who was initially diagnosed to have non-metastatic high-grade non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid subtype and later developed bone metastases. A bone biopsy confirmed small cell carcinoma, and retrospective review of the original tumor revealed mixed histology comprising small cell, sarcomatoid-like, and conventional urothelial carcinoma components. The patient was treated with six cycles of cisplatin and etoposide, during which genomic profiling identified a high tumor mutational burden (22 mutations/megabase). Based on this finding, pembrolizumab was administered sequentially as monotherapy. The patient achieved a complete response that lasted for more than 1 year, but subsequently developed lymph node metastases and recurrences in bone. This case highlights the role of genomic profiling test for clinical decision-making as tumor mutational burden predicts the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in SCCB. This case also underscores the urgent need for novel treatment approaches for SCCB.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"14 4","pages":"440-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12696199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-grade gliomas derived from an ovarian mature teratoma: clonal dynamics and genetic insights.","authors":"Kota Yamauchi, Junzo Hamanishi, Koichi Watanabe, Nobuyuki Kakiuchi, Yasuhide Takeuchi, Hiroyuki Katsuragawa, Koji Yamanoi, Takashi Motohashi, Yuko Hosoe, Ken Yamaguchi, Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Seiya Imoto, Tsutomu Tabata, Yoichi Furukawa, Yohei Mineharu, Yoshiki Arakawa, Seishi Ogawa, Sachiko Minamiguchi, Masaki Mandai","doi":"10.1007/s13691-025-00790-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13691-025-00790-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-grade glioma (HGG) arising from a mature ovarian teratoma is extremely rare and its genetic alterations remain largely unknown. We report a case of WHO Grade 4 HGG (HGG-G4) developing 3 years after cystectomy for ovarian mature teratoma, where a WHO Grade 3 HGG (HGG-G3) was identified upon pathological reevaluation. Whole-exome sequencing confirmed the clonal relationship between HGG-G3 and HGG-G4, revealing genome-wide copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity, copy-number alterations, and whole-genome doubling in both HGGs. Genomic and epigenetic analyses have suggested multistep tumorigenesis and clonal alteration during the clinical course, particularly in response to chemotherapy, in HGGs arising from ovarian teratomas.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13691-025-00790-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":13703,"journal":{"name":"International Cancer Conference Journal","volume":"14 4","pages":"421-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12696273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145756645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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