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Does Budget Deficit and Political Stability Effect Real Exchange Rate in South Asian Countries? 预算赤字和政治稳定对南亚国家实际汇率的影响?
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/GMSR.2021(VI-I).03
Ghulam Nabi, K. Bhat, Faheem Ghazanfar
{"title":"Does Budget Deficit and Political Stability Effect Real Exchange Rate in South Asian Countries?","authors":"Ghulam Nabi, K. Bhat, Faheem Ghazanfar","doi":"10.31703/GMSR.2021(VI-I).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/GMSR.2021(VI-I).03","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the effect of political stability and budget deficit on the real exchange rate. We used a panel data set of south Asian countries, including Pakistan, China, Bangladesh and India. We applied the panel unit root test, Kaos panel Cointegration and fully modified the least square in the study to reach robustness of findings. Findings reveal that real exchange rate(RER) and political stability are positively related. It supports the argument that political stability attracts foreign investment, appreciates local currency, and leads to higher RER. However, results reveal that the budget deficit is not related to RER. This study provides new empirical evidence to policymakers and government officials that political stability encourages foreign investors and appreciates exchange rate.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114994240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Impact of Transformational and Transactional Leadership styles on Employee Performance with Mediating Effect of Affective Commitment: A Study of Banking Sector of Pakistan 变革型和交易型领导风格对员工绩效的影响及情感性承诺的中介效应——基于巴基斯坦银行业的研究
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/GMSR.2021(VI-I).01
Touqeer Ahmed, Aftab Haider, Bushra Alvi
{"title":"Impact of Transformational and Transactional Leadership styles on Employee Performance with Mediating Effect of Affective Commitment: A Study of Banking Sector of Pakistan","authors":"Touqeer Ahmed, Aftab Haider, Bushra Alvi","doi":"10.31703/GMSR.2021(VI-I).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/GMSR.2021(VI-I).01","url":null,"abstract":"The research was escorted to probe the correlation between leadership styles on employee production through the mediation of Affective commitment in the National Bank of Pakistan. Simple random sampling was used to carry out the research using structured questionnaires, which were adopted from other researchers studies. The questionnaires were based on a five-point Likert scale measuring all variables.144 questionnaires were distributed among middle-level employees of the National Bank of Pakistan, out of which all 144 were useable. This data was analyzed using SPSS. The descriptive statistics indicated a productive association between transformational & employee performance and show significant effect with that the other variable Transactional leadership shows significant positive impact on employee performance, whereas Affective commitment did mediate the relationship between independent variables & dependent variables.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122615481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Mediation of Risk Perception Between Leadership Styles and Risk Management Styles of Managers 风险感知在领导风格与管理者风险管理风格之间的中介作用
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).07
S. Khan, H. Yasmin, Asma Rashid
{"title":"Mediation of Risk Perception Between Leadership Styles and Risk Management Styles of Managers","authors":"S. Khan, H. Yasmin, Asma Rashid","doi":"10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).07","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the mediation of risk perception between leadership styles and risk management styles of managers during managerial decision making. Leadership styles were measured through Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), risk perception in decision making was measured with Decision Situations Scale (DSS), risk management styles of managers were measured with ACAT Risk Management Styles Scale (ARMSS) was administered on 300 managers. Risk perception partially mediated between leadership styles and risk management styles of managers. The study integrated scientific knowledge from different models of organizational life. The findings are useful in high-risk organizational environments in the current decade.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125438563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relationship between Heads' Team Leadership Style and Teachers' Motivation 校长团队领导风格与教师动机的关系
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).05
S. Ullah, Abid Hussain Ch.
{"title":"Relationship between Heads' Team Leadership Style and Teachers' Motivation","authors":"S. Ullah, Abid Hussain Ch.","doi":"10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).05","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to explore the relationship of the team leadership style of headteachers with the motivation of teachers in Government high schools of Punjab. Distributed leadership is a style in which the leadership responsibilities are shared with those who have related skills and expertise. The sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used in this study. The team leadership style of heads and motivation level of teachers was identified by a questionnaire. Five hundred and thirty-eight male teachers were selected from Government boy's high schools of four districts of Punjab through a multi-stage proportionate sampling technique. The interview guide was developed to collect qualitative data from headteachers of the respective selected schools for a deep understanding of the situation. Both the questionnaire and interview guide were validated by the experts and pilot tested. Findings of the study displayed that the head was using team leadership style, the teachers especially those who are newly inducted, had a high level of motivation.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125949477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidential Analysis of Terrorism and I-VEO Knowledge Matrix in the Context of Security as Pure Public Good: The case of Pakistan from 1990 to 2010 安全作为纯公共产品背景下恐怖主义与I-VEO知识矩阵的证据分析——以1990 - 2010年巴基斯坦为例
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).06
Aziz Ahmed, Nagina Gul, Hussan Ara Magsi
{"title":"Evidential Analysis of Terrorism and I-VEO Knowledge Matrix in the Context of Security as Pure Public Good: The case of Pakistan from 1990 to 2010","authors":"Aziz Ahmed, Nagina Gul, Hussan Ara Magsi","doi":"10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).06","url":null,"abstract":"The case of Pakistan has presented if security provision is a pure public good in the light of the I-VEO Knowledge Matrix hypotheses. Evidential analysis of the data from 1990 to 2010 from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) suggests that terrorism incidents are not reduced with the increase of public expenditure on defence, and instead, more fatalities and injuries are witnessed during the years. The analysis is based in isolation to terrorist attacks, defence expenditure and relating hypotheses of Influential Violent Extremists Organization Knowledge Matrix (I- VEO Knowledge Matrix) and counterterrorism operations, at ceteris paribus. The I-VEO Knowledge Matrix shows there is a lack of a comprehensive set of strategy based on the collection of relevant hypotheses more productive than the existing and likely less effective counterterrorism strategies to ensure security provision as a pure public good in the case of Pakistan","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130036719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adequate Access to Retail Stores for Purchase Behaviour through Sustainable Attractiveness and Purchase Intention 通过可持续的吸引力和购买意愿，有足够的渠道进入零售商店以促进购买行为
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).11
N. Sulehri, A. Rana, Muhammad Naeem
{"title":"Adequate Access to Retail Stores for Purchase Behaviour through Sustainable Attractiveness and Purchase Intention","authors":"N. Sulehri, A. Rana, Muhammad Naeem","doi":"10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).11","url":null,"abstract":"With the world's increased urbanization, the exchange process's view is fetching more efficiency in the shopping process. This trend is changing customer's intentions towards the retail stores. This article examines how the perception of access reshapes the customer's purchase decision in developing countries and how the retail stores' sustainable attractiveness intervenes in the purchase decision making. The point of sale convenience sampling technique is used with data from 669 urban retail customers' in the current study. The results have revealed that purchase intention and sustainable attractiveness of the retail store sequentially intervene relationship between the customer's access to the retail store and the purchase behaviour. Moreover, this study has also explored the vital link between purchase intention and purchase behaviour in Pakistan's urban organized retail stores. This study provides new insights for retailers and urban planners to manage the store's location for more efficient exchange and increase customer patronage.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129136246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Industrial Waste Management in Pakistan: Problems and Prospects 巴基斯坦工业废物管理:问题与展望
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).04
Muhammad Tahir Hassan, Shumaila Dilawar, Muqarrab Akbar
{"title":"Industrial Waste Management in Pakistan: Problems and Prospects","authors":"Muhammad Tahir Hassan, Shumaila Dilawar, Muqarrab Akbar","doi":"10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).04","url":null,"abstract":"The disposal of industrial waste is a serious issue in almost every developed and underdeveloped nation. Fast-growing industrialization and urbanization have severly affected the environment and water quality. The developed states have developed techniques to dispose of industrial waste. However, as it is very expensive, so underdeveloped states are lacking behind in the technology of industrial waste disposal. This paper will explore different aspects of Industrial waste, such as the causes of industrial waste and its effects on the population. This research is supported by the survey from the around 300 people of Multan to know about the perception of the general public about industrial waste management. The paper concludes with the recommendations that government, industrialists and civil society can jointly resolve the issue of industrial waste by taking different measures on their part.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"12 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130362728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Emotional Intelligence Supports Transformational LeadershipStyle: A Survey of Local Government District D.I. Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan 情绪智力支持变革型领导风格:对巴基斯坦地方政府D.I. Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa区的调查
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).09
Qudratullah Khan
{"title":"Emotional Intelligence Supports Transformational LeadershipStyle: A Survey of Local Government District D.I. Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan","authors":"Qudratullah Khan","doi":"10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(vi-i).09","url":null,"abstract":"In the contemporary world of stress and insecurity in developing countries like Pakistan, emotional intelligence has earned critical importance as an effective tool for organizational leadership. Literature suggests that when human devotion, motivation and commitment are the keys to organizational success, transformational leadership with sufficient command over emotional intelligence is the only package that can help successful operations of the organization. This study tests the same model of positive relations between EI & TRFLS and negative links of EI with TRSLS in the 'local government' work environment using local government leaders as the unit of analysis. Literature and field surveys for data collection and statistical tools for data analysis have been applied to serve the purposes of this study. The results confirm the hypothesized relationships between predictor and criterion variables with specific 'statistics' warranting further work on strengthening the interactions between TRFLS and EI.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126717445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of Actors and Factors for the Emergence of Contemporary Regime of Investor-State Dispute Settlement 当代投资者-国家争端解决机制产生的行动者和因素的作用
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.31703/GMSR.2020(V-IV).05
A. Khan, Z. Cheema, Jawwad Riaz
{"title":"Role of Actors and Factors for the Emergence of Contemporary Regime of Investor-State Dispute Settlement","authors":"A. Khan, Z. Cheema, Jawwad Riaz","doi":"10.31703/GMSR.2020(V-IV).05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/GMSR.2020(V-IV).05","url":null,"abstract":"Dispute resolution mechanism happened to be the fundamental aspect of the protectionist discourse of foreign investment. The consistent efforts were rolled out on behalf of international economic organizations such as UNO, OECD and IBRD of World Bank Group for the establishment of an impartial forum for the settlement of investment disputes. The opposite approaches of capital-exporting developed economies and less developed recipients of foreign capital lead certain attempts to failure to build consensus for dispute resolution mechanism relating to foreign investments. The World Bank started its effort for a specialized forum for investor-state dispute settlements in 1961. This effort remained successful in building consensus for exclusive jurisdiction for investment disputes. The members of the World Bank Group adopted the international convention on the settlement of investment disputes between states and nationals of other states, 1965, i.e. ICSID Convention. The paper has concluded that the efforts of international organizations and the large-scale recognition of the ICSID mechanism have ensured the legitimacy of the system.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"s3-31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130135338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of Public Relation Strategies & Practices in Peshawar Hospitals 白沙瓦医院公共关系策略与实践比较分析
Global Management Sciences Review Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.31703/GMSR.2020(V-IV).04
R. Amin, S. Khan, Jamaluddin
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Public Relation Strategies & Practices in Peshawar Hospitals","authors":"R. Amin, S. Khan, Jamaluddin","doi":"10.31703/GMSR.2020(V-IV).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31703/GMSR.2020(V-IV).04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper comparatively examines the Public Relation (PR) practices in public & private hospitals of Peshawar to investigate the practices followed by the Public Relation Officers (PROs) and the barriers they face in order to develop cordial ties between the internal and external public of health department for effective health care delivery. The Public Relation Departments (PRDs) are struggling to build strong bonds between the patients, accompaniers and health institutions. This research aims to examine the difference between PR practices of Peshawar's public and private hospitals by employing the Grunig and Hunts Four Models as a theoretical framework. The respondents were selected for the research via the purposive sampling technique. A semi-structured interview protocol was developed for this purpose. The study shows that the PROs in these hospitals follow none of the four models. It is recommended that hospitals should hire PR professionals, arrange health communication literacy seminars and conduct research for confidence building between the internal and external public of the health department.","PeriodicalId":136725,"journal":{"name":"Global Management Sciences Review","volume":"99 37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129098194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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