Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Mortality of COVID-19 is associated with comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"N. Andreen, L. Andersson, N. Sundell, L. Gustavsson, J. Westin","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2022.2050422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2022.2050422","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with the outcome in matched COVID-19 patients without COPD. Methods Sixty-three COPD patients hospitalised for acute COVID-19 from March through August 2020 were retrospectively identified and 63 hospitalised COVID-19 patients without COPD were selected and matched for age, gender and month of hospital admission. Results COPD patients had a higher rate of comorbidities, especially cardiovascular disease, and a trend towards a higher 30-day mortality than control patients (35% vs. 22%). In the COPD group, high Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.03) and previous cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.04) were associated with 30-day mortality in univariate analysis. Inhaled corticosteroids maintenance therapy was not associated with lower mortality. Conclusion COPD patients hospitalised for acute COVID-19 disease had significantly more comorbidities and a high risk of severe outcome and death within 30 days. Comorbidity, especially cardiovascular diseases, was associated with mortality among COPD patients.","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"54 1","pages":"508 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45224213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untargeted lipidomic differences between clinical strains of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Philip Nikolic, Poonam Mudgil, D. Harman, J. Whitehall","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2022.2049863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2022.2049863","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of infectious diseases in humans. It has become resistant to many antibacterial agents making management of infections difficult. A better understanding of differences among S. aureus strains that are sensitive and resistant to antibiotics may offer insights into the resistant phenotype and identify new antimicrobial targets. This study aimed at comparing general differences in lipid profiles among clinical strains of S. aureus sensitive and resistant to antibiotics. The cell wall thickness and cell surface charge were also compared. Methods Five methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and five methicillin resistant (MRSA) S. aureus strains were compared both individually and as MSSA and MRSA groups in the absence of antibiotics. Lipids were compared by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, cell wall thickness was compared by scanning transmission electron microscopy and whole-cell surface charge was compared using a cytochrome c binding assay. Results Twenty-two lipid species were identified in all ten strains of S. aureus. The abundance of three lipid species (two lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol and one diglycosyldiacylglycerol) were found to be different between MSSA and MRSA. Differences in cell wall thickness were identified between strains but not between MSSA and MRSA. No difference in whole-cell surface charge was observed between MSSA and MRSA. Conclusion This study shows differences in membrane lipids between antibiotic sensitive and antibiotic resistant clinical strains of S aureus that may affect resistance mechanisms related to cell membrane structure and fluidity. Further research on these differences may identify new drug targets against resistant strains.","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"54 1","pages":"497 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45073148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk stratification score screening for infective endocarditis in patients with Gram-positive bacteraemia","authors":"H. Lindberg, Emma Löfström, M. Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2022.2049360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2022.2049360","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background A feared cause of bacteraemia with Gram-positives is infective endocarditis. Risk stratification scores can aid clinicians in determining the risk of endocarditis. Six proposed scores for the use in bacteraemia; Staphylococcus aureus (PREDICT, VIRSTA, POSITIVE), non-β-haemolytic streptococci (HANDOC) and Enterococcus faecalis (NOVA, DENOVA) were validated for predictive ability and the utilization of echocardiography was investigated. Methods Hospitalized adult patients with Gram-positive bacteraemia during 2017–2019 were evaluated retrospectively through medical records and the Swedish Death Registry. Baseline and score-specific data, definite endocarditis and echocardiographies performed were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and echocardiography utilization were determined. Results 480 patients with bacteraemia were included and definite endocarditis was diagnosed in 20 (7.5%), 10 (6.6%), and 2 (3.2%) patients with S. aureus, non-β-haemolytic streptococci and E. faecalis, respectively. The sensitivities of the scores were 80–100% and specificities 8–77%. Negative predictive values of the six scores were 98–100%. VIRSTA, HANDOC, NOVA and DENOVA identified all, the PREDICT5 score missed 1/20 and the POSITIVE score missed 4/20 cases of endocarditis. Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed in 141 patients (29%). Thus, the risk stratification scores suggested an increase of 3–63 (7–77%) investigations with echocardiography. Conclusions All scores had negative-predictive values over 98%, therefore it can be concluded that PREDICT5, VIRSTA, POSITIVE, HANDOC and DENOVA are reasonable screening tools for endocarditis early on in Gram-positive bacteraemia. The use of risk stratification scores will lead to more echocardiographies.","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"54 1","pages":"488 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the feasibility of pool testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection screening","authors":"Irene Paganini, C. Sani, Chiara Chilleri, M. Baccini, Alberto Antonelli, S. Bisanzi, E. Burroni, F. Cellai, M. Coppi, F. Mealli, G. Pompeo, Jessica Viti, G. Rossolini, F. Carozzi","doi":"10.1080/23744235.2022.2044512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23744235.2022.2044512","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represented a huge challenge for national health systems worldwide. Pooling nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs seems to be a promising strategy, saving time and resources, but it could reduce the sensitivity of the RT-PCR and exacerbate samples management in terms of automation and tracing. In this study, taking advantage of the routine implementation of a screening plan on health workers, we evaluated the feasibility of pool testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis in the presence of low viral load samples. Method Pools were prepared with an automated instrument, mixing 4, 6 or 20 NP specimens, including one, two or none positive samples. Ct values of positive samples were on average about 35 for the four genes analyzed. Results The overall sensitivity of 4-samples and 6-samples pools was 93.1 and 90.0%, respectively. Focussing on pools including one sample with Ct value ≥35 for all analyzed genes, sensitivity decreased to 77.8 and 75.0% for 4- and 6-samples, respectively; pools including two positive samples, resulted positive in any size as well as pools including positive samples with Ct values <35. Conclusion Pool testing strategy should account the balance between cost-effectiveness, dilution effect and prevalence of the infection. Our study demonstrated the good performances in terms of sensitivity and saving resources of pool testing mixing 4 or 6 samples, even including low viral load specimens, in a real screening context possibly affected by prevalence fluctuation. In conclusion, pool testing strategy represents an efficient and resources saving surveillance and tracing tool, especially in specific context like schools, even for monitoring changes in prevalence associated to vaccination campaign.","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"54 1","pages":"478 - 487"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46205007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Critically Ill Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Nepal: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Sailesh Kumar Shrestha,&nbsp;Andrew Trotter,&nbsp;Pradeep Krishna Shrestha","doi":"10.1177/11786337211071120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786337211071120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is an important public health problem, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). We aimed to examine the epidemiology and risk factors of HAIs in our ICUs and study their microbiological profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated 100 consecutive patients in 3 medical and surgical ICUs of a tertiary care teaching hospital daily starting in January 2016 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions and methods. We determined the incidence and sites of HAIs, identified the causative microorganism, and studied their antibiotic sensitivity profiles. We investigated risk factors for the development of an HAI using a multiple logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 300 patients, 129 patients (43%) developed HAIs (55.96 HAI events per 1000 ICU-days). Pneumonia was the most common type of HAI (57, 41%). <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most frequently isolated microorganism (20, 29%) and 74% of the pathogens isolated were multi-drug resistant. The presence of an invasive device (Odds Ratio, 4.29; 95% Confidence Interval, 2.52-7.51) and use of sedation (Odds Ratio, 2.24; 95% Confidence Interval, 1.31-3.87) were the statistically significant risk factors for HAIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a high incidence of HAIs in our ICUs and a high burden of multidrug-resistant microorganisms highlighting the importance of infection control and antibiotic stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 ","pages":"11786337211071120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5a/89/10.1177_11786337211071120.PMC8793418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39733764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmid Carrying <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-15, <i>bla</i> _PER-1, and <i>bla</i> _TEM-1 Genes in <i>Citrobacter spp.</i> From Regional Hospital in Mexico.","authors":"Cindy Negrete-González,&nbsp;Edgar Turrubiartes-Martínez,&nbsp;Miriam Briano-Macias,&nbsp;Daniel Noyola,&nbsp;Luis Fernando Pérez-González,&nbsp;Roberto González-Amaro,&nbsp;Perla Niño-Moreno","doi":"10.1177/11786337211065750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786337211065750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Citrobacter spp.</i> is an opportunistic bacteria that have been recognized as significant pathogens in patients with underlying diseases or immunocompromised status. The aim of this study was to identify extended-spectrum β-lactamases in clinical isolates of <i>Citrobacter spp.</i></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital Central \"Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto\" in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Nineteen isolates of <i>Citrobacter spp.</i> were obtained from clinical specimens between April to December 2015. Four isolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins. The presence of genes encoding ESBL (<i>bla</i> _CTX-M-15, <i>bla</i> _TEM-1, <i>bla</i> _VEB-1, <i>bla</i> _SHV, and <i>bla</i> _PER-1) was analyzed by PCR. For this purpose, plasmid DNA was extracted and horizontally transferred to recipient <i>E. coli</i> Top 10.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>bla</i> _CTX-M-15 and <i>bla</i> _VEB-1 genes were detected in <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> and <i>Citrobacter sedlakii</i>, whereas <i>bla</i> _PER-1 gene was identified in 1 isolate of <i>Citrobacter freundii.</i> In contrast, <i>bla</i> _SHV gene was not detected in any isolate. One strain carried <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-15, <i>bla</i> _TEM-1, <i>bla</i> _VEB-1, and <i>bla</i> _PER-1 genes, most in a 275-kb plasmid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows the presence of different types of ESBL in clinical isolates of <i>Citrobacter freundii</i> and <i>Citrobacter sedlakii</i>, which confer resistance to broad-spectrum β-lactams. The plasmid identified in this study harboring ESBL genes could play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 ","pages":"11786337211065750"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/81/10.1177_11786337211065750.PMC8771733.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39962609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-Prevalence of HBV and its Associated Factors Among Healthcare Providers in Public Health Facilities in Eastern Ethiopia.","authors":"Degu Abate,&nbsp;Abebe Tolera,&nbsp;Behailu Hawulte,&nbsp;Tewodros Tesfa,&nbsp;Ayele Geleto","doi":"10.1177/11786337211062622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11786337211062622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare providers are in high occupational risk of Hepatitis B virus infection than that of the general population because of the high risk of occupational exposure to patients' body fluids and accidental sharp injuries. There are no large facility-based studies conducted on the prevalence of HBV infection and its associated factors among health care providers in eastern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed at investigating the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and its associated factors among the healthcare providers in public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 randomly selected healthcare providers in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors. In addition, a 2.5 ml blood was collected and the serum was analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen using the Instant Hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS statistical packages version 22. Descriptive summary measures were used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was conducted at 95% CI. An association at <i>P</i>-value <.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 438 (92.02% response rate) health care providers have participated in this study. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 9.6%. There were no significant differences in the HBV infection rates among healthcare providers with respect to socio-demographic characteristics (<i>P</i>-value >.05). After adjusting for some variables, the following variables remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positive result in the multivariable analysis: exposure to body fluids (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI [1.25, 7.05]), history of needle stick injury (AOR = 4.70; 95% CI [2.10, 10.55]), history of operation/surgery (AOR = 4.88, 95% CI [1.43, 16.62]), history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 7.48; 95% CI [2.08, 26.96]), and being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.09; 95% CI [2.75, 13.51]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed a high prevalence of HBV infection among health care providers in eastern Ethiopia. This is significant because health professionals may be at increased risk of chronic complications and may also be source of infection for their clients and general population during their healthcare practice. Management commitment that should focus on occupational safety and health promotions is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"15 ","pages":"11786337211062622"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/a2/10.1177_11786337211062622.PMC8744165.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39816310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection After 1 Year in a Patient with X-linked Agammaglobulinaemia","authors":"G. Rieke, M. Monin, S. Breitschwerdt, C. Boesecke, S. Schlabe","doi":"10.17925/id.2022.1.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/id.2022.1.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Though a comprehensive analysis of the immunity following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been performed, little is known about the duration of this protection and the risk of reinfection. This lack of knowledge is of particular interest for patients with impaired immune function. In this report, we describe the course of infection of a 30-year-old male patient with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, who was reinfected with SARS-CoV-2 after a primary infection 12 months earlier. The initial course of infection took place in April 2020 with the typical symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection accompanied by compatible changes in laboratory values and computed tomography. With no anti-viral treatment options at that time of the pandemic, only symptomatic therapy could be offered. Twelve months later (April 2021), the patient presented with a short course of fever and headache. Laboratory testing showed elevated C-reactive protein levels, while leukocytes, lymphocytes and lactate dehydrogenase levels were within range. The patient was admitted, and antibiotic treatment was started partially because procalcitonin levels were slightly elevated as well. The SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction was positive, and therapy with the monoclonal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies casirivimab/imdevimab (1,200 mg/1,200 mg, respectively) were initiated. The course of infection was mild, but low-flow oxygen had to be administered. It was not possible to distinguish between the contribution of the administered antibodies and the role of cytotoxic T-cells in the course of infection. Variant screenings confirmed the Wuhan strain of the virus for the first episode and the alpha variant for the second episode, thus confirming reinfection and ruling out long-term shedding. Neutralizing antibodies seem to play a crucial role in viral clearance and infection prevention, assuming patients with agammaglobulinaemia are at higher risk for a severe course of coronavirus disease 2019. Still, the specific role of neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T-cells is not fully understood. Reinfection among this patient population has only been described occasionally. Our case described a reinfection, which was confirmed by variant-testing. In addition, it gave insight into the rapid progression of testing and into specific anti-viral therapy over 1 year of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcal Infections [Working Title]","authors":"","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.95133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71004298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir Alafenamide for the Treatment of People Living with HIV","authors":"J. Mallolas","doi":"10.17925/id.2022.1.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17925/id.2022.1.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p />","PeriodicalId":13671,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67593649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}